Evaluating the Experience of Miscarriage in the Emergency Department

This assignment provides a comprehensive analysis of a qualitative research study that investigates the experiences of women who have experienced miscarriages in emergency departments. The analysis covers various aspects of the study, including its purpose, literature review, ethical consid...Read More

UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCE OF
MISCARRIAGE IN THE EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT

Table of Contents
STUDY PURPOSE/QUESTION....................................................................................................5
1. Did the study have a clear purpose/research question?...........................................................5
BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................5
1. Does it present relevant literature in relation to the problem/issue to be studied? .................5
2. Does it use a critical approach in reviewing relevant literature (I.e: does it demonstrate
comparing and contrasting of information)?...............................................................................5
3. Does it identify any gaps in the literature? ............................................................................6
4. Does it provide a sound justification for doing the study? .....................................................6
ETHICS............................................................................................................................................7
1. Is there a statement regarding ethics approval? ....................................................................7
2. Is there a statement regarding informed consent? .................................................................7
3. What are the other relevant ethical issues addressed?.............................................................7
4. List any other relevant ethical issues you think as important.................................................7
5. Explain why the above 4 ethical aspects are important..........................................................7
STUDY METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................9
1. What was the chosen methodology for this study?.................................................................9
2. Is this choice suitable for answering the research problem/question? ...................................9
PARTICIPANTS.............................................................................................................................9
1. How were potential participants identified?...........................................................................9
2. Were the targeted participants appropriate? ..........................................................................9
3. Were the participants adequately described?..........................................................................9
METHODS/DATA COLLECTION..............................................................................................11
1. Outline the types of methods used to gather data (information) in this study:.....................11
2. Do these methods match the chosen methodology? ............................................................11
3. Do the researchers adequately describe the setting in which the study took place? ............11
4. Do the researchers identify any personal ideas, experiences or knowledge that might
influence the study? ..................................................................................................................11
DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................11
1.How was the data analysed in this study? .............................................................................11
2. Is this the type of analysis one would expect for Qualitative Research? .............................12

RIGOUR........................................................................................................................................12
1. Did the researchers continue recruiting people to the study until data saturation was
reached? ....................................................................................................................................12
2. Did the researchers collect data from more than one source? If so, what were they? ........12
3. Did the researchers provide the participants with the opportunity to check the research
findings? ...................................................................................................................................12
4. Explain how the above 3 points contribute to the trustworthiness of the overall research
findings......................................................................................................................................12
RESEARCH FINDINGS...............................................................................................................12
1. What were the main findings of this study?..........................................................................12
2. Are the research findings presented in a way that is consistent with qualitative research? .13
LIMITATIONS..............................................................................................................................14
1. What were the limitations of this study? (limitations identified by the authors and students
are both acceptable)...................................................................................................................14
2. Explain why they are limitations of the study?.....................................................................14
APPLICABILITY TO CLINICAL PRACTICES.........................................................................14
1. Briefly discuss the implications of these findings for Nursing/Midwifery practice and/or
patient care. Include a discussion about the transferability of the findings..............................14
2. Overall, should the outcomes of this study be used to inform clinical practice? ................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

STUDY PURPOSE/QUESTION
1. Did the study have a clear purpose/research question?
Yes/no
Explain- Yes present study has clear purpose, it is all about women those who experience
miscarriage. Research focuses on developing better understanding on experience of miscarriage
in emergency departments in hospitals. Patients in the emergency department experience
prolonged wait times and fragmented care (Newbatt and et. al, 2012). But somehow nurses still
do not have enough knowledge that is why they are unable to provide quality care treatment to
these female. The present study has explored the experience of women those who come to
emergency department for getting care for their miscarriage. In the research questions scholar
has asked about pregnant life, experience in emergency department, treatment provided by
medical professionals with the women.
BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Does it present relevant literature in relation to the problem/issue to be studied?
Yes/no
Explain- yes present literature is on the subject matter on the issue of women miscarriage. It
has been described that female those who face this critical situation feel guilty and lost. In the
literature section researcher has discussed the urgency of miscarriage women of getting medical
care. It has been stated that pregnant women seek medical care because of their painful
condition. In this section, it has been described that medical professional do not treat them well
and due to lack of empathy women get demotivated. Experience of women those who suffer
from miscarriage have been discussed in this study. But still there is some gap in the literature
because death rate, medical treatment provided by medical professionals have not been
illustrated broadly in this research by the scholar (Practice Committee of the American Society
for Reproductive Medicine, 2012).
2. Does it use a critical approach in reviewing relevant literature (I.e: does it demonstrate
comparing and contrasting of information)?
Yes/no
Explain: No present investigation has not critically review the subject matter. Researcher was
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not having sufficient time and cost for critically review this aspect. Author has discussed one
aspect of women and medical professional. It has defined the problem faced by women during
miscarriage and how medical professionals treat them in the emergency department. No data
has been used in order to compare and contract the situation of female patients after getting
treatment.
3. Does it identify any gaps in the literature?
Yes/no
Explain: Yes there is gap in literature, experience of women has not been discussed broadly in
the present investigation. Perception of medical professionals and experience of women have
not been described in the research deeply (Saravelos and Li, 2012).
4. Does it provide a sound justification for doing the study?
Yes/no
Explain: Yes it provides sound justification for doing this study. Research has described that up
to 20% of pregnancies end in the miscarriage stage and due to this, women get psychologically
depressed. In the hospital's emergency department medial professionals do not treat them well
and even some of them behave to harsh with ladies (Sugiura-Ogasawara and et. al, 2012). It
was very important to look upon this aspect so that medical services of emergency department
can be improved and ladies can get immediate care so that their condition can get improved.
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ETHICS
1. Is there a statement regarding ethics approval?
Yes/no
Explain: Yes in the present investigation ethics have been followed by the scholar. Eligible
participants have been approached by staff RNs of emergency departments and they have been
provided letter introducing the researcher and discussing about the investigation. If any
participant have given their mobile number and email address then they got email message from
the investigator.
2. Is there a statement regarding informed consent?
Yes/no
Explain: Yes, in the present investigation consent process is completely informed to
participants. It has been cleared that researcher will record their interview and it was clear that
their statements will be published but their identity would remain anonymous.
3. What are the other relevant ethical issues addressed?
Explain: There were some ethical issues addressed in the study. One of the major issue was that
researcher has informed participants but still it was required to fill consent form with them in
order to minimize further complications (Zhao and et. al, 2014). Researcher was required to
take written permission from the hospital authorities in order to make it more authentic.
4. List any other relevant ethical issues you think as important
Explain: There are many ethical issues which are very important in any research.
Confidentiality or data protection is one of them. It is necessary for the scholar to keep
confidential the data and do not use it commercially. Respect and trust are another ethical aspect
that is essential in the investigation. Individual should not force any participant to give their
answer on the subject matter (Miscarriage – Causes, 2017). Furthermore, use of own language
is another ethical aspect which is very important. Scholar should not copy and paste the
information from any website. Individual needs to understand the data and need to translate into
own language.
5. Explain why the above 4 ethical aspects are important
Explain: Above described ethical aspect are very important in the research project. It helps in
minimizing further complications. Signing consent form can assist in gaining trust of
respondents and they will share their views openly with the researcher. Apart from this,
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confidential aids in making it more authentic. By avoiding copy and paste issue of plagiarism
can be avoided which can make the study more authentic.
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STUDY METHODOLOGY
1. What was the chosen methodology for this study?
Explain: Researcher has used qualitative study for the present topic. With the help of words
miscarriage of women and their experience have been discussed in the current investigation.
Apart from this, interpretive phenomenology has been used. It has supported the scholar in
developing better understanding about the research topic. Data has been collected from face to
face interview or primary sources. Interpretive phenomenology has been used for data analysis.
2. Is this choice suitable for answering the research problem/question?
Yes/no
Explain- yes selection of these research methodology was appropriate for the present
investigation (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). Qualitative research type is suitable and by
this way scholar become able to gather in-depth information about women with miscarriage and
experience in emergency department. Interpretive phenomenology has helped in the scholar in
analysing the information effectively and finding out the results.
PARTICIPANTS
1. How were potential participants identified?
Explain- Advertisement was places in emergency department, family resource centres, primary
practitioner offices (Coiro and et.al, 2014). Apart from the researcher has taken support of
social media in order to identify the potential participants in the study. Women those who were
pregnant has been selected as respondents. Researcher has thought to select those people those
who get affected by miscarriage and thus chosen participants.
2. Were the targeted participants appropriate?
Yes/no
Explain- target participants were women in the emergency department those who w have
experiences miscarriage situation (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). They were appropriate
for the present investigation because they can give better information about the medical care
procedure in the emergency department. However, researcher should select some medical
professionals as well because they can also give detail about the condition of ladies those who
face pain of miscarriage.
3. Were the participants adequately described?
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Yes/no
Explain- Yes participants were adequately described by the scholar. Age group, their medical
condition have been described by the scholar effectively. Their pregnancy status has also been
cleared in by the researcher.
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METHODS/DATA COLLECTION
1. Outline the types of methods used to gather data (information) in this study:
Explain- Researcher has used primary sources of data collection. Scholar has taken support of
face to face interview and observation technique in order to gather in-depth information about
miscarriage women and care by emergency department. In the interview investigator has asked
open ended and close ended questions with participants so that they can share their views easily.
2. Do these methods match the chosen methodology?
Yes/no
Explain- Yes these methods were appropriate for the chosen methodology. Qualitative research
methodology focus on words (Coiro and et.al, 2014). Thus, interview can be suitable technique
for the study. Interpretive phenomenology for data analysing has been used and this is matched
with qualitative research type completely. Because by this way researcher become able to
develop themes and has analysed the data effectively.
3. Do the researchers adequately describe the setting in which the study took place?
Yes/no
Explain- Yes researcher has described the setting in which study has been taken place.
Individual has involved important elements, has raised causes of miscarriage and discussed the
situation of women while facing this critical condition (Vaioleti, 2016).
4. Do the researchers identify any personal ideas, experiences or knowledge that might
influence the study?
Yes/no
Explain- yes scholar has identified that selection of participants is very important. If there is not
proper answers then individual will fail to collect relevant information about the subject matter.
It has been experienced by the researcher that involvement of miscarriage death rate among
women, can make the study more effective.
DATA ANALYSIS
1.How was the data analysed in this study?
Explain:- Interpretive phenomenology was used by scholar in order to analyse the data. In this
technique scholar has compared and contrasted each interview in order to identify common
themes and emerged. NVivo 10 software was used by the investigator in order to identify
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pattern and themes (Coiro and et.al, 2014).
2. Is this the type of analysis one would expect for Qualitative Research?
Yes/no
Explain- Yes it is completely that type of analysis which are done in qualitative researches.
Involvement of related quarries and why this is an issue has been described in the current
investigation.
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RIGOUR
1. Did the researchers continue recruiting people to the study until data saturation was reached?
Yes/no
Explain- No researcher did not continue recruiting participants until data saturation reached.
Individual had involved specific number of respondents between age of 21 to 36, pregnant
women. They can give accurate answers of the question of researcher. Continue recruitment can
create confusion in the investigation.
2. Did the researchers collect data from more than one source? If so, what were they?
Yes/no
Explain- Researcher has collected data from observation technique, face to face interview with
participants. Both these tools were helpful in gathering in-depth information about the subject
matter (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015).
3. Did the researchers provide the participants with the opportunity to check the research
findings?
Yes/no
Explain- Yes investigator has provided opportunity to participants to check the finding.
4. Explain how the above 3 points contribute to the trustworthiness of the overall research
findings.
Explain- Data that are collected from observation and interview are authentic and true. Research
finding show that scholar has analysed the data effectively by using details significantly. Apart
from this scholar has given participants to check the findi9ng that develops trust of respondents.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
1. What were the main findings of this study?
Explain-
 It has been found that when women get news of their pregnancy at that time they feel
very happy and even their husband also feel excited but miscarriage information is
completely given shock to them.
 It has been found that at the time of difficult situation women feel lost and become very
negative.
 It was found that losing pregnancy is the emergency department is something different
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experience of other patients those who seek emergency care.
 It has been found that medical professionals behave with lack of empathy with them.
That is why women feel so dishearten that impact on their health as well as mental
status.
 It is found that most of the women do not get timely care in the emergency department
because there are lack of skilled professionals and facilities of the emergency room are
not sufficient. Medical practitioner do not give timely anaesthetists to the patients that
impacts on their health.
Illust
ration 1: issues in emergency departments
Source: (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practices, 2014)
Illustration 2: care in emergency department
Source: (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practices, 2014)
It is found that doctors give more attention on miscarriage case between 6a.m to noon. In this
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time duration women get best care but rest of the time they face issues from the medical staff
sides. Because they do no give proper attention to them that create trouble for them.
2. Are the research findings presented in a way that is consistent with qualitative research?
Yes/no
Explain- No, research findings have not been presented as in qualitative research because there
is not addition of graphs, charts etc.
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LIMITATIONS
1. What were the limitations of this study? (limitations identified by the authors and students are
both acceptable)
Explain- Researcher was not having sufficient time period for this investigation. Apart from this
lack of financial resources was another research limitation of this study. Individual has
involvement limited number of individuals as participants which was another limitation of the
present research.
2. Explain why they are limitations of the study?
Explain- In such small time duration it was very difficult for scholar to complete study on such
vast topic. Women feeling and experience are different in miscarriage cases so in such small
duration scholar can not analysis their views effectively. Apart from this, due to lack of
monitory resources individual was unable to use advanced software of data analysis.
APPLICABILITY TO CLINICAL PRACTICES
1. Briefly discuss the implications of these findings for Nursing/Midwifery practice and/or
patient care. Include a discussion about the transferability of the findings.
Explain- Findings of current investigation can impact positive on nursing or midwifery
practices because by this way medical professionals will get to know about issues faced by
women with miscarriage. It would help in identifying their condition so they will behave good
with them and will treat them effectively (Vaioleti, 2016). It will improve medical practices of
hospitals. Nurses will be able to guide them so that women take care when they are pregnant so
that cases of miscarriage can be minimized.
2. Overall, should the outcomes of this study be used to inform clinical practice?
Yes/no
Explain- yes outcome of the study can be used to inform clinical practices. By this way medical
professionals will improve services of emergency department so that they can give immediate
care to women who has experienced miscarriage.
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