Employee Expectations and Job Performance Analysis in Private Sector

This report presents the findings of a study investigating the relationship between employee expectations and job performance within a private sector company. The research involved a survey of 40 employees, collecting demographic data on gender, marital status, ethnicity, age, education, salary, and length of service. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the levels of job performance and expectations. Bivariate analysis, including independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation, examined the relationships between job performance and factors such as gender, age, remuneration, work environment, and organizational culture. The study found that the majority of the respondents were married, with a relatively even distribution of gender. The study also found that employees in the 26-35 age bracket were the highest with a majority of the respondents having a SPM qualification. The report discusses the implications of these findings, including recommendations for future research, human resource practitioners, and organizations. The study concludes by highlighting its limitations and suggesting areas for further investigation to improve employee performance.

Employee’s Expectation and Its Relationship with Job Performance in Private Sector
Name
Institution
1

Table of Contents
Chapter 4..........................................................................................................................................2
4.1.0 Demographic Background of the Respondents.............................................................2
4.1.1 Gender Characteristics...............................................................................................3
4.1.2 Marital Status.............................................................................................................3
4.1.3 Ethnicity.....................................................................................................................5
4.1.4 Age.............................................................................................................................6
4.1.5 Higher Education Level.............................................................................................7
4.1.6 Monthly Salary..........................................................................................................8
4.1.7 Length of Service.....................................................................................................10
4.3 Univariate Analysis.........................................................................................................11
4.3.1 RQ1: What is the level of employees’ job performance in the organization?.........11
4.3.2 RQ2: What is the level of employees’ job expectations in the organisation?.................12
4.4 Bivariate Analysis...........................................................................................................12
4.4.1 Hypothesis testing using Independent t-test............................................................12
4.4.2 Hypothesis Testing Using One-Way ANOVA Test................................................13
4.4.3 Using Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test to test Hypothesis..............................16
4.5.0 Summary of the Research Findings.............................................................................20
4.6.0 Chapter Summary........................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5..................................................................................................................................22
5.1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................22
5.2.0 Summary of the Study.................................................................................................22
5.3.0 Discussion of the Research Findings...........................................................................23
5.3.1 H01 There is no Significant Difference in Employees’ Job Performance Based on
Gender 23
5.3.2 H02 There is no Significant Difference in Employees’ Job Performance Based on
Age 24
5.3.3 H03 There is no Relationship in between Remuneration and Employees’ Job
Performance............................................................................................................................25
5.3.4 H04 There is no Relationship in between Work Environment and Employees’ Job
Performance............................................................................................................................25
5.3.5 H04 There is no Relationship in between Organizational Culture and Employees’
Job Performance.....................................................................................................................26
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5.3.6 Summary of Discussion on Research Findings.......................................................27
5.4.0 Research Implications.................................................................................................28
5.4.1 Implication on the Applied Theory.............................................................................28
5.4.2 Future Researcher and Methodology.......................................................................28
5.4.3 Practitioners of Human Resource............................................................................28
5.4.4 Organization............................................................................................................29
5.4.5 Policy.......................................................................................................................29
5.5.0 Research Limitation....................................................................................................29
5.6.0 Recommendations from this study..............................................................................30
5.6.1 Recommendation for Future Researchers................................................................30
5.6.2 Recommendations to Human Resource Practitioners..............................................30
5.6.3 Recommendations for Organizations......................................................................31
5.7.0 Conclusion...................................................................................................................31
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List of Tables
Table 1: Gender characteristics of the respondents.........................................................................6
Table 2: Marital status of the respondents.......................................................................................7
Table 3: Ethnic background.............................................................................................................8
Table 4: Age....................................................................................................................................9
Table 5: Higher education level.....................................................................................................10
Table 6: Monthly salary level........................................................................................................12
Table 7: Length of service.............................................................................................................13
Table 8: Statistics of univariate analysis.......................................................................................14
Table 9: Mean for each independent variable................................................................................15
Table 10: Mean and standard deviation of employees based on Gender......................................15
Table 11: Independent sample t-test for employees based on gender...........................................15
Table 12: Mean and standard deviation of employees based on age.............................................16
Table 13: Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variances...............................................................17
Table 14:One-way ANOVA for job performance based on gender..............................................17
Table 15: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects................................................................................17
Table 16: Pairwise Comparisons of the different groups of the independent variable age..........18
Table 17: Mean and standard deviation of job performance and remuneration............................19
Table 18: Pearson Product correlation test between job performance and remuneration.............19
Table 19: Spearman’s Correlation test between job performance and remuneration....................20
Table 20: Mean and standard deviation between job performance and work environment..........20
Table 21: Pearson Product correlation test between job performance and work environment....21
Table 22: Mean and standard deviation of job performance and organizational culture..............21
Table 23: Pearson Product Correlation test between job performance and work environment. . .22
Table 24: Spearman’s Correlation test between job performance and work environment............22
4

List of Figures
Figure 1: Gender characteristics of the respondents........................................................................6
Figure 2: Marital status of the respondents......................................................................................8
Figure 3: Ethnic background...........................................................................................................9
Figure 4: Age.................................................................................................................................10
Figure 5: Higher education level...................................................................................................11
Figure 6: Monthly salary level.......................................................................................................13
Figure 7: Length of service............................................................................................................14
Figure 8: Level of job performance...............................................................................................15
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Chapter 4
This section details the findings of this study. A total of 40 survey questionnaires were issued out
to 40 employees of private sector Company in Sarawak on October, 2018. The researcher
introduced the targeted respondents to the study topic by giving a brief explanation of the topic
and gave them a period of one week to respond to the survey questions. During this particular
week, the researcher constantly and consistently did follow up checks aimed at maximizing the
rate of participation in the study. After the completion of data collection process, the researcher
sorted the incomplete survey questionnaires from the complete ones for analysis and reporting of
the findings of the survey.
For analysis, the researcher ran both descriptive and inferential statistics (independent sample t-
test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation) and with with the help of the Statistical Package for
Social Science analysis software (SPSS- version 22) to study the relationship between the
dependent and the independent variables of study. The Cronbach’s Alpha value for the returned
40 survey questionnaires was established to be 0.673 implying that the gathered data was reliable
in regards to achieving the objectives of the study.
4.1.0 Demographic Background of the Respondents
The researcher collected some demographic information from the subjects of the study among
them gender, marital status, ethnicity, age, education level, income status and length of service in
the company under study. The subsequent section explains each of the demographic that was
captured in this study for the 40 participants that were interviewed in this study.
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4.1.1 Gender Characteristics
Table 1 and Figure 1 below summarizes the gender characteristics of the 40 participants that
were involved in this study.
Table 1: Gender characteristics of the respondents
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 20 50.0 50.0 50.0
Female 20 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 40 100.0 100.0
Male Female
50% 50%
Gender
Figure 1: Gender characteristics of the respondents
As depicted by both Table1 and Figure 1, the participation of the respondents in terms of gender was
even, that is, there was a 50% representation of either gender in the study.
4.1.2 Marital Status
The researcher also collected data on the marital status of the surveyed respondents. Table 2 abd
Figure 2 below summarizes this data.
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Table 2: Marital status of the respondents
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Single 15 37.5 38.5 38.5
Widow 2 5.0 5.1 43.6
Married 21 52.5 53.8 97.4
Divorced 1 2.5 2.6 100.0
Total 39 97.5 100.0
Missing System 1 2.5
Total 40 100.0
Single Widow Married Divorced
37.5%
5.0%
52.5%
2.5%
Marital Status
Figure 2: Marital status of the respondents
As for the marital status aspect of the study, the majority of the surveyed participants were
married (52.5%). Out of the 40 respondents, those who were single were 37.5% while those who
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were widowed 5%. Nevertheless, the divorced persons formed least fraction of the participants
that participated in this study.
4.1.3 Ethnicity
In terms of ethnic background, the researcher collected the following information; which is
captured under Table 3 and Figure 3 below.
Table 3: Ethnic background
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Malay 15 37.5 37.5 37.5
Iban 16 40.0 40.0 77.5
Chinese 6 15.0 15.0 92.5
Bidayuh 2 5.0 5.0 97.5
Native of Sarawak/Sabah 1 2.5 2.5 100.0
Total 40 100.0 100.0
Malay
Iban
Chinese
Bidayuh
Native of
Sarawak/
Sabah
37.5%
40.0%
15.0%
5.0%
2.5%
Ethnicity
Figure 3: Ethnic background
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As evidenced above, the respondents from the Iban ethnic group formed the largest fraction of
the 40 respondents that were involved in this study, followed by the Malays (40%), and Chinese
(15.0%). In other cases, the persons with a Bidayuh and Sarawak (Sabah) ethnic background
were the least presented in this study with a representation of 5% and 2.5% respectively.
4.1.4 Age
Age demographic data that was also collected from the 40 respondents of this study is captured in Table 4
and Figure 4 below.
Table 4: Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
<25 years old 15 37.5 37.5 37.5
26-35 years old 15 37.5 37.5 75.0
36-45 years old 4 10.0 10.0 85.0
46-55 years old 5 12.5 12.5 97.5
>55 years old 1 2.5 2.5 100.0
Total 40 100.0 100.0
38%
38%
10%
13% 3%
Age
<25 years old
26-35 years old
36-45 years old
46-55 years old
>55 years old
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Figure 4: Age
From both Table 4 and Figure 4 above, it can be observed that 74% of the respondents and who
formed the largest share of the 40 respondents who were surveyed for this study were aged 35
years and below. In other words, the respondents that participated in this study and were 25 years
old and below were 37%. Likewise, out of the 40 respondents, also 37% of them were aged
between 26 to 35 years old. Meanwhile, the respondents that were aged 55 years and above
formed the least proportion of the 40 respondents that participated in this study.
4.1.5 Higher Education Level
Data on highest education level that the respondents had attained was also collected and record
as shown in Table 5 and Figure 5 below.
Table 5: Higher education level
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
PMR 2 5.0 5.0 5.0
SPM 14 35.0 35.0 40.0
STPM 3 7.5 7.5 47.5
Diploma 13 32.5 32.5 80.0
Bachelor 5 12.5 12.5 92.5
Masters and above 3 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 40 100.0 100.0
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PMR
SPM
STPM
Diploma
Bachelor
Masters and
above
5.0%
35.0%
7.5%
32.5%
12.5%
7.5%
Higher Education Level
Figure 5: Higher education level
In terms of highest education level attained, it is evident that the largest proportion of the
respondent that participated in this study had a SPM (35%), followed by those who had a
Diploma (32.5%) and Bachelor’s degree (12.5%). However, the persons that had attained a PMR
level of education were only 5% of the total number of persons that participated in this study,
that is, out of 40 persons.
4.1.6 Monthly Salary
The researcher also collected data on the monthly salary figures of the respondents. Table 6 and
Figure 6 capture this data.
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