Emerging and Disruptive Technologies: Analysis and Case Studies

This report delves into the realm of emerging and disruptive technologies, exploring their potential impact across various sectors. It begins with an executive summary that highlights the core concepts of sustaining versus disruptive technologies, emphasizing the latter's transformative potential. The report then provides an in-depth analysis of technologies like additive manufacturing, advanced robotics, and digital manufacturing, examining their role in reshaping industries and the global landscape. It also explores the influence of cultural and geographical factors on technology adoption and diffusion. The research section further investigates the characteristics of disruptive technologies, including how they displace existing technologies or create entirely new markets. Case studies, such as those of North Korea and Israel, illustrate real-world applications and implications. The report also touches upon the use of force and disruptive weapons. Overall, the report considers the factors that contribute to technology disruption and the potential barriers to their widespread adoption, offering a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field.

Running head: EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Name of the Student
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Author Note

2EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Executive Summary
In recent age, different technology can be implemented in various areas in order to gain
competitive advantage from it. In order to gain advantage, the technology is directly lending
their focus towards the concept of cloud computing. Any technology can be broadly
classified into two sectors namely sustaining technology and disruptive technology. The main
aim of the report is focusing on the disruptive technology. A technology cannot be merely
termed as destructive, destructive can be termed if and only if the technology has some sort
of technological problem or threats on other technology. Taking into consideration the
concept of sustainable technology, the technology mainly relies on the sector of incremental
improvements taking into account already established technology. The factors relating to the
technology to be termed destructive are mainly discussed in the report, their overall effect on
the environment as well as on other technology are the main concern sectors. In order to
complete the overall learning few points are mainly emphasized such as catalyst, enhancer,
Morphers etc.

3EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Analysis......................................................................................................................................5
Geographical and influence of culture.......................................................................................7
Research.....................................................................................................................................8
Case study................................................................................................................................10
Argument..................................................................................................................................11
Use of force..............................................................................................................................12
Disruptive weapons..................................................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................14

4EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
The recent age, technologies have mainly disrupted or transformed both the
commerce as well as the environment. Few example that can be taken into consideration are
the world wide web, amazon, tablets and google. The most important phenomenon which
played a very vital role is the technology of the cloud computing. Likewise taking into
consideration a view of a different field, in the laboratory automation, medicine, computers,
monoclonal antibodies, immunoassay can be considered as example of technology which are
considered disruptive technology. Currently, there are many potentially and emerging
technology which can be termed disruptive that could possess threat of direct displacing a
technology which is established. The technology can lead to a major change in the field of
economy as well as commerce. The concept of the technology can be sub divided into two
parts namely sustaining and disruptive 1. The sustainable technology mainly relies on the
incremental improvements taking into consideration an already established technology. On
the other hand, the disruptive technology lacks the part of the refinement, they are often
encountered with the problem of performance due to the factor that it is new, direct appealing
to an audience which are limited and may not have been proven problematic in the field of
application. Taking into consideration a case study it can be stated that the concept of
Alexander Graham Bells’ electric speed machine which is now better known as call the
telephone can be considered as one of the best example. Another term which can be directly
be related with the concept is the term digital disruption. It can be referred to as a flip side of
the digital opportunity 2.
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parliamentary war powers and European participation in the 2003 Iraq War. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(1),
87–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836714545687

5EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
In this essay the main concept which is taken into consideration is the concept of the
disruptive and the emerging technologies. On the other hand, relating to the concept the use
of disruptive weapons in the aspect of changing the use of the force are also taken into
consideration in the discussion.
Analysis
This section mainly focuses on the analysis of the emerging and disruptive technology
which are very much likely to play a role in the near future. These technological aspects may
include:
Additive manufacturing: This technology is under the focus of the researchers and
under the research sector for more than 30 years, initially with the point of view of tool
related to rapid technology 3. Development in the sector of additive manufacturing are very
much likely to create a new field of application that will have a significant impact on the
methods which are related to the traditional manufacturing.
Advanced Robotics: An example of primary successful application of the industrial robotics
is in the field of automotive manufacturing. The concept intensively uses the concept of the
robots that are extensively implemented in the process of welding, painting process and
material handling 4. The new and the advanced robotics will be increasingly in the
implementation in the precision of the concept of the assembly and manufacturing and even
in the sector of human robotics environment which can be beyond the scope of manufacturing
5.
3 Ang, J. (2015). Technologizing War and Peace. Peace Review, 27(4), 469–476.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2015.1094338
4 Hess, G. R. (2015). Vietnam Explaining America’s lost war. Cold War History.
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5 Mirsky, S. (2016). The War by Science. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 315(2), 76.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0816-76

6EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Digital manufacturing: Recent advances in the concept of the digital design, simulation and
engineering have involved in a transformational impact on the enterprise which are related to
the manufacturing. The experimental approach and the traditional experiential approach in
order to develop the product, validation and the manufacturing process design, supply
network development and the factory automation are being replaced by the concept of highly
digital threats which are efficient 6. This approach can be considered to be very much
efficient. In order to conduct the analysis, the nature of the disruptive technology should be
taken into consideration. The concept of the nature which is related to the disruptive
technology can be divided into three parts namely changing the global landscape, effect of
the education of the future generation and the attributes which are related to the disruptive
technology.
The concept of changing the global landscape the global economy continued to be
fuelled by quickly flow of information, swiftly knowledge generation and the myriad
application found for this knowledge and information. The new global economy is mainly
characterized by the increased uncertainty, flexibility and the openness and the choices all of
these majorly impact the lifestyle, business model, the environment which is related to the
working, the educational system and the national security 7. On the global scale the
population increase with the manpower being on the lower end and a lower cost is becoming
the continual goal of all the operation, making the consistency increased which is related to
the productivity a target which is relentless. Another shift in the paradigm occur when the off
shore operation which is related to the US corporations, whose initial function was the
manufacturing. The concept has majorly changed to the scientific research and the
6 Bas, M. A., & Coe, A. J. (2012). Arms Diffusion and War. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 56(4), 651–674.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002712445740
7 Sylvester, C. (2012). War Experiences/War Practices/War Theory. Millennium: Journal of International
Studies, 40(3), 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829812442211

7EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
technological development. On the other hand, the Effect of the education of the future
generation: education is another very much important aspect of the ground work for the
disruptive technology which can be considered 8.
Geographical and influence of culture
This area of the analysis mainly includes not only the aspect of the geographical and
cultural influence but also take into consideration the concept of the influence it has beyond
the boundary. On the other hand, the influence of the stemming from the aspect pf the
demographic that is globally impacted by the technology savvy youth. Each of these
dimensions may serve to impede the development and the aspect of the diffusion of the
technology which is taken into consideration 9. Taking into consideration each of the
dimensions may serve to accelerate, to impede the development and the diffusion of a given
technology.
Historically there has been a concern for the stemming from the concept of the
geopolitical influence in the areas of where transparency is minimal due to the factor of the
intentional disregard for the international disregard for the international convention’s or the
norms 10. For example, although many nations have majorly accepted limitations on the use
of the biological and the weapons which are chemical in nature, there is no such guarantee
that can be taken into consideration that the state of the United States will not encounter such
weapon on the future battle ship. Other techniques which can be considered to be symmetric
made it very much possible by the technology which are merging may fall to fall into this
category 11.
8 De Rond, M., & Lok, J. (2016). Some things can never be unseen: The role of context in psychological injury
at war. In Academy of Management Journal (Vol. 59, pp. 1965–1993). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0681
9 Marshall, A. (2016). From civil war to proxy war: past history and current dilemmas. Small Wars and
Insurgencies, 27(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2015.1129172
10 Creative, A. (2016). Total War. Total War, 1461–1462. Retrieved from https://www.totalwar.com/
11 Bauer, M., Blattman, C., Chytilová, J., Henrich, J., Miguel, E., & Mitts, T. (2016). Can War
FosterCooperation? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(3), 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.3.249

8EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Research
There are mainly two types of technology that can be termed as disruptive
technologies. One type majorly displaces the incumbent technology in the transition phase
during which the users adopts the new technology over a pre-defined time period. An early
example of this was the major transition from the buggy to the horse to the automobile. The
latter concept revolutionized disruption and transportation not only in the sphere of older
transportation but also in the field of several ancillary means 12. The second class of the
disruptive technology creates a market or the capability when none of it ever existed. One of
the example of this class is the personal computer. Before the invention of the computer, the
services which are related to the computation are only available for the organisation of larger
scale, institution and government sectors. The major key outcome which can be related to the
concept when relating to the field of manufacturing as an example are:
 The flexibility is greater in order to produce the products that are very much multiscale,
multi material and multifunctional. This have been considered as a greatest characteristic
of the performance.
 Greatly reduce the time which is concerned with the marketing and the use of the
modelling which is related to the digital aspect and the simulation of the tools in order to
evaluate and plan the manufacturing processes and the design of the system and the
network system configuration.
 Significantly improve the quality and the productivity. The issue which is generated is the
issue of the labour cost and the better return on the investment in the capital.
 The high efficiency aspect which is related to the operation of the assets of the factory by
the major use of the industrial big data and the advanced data analytics.
12 Gregory, D. (2016). The Natures of War. Antipode, 48(1), 3–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12173

9EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
 The improved concept of the utilization of the resources and its material and the reduced
energy consumption process.
 A manufacturing sustainable paradigm.
While these disruptive and emerging technology are major causing significant
excitement there are also some potential barriers that can be related to it.
 Significant R & D investments are needed in order to develop these technologies. The
levels of the investment which are required is beyond what the private sector can directly
effort. Therefore, effective private and public partnership are very much essential in order
to support the R & D efforts.
 The new technology adaptation and the insertion process would be taking many years to
implement, during which the process of the co-existence of the legacy of the
manufacturing methods and the technology which are merging are expected.
 Future workforce development and the concept of the training must keep space with the
technology adoption rate. It is very much likely that the operating future manufacturing
company factories would directly require different set of skills sets than those of the
current workforce.
 The development of the disruptive manufacturing which is sophisticated may future
widen the concept gap which is between the developing country and the advanced
countries. It is very much essential to bridge the gap which is majorly caused by the
technological advancements.
 The robustness which is related to the concept of the emerging and the disruptive
technologies is expected in order to improve gradually. False expectation may lead to
affect which are detrimental on the development of the technology.

10EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
 Ultimately taking into consideration the new technology their cost effectiveness must be
addressed if they are to make impact on the field of industry related to manufacturing 13.
Case study
North Korea: The plutonium program which was initiated in the year 1985, brought into
operation a small gas cooled (carbon dioxide), moderated graphite, natural uranium (metal)
fuelled “experimental reactor of power” of about 25 MWt at Yongbyon. It exhibits all the
features of a plutonium production. This place was located on the west coast 55km north of
pyongtyang.
Israel: Israel is one of the few counties who have initiated the process of nuclear weapon. In
the year 1952 after the isreal atomic energy commission was formed and in the year 1955 the
USA agrred to supply a 5MWt pool type reactor for Nahal Soreq, south of Tel Aviv. This
IRR -1 required enriched uranium supplied to the USA. It started up in 1960 and from the
outset which is required to be under the IAEA safeguard
Libya: after the months of continuous negotiation, Libya agreed in December 2003 to halt its
process of the development of the nuclear weapon. For a tenure of more than a decade it was
engaged in the process of the development of a uranium enrichment capacity and the
construction of now dismantled pilot scale centrifuge facility.
Argument
It can be stated from the above example that the use of disruptive weapon has
changed the use of the forces. When taking into consideration whether a technology is
disruptive or not, it is very much useful to think of it as disrupt. It should be taken into
consideration that disruptive technology is impactful and the affect the other technologies. In
13 Prorok, A. K. (2016). Leader Incentives and Civil War Outcomes. American Journal of Political Science,
60(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12199

11EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
many of the cases it is not the technology that can be considered to be disruptive but on the
other and how the technology combines with the other factor or is applied can be termed as
being disruptive in nature 14. Taking into example the intercontinental ballistic missile
(ICBM) which was combined with a rocket motor, a guidance missile and a nuclear warhead.
The guided system mainly made the ICBM very much effective and disruptive. The
committee which was involved with the system mainly categorised the disruptive technology
into three distinct categories, to one of which truly every destructive technology must belong.
 Enabler: This technology mainly makes it possible one or more of the new technology,
processes or the application for example, the integrated circuit, the gene splicing, the
transistor and the cellular technology.
 Catalyst: Technology which mainly changes the rate of the technology development or
the improvement rate of one or more technology. For example, the concept of the cloud
computing and in the concept of the molecular biology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Technique for the DNA sequence amplification 15.
 Morphers: Technology which is when combined with other technology creates one or
more other new technology for example wireless technology and microprocessor.
 Enhancers: technology that mainly modifies other technology in order to cross a certain
threshold. For example, technology which are already existing such as fuel cell, lithium
ion batteries.
 Supersede: Technology that are majorly obsoletes another technology replacing the
technology it with a superior concept (faster, better, cheaper, and more capable) of
technology.
14 Marshall, A. (2016). From civil war to proxy war: past history and current dilemmas. Small Wars and
Insurgencies, 27(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2015.1129172
15 Qouta, S. R., Peltonen, K., Diab, S. Y., Anttila, S., Palosaari, E., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2016). Psychosocial
intervention and dreaming among war-affected Palestinian children. Dreaming, 26(2), 95–118.
https://doi.org/10.1037/drm0000025

12EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
 Breakthrough: Technology or discover that majorly changes a fundamental
understanding of the nature or which directly enables what had seemed nearly impossible
(if not improbable). For example, fusion power, quantum computing 16.
Use of force
The use of force in the context of the law enforcement may be directly defined as the
“amount of effort required by the police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject.
Disruptive weapons
A Destructive weapon can be termed as a weapon that can cause destruction or kill a
large amount of people epically a chemical, nuclear or biological weapon.
Conclusion
This report mainly focuses on the concept of the disruptive technologies that should
be taken into consideration. It can be stated that not all technology is destructive in nature but
the affect it has on other technology are mainly considered as destructive. The concepts such
as categories, attributes and the timelines associated with the technology are majorly taken
into consideration. These terms play a very vital role in term associated with the technology
being destructive. The timeless which is related to the deployment of the technology does not
necessarily involve time period which is very short. This concept cannot be deployed for a
technology which can be called a destructive technology. The life cycle of the technology can
be varying, with most of the technology undergoing a series of S curves of growth and the
deployment. The approach like the likelihood of a given technology disruption is also put
direct limelight in the report.
16 SAHLI, Z. T., BIZRI, A. R., & ABU-SITTAH, G. S. (2016). Microbiology and risk factors associated with
war-related wound infections in the Middle East. Epidemiology and Infection, 144(13), 2848–2857.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816000431