Emergent Leadership for the Workplace: Roles, Styles, and Analysis

This report delves into the concept of emergent leadership, examining leadership roles, responsibilities, and various leadership styles, including autocratic, democratic, transformational, and laissez-faire. It explores leadership theories such as behavioral theory and their impact on workplace dynamics. The report then provides a critical analysis of Whitbread Plc's annual report, comparing and contrasting the leadership approaches and styles that could be implemented by the CEO. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership models within the organizational context, offering insights into effective leadership strategies for the company. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of leadership principles and their practical application in a real-world business setting.

Emergent Leadership
For The Workplace

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1. Leadership roles and responsibilities with respect to leadership styles and theories .............3
2. Critically analyse the annual report of Whitbread company and compare & contrast the
leadership theory & style in organizational context....................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
.......................................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Emergent leadership is also a types of leadership where team members does not elected
for the role of leadership. It will be automatically developed over the time period through regular
interaction with group members. In current scenario, organizations focus on those types of
leaders which create value for the organizations (Gordon and et.al., 2015). It include those
people who does not assigned by the top management or higher authoritative people. These are
those individuals who perform informal leadership role and it is will be appreciated by the team
members. Every leaders required some skills which make them efficient leader in their field.
Leaders should be passionate, have a dream, vision regarding to make society better etc. Without
any passion, leader unable to take any decisions or do not have courage to take any action
regarding any situation. An effective leaders should have various skills which attract their
followers such as communication, awareness about business activities or social activity, should
be creative thinker, motivator etc.
These skills helps the leaders to perform their task in well manner or make them able to
achieve their goals & objectives. This project report based on the Whitbread Plc which is UK
based British multinational hotel & restaurant company. It is founded in 1742 by Samuel
Whitbread and they serve many areas such as China, Dubai, Europe, India, Russia, UK and
Ireland. This assessment cover various topics such as role & responsibility of leadership in the
different styles and critically evaluate the its strength as well as weakness of leadership theories
& models in context of the organization. In addition, it include the critical analysis of Whitbread
annual report of 2018 and compare & contrast the leadership style & approaches which can be
followed by the CEO of Whitbread company.
MAIN BODY
1. Leadership roles and responsibilities with respect to leadership styles and theories
The process of leadership involves motivating the group or individual to act and work
accordingly so as to accomplish the common goal. This process directs, influence as well as
decides the behaviour and ability of an executive to work efficiently and effectively in the
provided situation and time (Mast and Latu, 2016). The quality of leadership enables the high
authority employees and managers to induce the juniors and subordinate with positive thoughts
and zeal. Such type of leaders are required in every organisation to develop and predict future

goals and visions, and to motivate other employee in such a way that they collectively organise
the work in the most profitable manner. The characteristic of leadership are discussed below.
 Influencing and guiding the workers to attain a specific aim requires such inter personal
process and skills in the manger of an enterprise.
 The qualities and abilities like maturity, influencing personality and intelligence should
be incorporated in ideal leader.
 Such process requires a group or at least two people communicating with each other on
daily basis, thus the operation of leadership refers to a group process (Rathore, Chadha
and Rana, 2017).
 The way of tacking provided situation and problems in most unique and creative way, is
one of the characteristic of leadership and such type of qualities are present in the
leaders of Whitbread Public Limited Company.
Roles of leadership
Leadership function being the most important part in motivating and providing guidance,
the roles of leader play crucial role in fulfilling the needs and task, some roles are mentioned
below.
Mandatory at all level: Leadership is a process which is required at each and every level
of management. At highest level, the function is required to get cooperation from subordinates
for successful planning in making desirable policies and plans. At middle or lower stage, it is
necessary for executing and actually implementing the plans and the policies which are
formulated and framed by top level authorities.
Representative of whole enterprise: The manager, that is the leader has been considered
to be the actual representative of organisation. The role of leader is to present the concerns and
ideas related to the future vision and present issues in seminars and meetings so as to pass along
the rationale of the company to the outer public in order to enhance the reputation and funding
for the organisation (Simms, 2016).
Proper guide and philosopher: An ideal leader should posses traits which make the
employee more comfortable in an environment. Such individual must be a friend, so that the
workers can share their feelings, ideas and desires with them easily. The manager should be a
philosopher, who can share their experience and knowledge with the existing associates to make
them understand the way work is being done in given time framework. The person should be a

guide, who supervise and interact with the working companion about the policies and plans of
high level management authorities to achieve aims.
Responsibilities of the leadership
The leaders in business have various number of responsibilities which may vary from
training, guiding, hiring, mentoring in the associates. Common and specific responsibilities may
range according to the scale and type of organisation. Some key responsibilities of leaders are
discussed below.
Encouragement: Strong leaders build such workplace temperament by boosting and
encouraging the employee. Such purpose can be achieved by assisting them at the time of need
professionally and help the workers in acquiring pre existing objectives and aims (D’Cruz and
Noronha, 2017). The manager must provide clear feedbacks at the period of poor performance
and evaluate the speed and quality of work being offered by the associates.
Conflict management: One of the responsibility of leader is to resolve the disputes and
conflicts which raise between workers and colleagues. The power comes with duties like to listen
to the opinions and concerns of employee and analyse the situation by observing the issue
minutely. They also solve the problems between customers and workers, ensuring smooth and
effective servicing.
Supervision: Another key responsibility of the manager is to supervise the functioning
and working of the staff, such practice include categorising tasks, making plans, developing flow
charts and presentations to clearly define the aspect of objective conferred. They help in getting
access to the resources and necessary tools which are required to complete the pre defined
content in provided time and confined workplace.
Such responsibilities and others like keeping associates in disciplined way and mentoring
the staff by decently communication are present in the leaders of Whitbread plc.
Leadership styles
The leadership style defines as the method or approach by which the leaders provide
path, guide people and take actions to implement plans are per the requirements. Different
authors have derived various leadership styles of leaders in business and other field to
demonstrate the way of working during difficult and challenging time (Kakar, 2017). Few
leadership styles have been explained below.

Autocratic leadership style: Such style has been considered as a powerful one
dimensional style of leadership which provide immense power to the leaders. In this, all the
important decisions regarding the project plans or objectives are made by the manager or boss
without consulting with any middle or lower class staff members. The decisions made by them
are then communicated to other associates and then they work according to the operating
instructions provided. The leader in this type of style has the prime power in making decisions. It
has been observed that high and developed organisation can not sustain on their own if they
follow such type of style and tends to lose employee rate as well as sort the reputation of
organisation down.
Democratic leadership style: The democratic style of leadership is more cooperative in
nature where the managers while making any critical and important decisions they always
involve the subordinates. It has been observed that the enterprise that have experienced and
intelligent staff members, such leadership style works well for them and leads in smooth
functioning (Webster, 2016). The style ensure that the communication is flowing in all direction
and all the members of organisation actively participate, which is determined as a key factor in
any successful business. This type of style has been also called as participative leadership and
demand leaders to be competent, skilled, innovative and considerate.
Transformational leadership style: This style has been advised as the most convincing
and desirable way, this style works in a manner to build high quality work culture through
efficient and strong interaction within the team members. Moreover, it has been seen that
building such type of environment demands a high level of strategic view and creative
stimulation in respect to alter some features in an individual or in the organisation itself. The
leadership requires to set high scale objectives with rigid and straight deadlines, work in
collaborative way so as to execute and accomplish the aims and objective at the given period of
time and resources provided. In this way, the expectations and demands which are set by the
leaders are challenging and assist in achieving extraordinary and productive results in the
provided set of rules and standards.
Laissez - Faire leadership style: The actual meaning of this French word is 'let it be'. In
this type of leadership, the designated mangers and boss allot the roles and responsibilities to the
appropriate staff members according to their abilities and then let them perform their daily task
on their own with least or no interruptions (Carter, 2018). Such style provide extreme scope for

creativity and innovation as new and dedicated mind work on a common or specific goal. This
style has been observed to best suited in the team who have experienced as well as self analysing
individuals, who usually does not require high level of guidance and supervision and can stay
motivated on their own. Such styles are more successful in start ups where no prior policies and
guidelines are made and organisation initially focus on accomplishing aims without any type of
deadlines. Such style, though have been proved to empower the team members, but it sometimes
controls and limits the growth opportunities and development of the company.
Democratic and transformational leadership styles may be implemented and monitored in
Whitbread plc enterprise for smooth functioning and operation. Such style makes the employee
work democratically and such style works in a mode to generate high and thriving work culture
through efficacy and strong interaction within the associated staff members.
Leadership theories
Some of the theories of leadership that elaborates different aspects of the leaders which
are involved in enhancing the style of leadership in the high level managers and authorities for
proper and cost-effective working in the staff members of Whitbread Public Limited Company.
Few theories of leadership have been detailed below.
Behavioural theory of leadership: This is one of the crucial theory of leadership as this
focus on the behavioural of an individual. This theory is helpful for providing the framework to
leaders in order to enhance their leadership style as well as skills. It has been identified that
performance of employees is majorly dependent upon the behavioural of leader. It is essential of
an leader to understand as well as identify or study about employees behaviour in order to
motivate them and make them complete the task which are provided. Behavioural theory of
leadership is classified into two major parts such as Ohio State University and University of
Michigan (Charlier and et.al., 2016). The theory lays emphasis on collaboration and encourages
the value of leadership styles. It supports collective decision making and developing a dedicated
team to consider and support the desires and needs of the employees, by aligning and giving
objectives of group depending upon the potentiality. It basically assist mangers in monitoring
and analysing the behaviour style which affects the bond with the staff members and promotes
participation towards the aims of enterprise.
The trait theory: This type of leadership theory revolves around the fact that the each and
every individual is born with certain types of traits and qualities, which later aids later in

achieving and standing apart in the role of leadership. The qualities and skills such as innovation,
intelligence, creativity, influencing personality, philosopher, confidence, charisma, honesty,
energy, flexibility, tenacity, deep knowledge about the work, integrity and dignity which has the
ability to make any person a good leader (King and et. al., 2019). Such theory mainly identifies
the characteristics of behaviour which are ordinary and present in all leaders. This theory is one
of the first leadership theory that tries to clarifies that why some of the people are good leaders
while others are not. Under right situation, any person can with such successful qualities can be a
leader, on the basis of the leadership style the personality type can be determined.
Transactional leadership theory: This theory is often used by the managers, and directs
on organising, maintaining and planning the processes in management. The transactional theory
consists of encouraging and directing the employees initially through certain and promising
processes which involve self interest. Such power comes from the earlier working employees
which were formal and has more responsibility in the organisation. It has been observed that the
key role of the followers are to obey and conform the instructions of the leaders and short time
planning is considered for attaining the goal in more clear and precise way. The process of
motivating and encouraging the associates can be enhanced by providing suitable rewards at the
time of achievement and must be punished at the time of wrong doings and criticism. Such type
of theory provide clear and achievable goals at the time of short term planning. The effectiveness
of the transactional theory increases at the time of production and lowering the cost, thereby
ensuring cost-effective methods (Carnabuci, Emery and Brinberg, 2018). Such advantage is due
to the fact that this theory involves the use of short term goals. This theory does not encourage
creativity and innovativeness as it is rigid and can not bend according to the changing principles,
such activity hampers the skills of the employees. The rigid structured policies make leaders
harder to induce alteration in the existing aims and objectives.
2. Critically analyse the annual report of Whitbread company and compare & contrast the
leadership theory & style in organizational context
With the help of annual report of Whitbread, it has been critically evaluated that company
performing well in the UK market. Whitbread Plc is the British multinational hospitality sector
organization and its headquarter situated in Houghton Regis Bedfordshire, United Kingdom.
This company currently division in Premier Inn that is largest UK based hotel brand and it has
more than 785 hotels with 72,000 rooms. In 2019 it owned by the Costa Coffee and further it is

sold to The Coca Cola Company. Whitbread include the chain of restaurant which includes Table
Table, Brewers Fayre and Beefeater. It is listed in London Stock Exchange and constituted of the
FTSE 100 index (Annual Report of Whitbread, 2018). Vision of Whitbread company is to
provide best budget hotel in the world and provide best quality services to their guest in order to
maximise the value of their money. Company follow the unique business model such as vertical
integrated model that means they deliver the best services which enhance customer experience.
Whitbread company invest in business for the purpose of high returns, profitable sites,
innovation which provide the various growth opportunity (Rose and Gordon, 2015). They
entered in the international market and their Premium Inn joint site model provide the high
efficiency as well as returns. Premier Inn is the operational expansion of Whitbread company in
the UK & German. After January they returned the money of £ 380 million to the shareholders
through buyback programme. Around £ 190 millions if saving will be delivered to data from
efficient program. It is the great opportunity for the shareholders to sell their shares and it return
they get the £ 2 billion by using this method.
In order to focus on hotel business, sales of Costa provide the opportunity to the
Whitbread expand their market share in the hotel industry. In February 2019, company
announced that they have potential around 110,000 rooms in Premier Inn UK and 60,000 in
Germany. It clearly mentioned that Premier Inn has well established business in UK where
Germany is on the starting point. Company recently open their new hotel in Hamburg but the
core strategy is to grow their business in the UK market. Revenue of the company in 2017-18
was £ 2007.4 Million which increases in the next year and reached at 2049.1 million. In 2018,
operating profit of Whitbread company was £ 467.2 million which decreases and remain £ 294.1
million. Tax expenses also reduces and at the end net profit of the company for the year of 2019
was £ 3730.6 million and in 2018 it was £ 436.4 million. In the income statement, rental changes
of the lease will be replaced with the depreciation of new assets and interest on lease liability. It
will further impact the reporting measurements of the Whitbread which include the operational
profit where pre interest as well as profit before tax increases and decrease the disproportionate
the value of interest which is applied on the starting of lease.
During the year, Whitbread delivered the robust financial performance because of
continuous performance. Group revenue of the company is around £ 2049 million that is 2.1%
and profit before tax increases by 1.2% that is £ 438 million. These changes will occur due to

contribution of new hotel which helps in maximising overall revenue of the company. In
addition, with the help of various efficiency programme, business able to off set cost inflation
which reduce the overall finance cost. Statuary profit of the company reduces by 39.1% that is £
260 million from £ 178 million of some underlying items. Such as disposal cost of the Costa sale
and return on capital still maintain the strong position through maintaining 12.2% return which is
good premium for the cost of capital of Whitbread.
UK market face lot of challenges due to uncertainty in the domestic market which impact
the overall planning as well as spending of the company. Premier company was affected the most
because of high regional presence and high proportion of domestic customers in comparison to
the competitors. Whitbread focus on empowering their people through delivering high standard
of quality service to their customers (Edwards and et.al., 2015). Along with this, they provide the
great job opportunity to the people along with potential training which helps in maximising the
overall outcomes. There are some financial highlights which provide better understanding
regarding financial performance of the company. Brand performance will be classified as:
Premier Inn performances decreases from 32.7 to 31.4 for the period of 2017 - 18 to 2018 - 19.
Restaurant performance increases from the duration of 2017 - 18 to 2018-19 from 51.6% pts to
55.6% pts. In addition, Costa performance also reduces from 49.3% pts to 46.6% pts for the
same period. By using Robust measurement system, organization able to measure the
performance on the basis of customer rating and it is also based on other brands & their
recommendations. In order to measure each brand performance they follow YouGov
BrandIndex for Premier Inn and for Restaurants & Costa they implement net recommended
guest survey. Growth of the company also reduces because in 2017 - 18 they grow 4565 and in
2018 - 19 it was 4008. These figures helps in analysis the overall progress so management need
to formulate some effective strategy after analysing all the figures. That's why measurement of
the annual growth will help the Whitbread to take necessary steps in order to improve it. After
critical analysis of the Whitbread company, management should focus on the expansion of hotel
business which provide great revenue and in future it has great opportunity. In order to achieve
their goals & objectives they need to motivate internal people as per the requirement or
maximise the overall revenue of the company.
In the above report there are various leadership style and approaches discussed which
followed by the organization in order to improve their operational performance (Garcia, 2015).

Autocratic leadership style which is one of the result oriented leadership which helps the
business to maximise their final output and complete their task before deadline. If CEO of
Whitbread follow this style then they have to give clear instructions to their staff members
regarding their work. As well as employees obey the instruction without asking any questions.
Basically, it is a dominating kind of leadership style where subordinates just have to follow the
command it has various benefits as well as limitations as well. It increases the capability of
Whitbread to achieve their desired goals on time but it will impact the employer or employee
relationship. But in order to perform long run in the market, business need to build strong
relation with their employees for effective performance. Democratic leadership style help the
company to maximise the participation of employees in the business activities. It is the most
common style which followed by the organizations (D’Cruz and Noronha, 2017). By using
democratic leadership style, CEO Whitbread able to increase employees participation to build
their relation more stronger but it can delay the operational activities because whole team will
take more time to take any decision in comparison to single person.
On the other hand, there are various leadership styles as well such as transformational or
Laissez – Faire leadership style. In the transformational leadership style leaders motivate or
encourage the employees to innovate or generate new idea for the business which provide them
success. CEO of Whitbread can follow this leadership style where they encourage their staff
members to give valuable suggestions which helps them to maximise their overall revenue.
Company focus on customers so they need to generate new ideas that how they will satisfy their
guest through providing effective services. On the other side, Laissez - Faire leadership style is
used by those organizationals which distribute the roles & responsibility as per the potential of
individual employee. It is generally implemented in the small start ups because they does not
have any previous policy or standards so they just perform to achieve their aim. CEO of
Whitbread implement the democratic as well as transformational leadership style which is
beneficial for them through increasing employees participation which provide the suitable
solutions with the help of open discussion among the members (Skovholt, 2015). As well as,
with the help of transformational leadership style they encourage staff members to involve in the
organisational activities and provide innovative ideas for the success of the company.
Along with this, there are various leadership approaches which followed by the managers
of Whitbread company. It include the various theories such as behavioural, trait or transactional

theory which further beneficial for the leaders to perform their actions accordingly. If leaders of
Whitbread implement this approach then they should focus on how leaders behave or they
assume that they are made rather than born. This theory based on the specific behaviour of the
leaders which impact the functional activities of the company. It is not suitable for the company
to just focus on single trait, because leaders should have multi tasking and talented as well which
can handle work pressure, perform task, motivate etc. Along with this, trait theory is the early
assumption that leaders are born along with some specific qualities (Kakar, 2017). It includes
various traits such as honestly, self confidants, communication, determination etc. At the time of
formulating any leaders in the organization they have to ensure that, relevant traits should
acquire in the leaders which is beneficial for the business to achieve desired goals & objectives.
CEO of Whitbread “Alison Brittain” provide some suggestions that how to become good or
effective leader who maximise the performance of their business. Leaders should have to ask
questions before doing any task and it will be possible under the democratic leadership style
because in the autocratic they just have to obey the instructions of their superiors. They have to
be real not fake because in the autocratic leaders said every thing on face so people become
judgemental for the them. As a leader of Whitbread, CEO have to be face many challenges
where employees criticise but it is important to manage their work life.
In addition, they need to stay away from those people who always said yes or appreciate
their work or decisions. Leaders has to perform with those people who provide them genuine
response or suggest them for the importune. Because in the organizations, people always wanted
to make their superior happy through giving false statements or appropriations. So they need to
make distance from those people which is not beneficial for the business and it become barrier in
front of organizational success. CEO of Whitbread has confidence which influence the followers
and force them to listen which encourage them to improver their productivity as well as
profitability (Webster, 2016). Along with this, CEO of the company also ensure that when they
hire new people in the organization, then they have to provide them suitable training which helps
in improving their efficacy as well as effectiveness. In the current scenario of business
environment, every organization should follow any leadership style in order to enhance the
overall performance of the business. So managers of Whitbread company implement the
democratic as well as transformational leadership style. It helps them to motivate their staff
members, encourage them to increases their involvement in the business activities with the help

of open discussion of team members regarding any issues. Through implementing transformation
style of leadership, company able to push the limits of employees to think creative or provide
innovative ideas which helps in improving their operational activities or provide the success
(Frank and et.al., 2017). By implementing these leadership styles Whitbread able to maximise
the productivity of their workforce which provide the huge success as well as growth in the
business through increasing revenue or achieving their business goals & objectives. It also
increase the ability to get success in the work pressure because leaders provide confidence to
their followers as well as guide them, that how to perform and encourage them at each step.
Effective leadership will increase the emotional intelligence of employees so they able to
perform in critical situations as well. A leader has charisma which influence the people or make
them able to understand which motivate them to improve individual performance that is
beneficial for the business to maximise revenue as sales of the company. By using suitable
leadership style will raise the confidence of staff members or it will increase their efficiency to
perform or provide desired results. In order to lead the entire team as well as operational
activities they should have listening or communication skills which positively impact the
business. So companies should ensure that their leaders have these skills which help in
communicating internal issues or build effective relationship with others (Klag, Jansen and Lee,
2015). Communication maintain the good relationship among the different department which
helps in running business smoothly or reduce the error from the operations which is important to
identify. In context of CEO of Whitbread, they should follow various leadership styles or
appraisees that is beneficial for the company and in result they maximise the productivity as well
as profitability. Along with this, it helps the business to achieve their desired goals & objectives.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that leadership is very essential for the
organizations to manage their overall performance in order to maximise productivity as well as
profitability. It further helps in achieving organizational goals & objectives through
implementing various leadership styles & approaches. It include various leadership styles such as
democratic, autocratic, transformational etc. these are the common leadership which followed by
the leaders or managers in order to improve the overall performance as well as productivity of
an individual. It further motive the employees regarding their work or make them able to perform
well in order to achieve organizational goals & objectives. Democratic leadership is the most

common one which followed by the leaders in order to make good relation with their employees
and ensure that they give their 100% to achieve their task. Along with this, there are various
leadership theories which helps the business to understand that which types of leaders they
required to complete their task or maximise the revenue of the company or provide the suitable
growth.

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Online

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