Emergency Response: Roles of Services and Major Incident Analysis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of integrated emergency management, focusing on the roles and responsibilities of various emergency services including police, fire, NHS, and military. It examines the Joint Services Emergency Incident Protocol (JSEIP) and its function in determining incident severity and allocating resources. The report further explores several major incidents in the UK, such as the London train explosion, Westminster bridge attack, Manchester bombing, London Bridge and Borough Market attack, and the Van hits pedestrians outside mosque, and the Blast on London underground train, detailing the responses of the emergency services and the application of the Civil Contingencies Act and MACA. The analysis highlights the coordination and effectiveness of these services in managing and mitigating the impact of these critical events. The report emphasizes the importance of integrated approaches to ensure public safety and effective emergency response.

INTEGRATED
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
Roles and responsibility of emergency services .........................................................................3
Responsibility of JSEIP ..............................................................................................................4
Major incident .............................................................................................................................5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................7
Principles that apply for emergency response as well as recovery to normal state.....................7
Post –incident review and its impact...........................................................................................8
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10
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Task 1
Roles and responsibility of emergency services
Fire, police, NHS and Military are considered as emergency services which helps people
to stay away from hazardous condition within country.
Roles and Responsibilities of Police legislation
Policing and Crime Act, 2017 is current legislation in England, UK. Under this
legislation act police gives their emergency services in country. The main role of the police is to
protect people and government property includes controlling traffic, protection neighbourhood,
response emergency calls, arrest criminal and submits incident report on time. These overall
responsibility perform by police under current legislation act (Su and et.al., 2019). Police is not
only protected people from violence but also updates government about crime ration within
country. Police offers high safety while emergency condition to people.
Roles and Responsibilities of Fire legislation
Fire fighters also plays important role in country under fire safety legislation Act which is
implemented in 2005 in UK. Fire fighters provides their services in emergency under legislation
act. Firefighters protects people during fire condition by applying fire extinguisher instrument.
Even protects safe people when they entangle in fire building. The main goal of the firefighters
to keep safe maximize people while emergency condition. The main goal of Fire Safety Act to
rescue large group people when they entangle in fire building. They offer emergency services to
public in UK.
Roles and Responsibilities of NHS Legislation
National Health Services (NHS) plays important role in UK country because they offers
medical and health care services to people when they entrap in emergency situation. NHS plays
important responsibility for supporting people to enhance their health and well-being within
country. Health and Social Care Act is implemented in 2012 by UK's government. By the
legislation NHS offers health care safety to wide scale people when they suffer from any type of
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epidermis or disaster condition (Radianti and et.al., 2018). NHS has first priority to offer
emergency services to public in UK. According to act NHS has primary role is to prevent poor
health and enhance health condition by reducing health inequalities in public. Thus, NHS keeps
government carefree by providing good health care services to the public.
Roles and Responsibilities of Military Legislation
Military also plays important role in country who rescues people from terrorism attack
and protect people who entangles in terrorism attack. Armed Force Act is implemented in 2006
by UK's government to provide their services in emergency conditions. Military force plays
essential role within country because they have primary role to protect public from enemies and
keep their life safe as governmental property.
Responsibility of JSEIP
Joint decision model concludes overall emergency services such as fire, police, NHS and
Military services. It is basically designed to offers wide variety of emergency service to public so
that they live concern free from any type of hazardous. To analyses responsibility of JSEIP in
country there are several factors such as:
M - Major incident declared
It indicates that JSEIP identifies incident that it is major or minor. For example when a
girl fails from cycle that directly indicates that it is minor incident which doesn't require support
of JSEIP (Chuang and et.al., 2016). Another situation when a tractor is crash with car that is
major incident which requires JSEIP services. Thus, JSEIP determines major incident in UK's
country.
E – Exact Location
By this factor determines which is the exact location where incident takes places. It is
important factor where JSEIP takes decision that where should go to deal with situation.
T – Types of incident
JSEIP identify that which type incident happen in that location. Incident can be epidermic
attack, fire attack, terrorism attack and crime attack. Thus, JSEIP takes decision which service is
necessary for handling situation.
H – Hazardous present or suspected
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It is another factor where JSEIP determines that any hazardous is present or suspected. It
is crucial for example when terrorism attack happen, in that state requires high force to control
situation.
A – Access routes
It is also one of the most important factor where JSEIP determines that in which route
they choose for going that are safe to use.
N- Number, type, severity of causalities
It is also used by JSEIP determines that how many people are suffered from hazardous
situation. For example, terrorism attack happen in that JSEIP estimates ratio of people who traps
in this situation.
E – emergency services present or requires
This factor helps JSEIP to determine that which type of emergency case take place ijn
exact location. For example, if there is epidermis attack as result requires NHS services. If there
is terrorism attacks that needs military services (Guo and et.al., 2018). Thus, JSEIP takes
decision and offers emergency services on the basis of situation.
Military Aid to Civil Authorities (MACA)
It is the collective term that is used by the Ministry of defence of the government of UK.
It is similar like police, NHS or other local authorities and offers supports and help to the public.
Armed forces provide defence services to the public from major hazardous. MACA call up by
the government in emergency cases such as bomb attack and others. MACA is also known as
Major Emergency Management Legislation.
Civil Contingencies Act
It is category 1 responders are those organizations that includes local authorities, police
forces, fire services, NHS, environment agency and ambulance services. it sets roles and
responsibilities for the public services so that individuals can perform their roles effectively.
CAt1
It is first category emergency service that offers ambulance services to those people who
needs immediate innervation such as cardiac or respiratory arrest patients. CAt1 is the
emergency service that are classified as life-threatening and needs immediate intervention. The
main responsibility of Cat1 is to offer ambulance calling services to those people who suffers
from life-threatening and emergency innervation.
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Major incident
The London train explosion is the major incident because there side continuously five
terror incident takes place In the UK in 2017 (Jason Hanna, 2017. Where public service
departments play essential role to deal with situations. Incidents are-
Westminster bridge vehicle attack and stabbing
It was terrorist attack which took place outside the palace of Westminster in London
where a 52 year person drove car into the south side of Westminster bridge and injured more
than 50 people. To handle this situation provides safety services by the police. Police force
covers that area and stay away other public who fear from that incident. On the other hand,
National health service (NHS) performed major role to handle situation. They gave ambulance
facilities to injured people and gave consolation to their family. NHS took overall injured people
and provided primary health care services such as to heal minor wounds and provided
medication to minor injured public. NHS provided hospital services to critically injured people
and admitted them directly in ICU. Thus, NHS performed major role within incident. On the
other hand, Police force investigated overall incident which occurred in British parliament. They
reached in hospital to gather information about incident so that they could access to reach. Thus,
both police force and NHS played important role in this incident.
Manchester bombing
It was another suicidal bombing attack which took place in Manchester Arena, UK on 22
march 2017. This incident occurred when Ariana Grande concert was going on and large number
of public was presented with their families. Estimated 22 people including children as well were
killed in this terror attack. Military force, Fire force and NHS took place at incident spot to
control the situation. For example, Fire fighters saved people who trapped in fire building
because concert was organized in a building. While Military force provided safety to those
people who scared from bombing incident and other military forces caught people who did
bombing public place. Apart from this, they took out those people who got die in bombing
incident. National Health Services (NHS) forces gave first aid to people who injured in incident
and required medical services. Police forces kept people away who became panic to see this
incident or their families. Police force investigated that who committed this attack and what time
this incident took place. Thus, situation was over controlled by four forces i.e. fire fighters,
military forces, NHS and police force.
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London bridge and borough market attack
It was terrorist vehicle ramming and stabbing which took place in London, England . It
was major incident which is committed by Islamists they are motivated by Islamic state. This
attack killed estimated 8 people and injured more than 40 people. Where police force played
essential role because they caught that person who actually committed but that Islamist was
running so shotted out by police in their defence. Thus, police force performed effectively
because they gave protection to those people who could become part of this incident. While
military forces gave protection to people by taking away from the incident spot. Apart from this
they took those people who killed in attack and sent them for post-mortem. While NHS group
gave consolation to their families and provided first aid services to injured people who could
safe. NHS gave their services to injured people by offering primary care like banding and
medication and foods. Thus, this incident also handled by forces and protected large group of
public.
Van hits pedestrians outside mosque
It is another attack which occurred intentionally by person who drove a van into group of
pedestrians those attended late night Ramadhan prayer in London's Finsbury Park Mosque. In
this incident, a person killed and more than 11 people were injured critically. Police force and
NHS group played essential role in this incident. Police forces covered that place because most
of the people scared and panic due to situation. Police investigated about the incident like when
happen and who were involved. Even they called up ambulance to take injured people. NHS
group came to incident spot and offered primary care services to injured people who became part
of this incident. They informed their families as well that they came to place and took injured
people.
Blast on London underground train
It was considered major incident of UK because train was blast. It took place in the
Parson Green Station , London. There side more than 50 people were burned and rest were
affected minor. Police force, military force, NHS group and Fire fighters played effective role in
this emergency case. Fire fighters Took their position on that incident place and covered train
boogies where large number of people trapped out or got injured by fire. They controlled on
firing training by using extinguisher and saved large number of people who trapped in train.
While military force went in that train when got blast and took out killed people who got burned
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by fire. On the other NHS group provided nursing care services to injured people and called up
their family to took them at home. Critically injured people who burned completely took them in
hospitals for treatment. Police force kept people away who scared to see this incident and took
informatics from injured people who was part of this incident.
Thus overall forces such as NHS, military, police and fire fighters played effective role in
overall incidents and performed their duties well-formed.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Chuang, D.E.N.G and et.al., 2016. Research on Integrated Emergency Response Mode of Power
Enterprise. DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business and Management, (icem).
Guo, Y and et.al., 2018. Estimating Added Values of the Integrated Emergency Response
System for Airport Accident: Improved Responsiveness and Increased Service
Capacity. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018.
Radianti, J and et.al., 2018. Co-Designing a Virtual Training Tool for Emergency Management.
In ISCRAM.
Su, D and et.al., 2019. Does county-level medical centre policy influence the health outcomes of
patients with trauma transported by the emergency medical service system? An
integrated emergency model in rural China. International journal of environmental
research and public health. 16(1). p.133.
Hasse, D and et.al., 2018. COORDINATING EMERGENCY RESPONSE BY COMPETENT
TEAMS. IADIS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 13(1). pp.33-51.
World Health Organization, 2017. Emergency response framework (ERF).
Astill, S and et.al., 2019. Reconceptualising'community'to identify place-based disaster
management needs in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Emergency Management,
The. 34(1). p.48.
Online
Jason Hanna. 2017. The London train explosion is the latest of 5 terror incidents in 2017 in the
UK. [Online]. Available. Through:- <https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/15/world/uk-
terror-events-2017/index.html>
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