A Study on Employee Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction in Morrison's Plc

This report investigates the causes of employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees in Morrison's Plc, a major retail sector company. The report begins with a literature review that examines the factors influencing employee satisfaction, including compensation, management style, teamwork, and employee recognition. It then explores the benefits of satisfaction, such as employee retention, increased productivity, and enhanced profitability. The report also delves into the factors that lead to dissatisfaction, such as unequal pay, lack of interest in job roles, poor management, and unsupportive supervisors. The study aims to identify strategies to improve employee satisfaction and overcome dissatisfaction, contributing to a healthier work environment and improved organizational performance. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding employee needs and creating a supportive workplace culture to achieve both employee and company success.

Research methodologies

Table of Contents
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

Topic: To investigate the causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees in the
context of retail sector: A study on Morrison's plc
Aim: To investigate the causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees. A study on
Morrison's Plc.
Objectives:
 To determine the reasons behind satisfaction of employees
 To ascertain the benefits of satisfaction among employees
 To ascertain the cause behind dissatisfaction of employees
 To recommend strategies in overcoming dissatisfaction.
Research questions:
 What are the reason behind satisfaction among employees?
 What are the benefits related to the satisfaction of employees?
 What are the factors which cause dissatisfaction of employees?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1 : To determine the reasons behind satisfaction of employees.
According to Chan and Ao (2019) the term employee satisfaction refers to the level of
satisfaction in employees in respect with their jobs. There are various factors that impact
employee satisfaction such as perception of the management, compensation, team work,
resources etc. All these things are important for retaining employees in the firm and also to keep
workers happy. As per the view of Rastogi, Karatepe and Mehmetoglu (2019) there are various
reasons behind job satisfaction among employees. Compensation is not only a single factor that
helps to improve employee satisfaction but there are other factors also that may create long term
impact. Factors affecting job satisfaction of employees working in Morrison's Plc. can be
divided into different categories such as environmental factors, work related factors and
individual factors etc. Environmental factor is one of the major factor that impact satisfaction of
employees. It includes communication between subordinates and superior. Type of
communication between employer and employee also affect employee satisfaction. Another
reason behind employee satisfaction is employee recognition. More the level of recognition and
rewards better will be job satisfaction of the workers.
Smith, Patmos and Pitts (2018) in their paper has pointed out that, there are various
factors related with individual that affects the level of job satisfaction of employees working in

Morrison's Plc. One of the most important factor is emotions of the workers. Magnification of
positive emotions helps to improve current level of job satisfaction of the staff members. Further,
personality is also closely related with satisfaction of workers regarding the work. It involves
two factors such as locus of control and alienation. Employees who are less alienated and has
more internal locus of control will have chances of high job satisfaction.
According to the author Smith, Patmos and Pitts (2018) there are various work related
factors that plays an important role in improving level of satisfaction among employees working
in Morrison's Plc. One of the most important variable for employee satisfaction is policy of
organization regarding compensation and other benefits like bonus, perks etc. Compensation can
be described as competitive salary package and other incentives that helps to motivate workers to
perform better.
Another reason behind employee satisfaction is promotion and career development
opportunities offered by the organization. The opportunity of higher status, better salary, training
programmes, more authority and responsibility helps to increase level of job satisfaction of the
workers. Moreover, satisfaction level of employees working in Morrison's Plc. is also affected by
style of leadership adopted by the leader of the company. Leader should adopt democratic
leadership style for motivating employees to work better for achieving aim and objectives of the
organisation.
Theme 2: To ascertain the benefits of satisfaction among employees
According to Suri and Petchsawang (2018) Job satisfaction of the employees offers
various advantage for employee as well as for the organization. Turnover of workers can be a
reason of high cost for human resource department. One of the major advantage of high job
satisfaction is that it helps to retain employees in the company for long period. Satisfied
employees have fewer chances of leaving the organization. Productivity refers to more output
produced by workers as compared with inputs that are being used. Irrespective of job position
and level of salary, employees that has high job satisfaction tend to improve level of productivity
of their work.
Dwivedi and Khan (2019) said that, other than the above benefits, profitability of
Morrison's Plc. will also influence by job satisfaction level of staff members that are working in
the firm. Management should make efforts for keeping employees satisfied and safe as this will
assist the firm to increase sale and profit. Another major advantage of employee satisfaction to

the firm is workers loyalty. If employees of Morrison's Plc. feel that, firm has their best interest
at heart in that case they will support the vision and mission of the company. This will help to
spread goodwill of firm.
Inelmen and Hatipoglu (2018) critics that there are employee satisfaction not only
provide benefits to company but, it also offers advantage to workers as well. Firstly, the workers
that are working in the firm will believe that, firm will be satisfying in the long run. When, an
organization provides effective salary and other benefits to employee they will more focus on the
quality of work performance. High job satisfaction helps to motivate the employees to perform
better. This results in offering better quality of products to the clients that helps to offer superior
value to the clients. As per the view of Basterretxea and Storey (2018) employee satisfaction also
provide some other benefits to the employees. When management offer better opportunities of
career development and promotion at high job position, it improves job satisfaction level of the
staff. It helps to increase level of morale of the workers, and they will be more committed
towards the objectives of the firm. Another benefit is that, high job satisfaction among workers
helps to improve the level of productivity of the employees. In the area of sales and customer
service in Morrison's Plc, employee satisfaction is very important because workers are an
integral part of the organization, and they represent customer's in front of the stakeholders like
government, customer's, suppliers etc.
Therefore, management of Morrison's Plc. Should focus on improving job satisfaction of
staff members. Moreover, satisfied workers are less likely to form union, and they do not
perceive this as required. High level of job satisfaction also helps the organization to reduce the
chances of accidents and wastage of the resources like time, money and raw material etc. It helps
to promote team work among employees and sharing of information will also become effective.
According to Walton (2018) high satisfaction among employees of the firm helps human
resource department to lower the expenditure on recruitment and training programmes for the
workers. Firm will have to spent less amount for offering training and development opportunities
to the employees. Moreover, it will lead to improvement in the quality of products and services
offer by the firm to customer's.
According to the Mabaso and Dlamini, (2017), it is stated that job satisfaction is linked
with the organisation effectiveness. Employees will increase their productivity when they are
satisfied in their job, it will benefit company in increasing profits. If a company evaluated the

performance regularly and appreciate and motivate employees by providing rewards. Employee
gaining higher rewards will engage in the business activities, coordinate with team, increase
quality of work and will have high job satisfaction. But employees receiving less reward will be
demotivated and decrease their quality of work which leads to dissatisfaction. High job
satisfaction will benefit company in retaining employees for longer period whereas low
satisfaction will lead to absenteeism of employees which in-turn reduce the profitability of
company. One of the benefit of high job satisfaction is that it creates healthy working
environment which leads to customer satisfaction.
As per the view of Adeyoyin and et.al., (2015), providing employees their rights and involve
them in decision making will increase the morale and they will feel part of organisation.
Companies need to provide all the rights to employees like health and safety if company deals in
unsafe working conditions. To provide satisfaction to employees management need to consider
views of employees in decision making, it is beneficial for company to gain new ideas and
strategies which may lead to competitive advantage. Job satisfaction also links with the quality
of supervision employees get from their seniors. If seniors are supportive and guide employees
every time will improve the efficiency of work and satisfaction on the other hand if seniors are
less supportive and do not train employees and share information, employee's productivity will
be decreased and conflicts may arise.
Further Abouraia and Othman, (2017) highlighted that working condition, organisation
culture, structure are the reasons behind satisfaction of employees. The structure of organisation
should be flat where employees and management communicate easily without following the long
process. Sharing information with employees, considering their opinion and taking decision will
lead to better result. In the retail sector it is necessary to possess competitive advantage and
values to satisfy customers, if employees are happy and satisfied then level of customer
satisfaction will also increase. Companies should not discriminate employees on the basis of age,
gender, religion and treat all employees equal, it will benefit in job satisfaction as an individual
does not feel judged . Culture of company includes values, priorities, beliefs which need to
followed by employees as well so that business objectives are achieved. Further author also
highlighted that pay of employees is also a main element in job satisfaction, employees having
higher pay scale have high job satisfaction. Employees having lower pay scale are demotivated,
conflicts arise between employees and coordination of team is interrupted.

Theme 3: Factors behind dissatisfaction of employees
Dubey and et.al., (2016) states that if all the employees on same profile are paid
unequally then it leads to dissatisfaction because employees who are underpaid will feel
disrespectful and not contribute their best in the business to achieve business objectives.
Employees should be paid equally under same job profile which creates a sense of equality and
an individual will contribute their 100 percent to achieve goals ans create competitive advantage.
Although pay is decided on the basis of employees performance, it is essential for company to
provide training to employees and enhance their skills so that the balance is maintained.
On the other side Alfayad and Arif, (2017) stated that employees should be given a
particular job in which they are interested so that they perform efficiently and get satisfied.
Sometimes management of company provide different job to employees in which they are not
interested. Lack of interest in a particular profile may lead to job dissatisfaction as employees
will be frustrated and unhappy to perform. It will reduce the engagement of employees and
increase employee turnover. Thus, to satisfy employees it is necessary to hire them according to
the interest of employees.
On the other hand Al Mamun and Hasan, (2017) stated that poor management and
unsupportive boss also leads to dissatisfaction of employees because managers is responsible to
lead, motivate, plan and control organisation so that business objective is achieved. If managers
possess poor leadership skills then the business operation will not run smoothly and create
conflicts. On the above of it boss is also unsupportive then resources are not allocated
effectively, managers concerned with results only and does not engage in building relations with
them is also another factor of job dissatisfaction.
Zafar, Karim and Abbas, O., (2017) stated that relation with supervisors is also one of the
factor which cause dissatisfaction in job, partiality in decision making, not considering the
decisions or views of employees will make them leave the job. Participative climate created by
seniors will have more substantial effect on them. Relation between them should be open so that
employees can put their concern in front of them and solve their problem.
Further Khan, (2016) highlighted that companies that fail to identify the wants of
employees and does not maintain security impacts the work and life of employees. It is essential
to keep a balance between work and life in order to increase productivity and satisfaction.
Providing employees with flexible working hours, incentives and rewards will lead to increase in

morale of employees. However author also stated that feedbacks should be provided to
employees on regular basis so that their performance is improved, not receiving feedbacks from
seniors can be disappointing and discouraging, employees will not be able to enhance their job.
These factors leads to dissatisfaction and increase in employee turnover.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a technique adopted by researcher to collect, analyse and
interpret data in such as way that accurate results are find out (Kumar,2019). In the present report
researcher has used different techniques and tools which will be beneficial in identifying the
factors behind the satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees which are as follows:
 Research type: Research is a systematic search of data and information for a particular
topic. It is a process of studying a specific problem or concern using various tools. It
deals with the specific inquiry of collecting, describing, predicting data and identify
findings. To conduct a research there are 2 types qualitative and quantitative research.
Qualitative research is used to determine deeper understanding of any topic, it provides a
broad understanding of data. This type of research use non-statistical methods, does not
deal in numbers and helps in gaining a better understanding of population. Its main aims
to understand the feelings, values and beliefs of respondents in order to find accurate
findings (Ledford and Gast, 2018). On the other hand quantitative research deals with
numbers and use various statistical methods and tools like percentage, hypothesis and
averages in order to determine the relation between data. the main aim of this research is
to provide a detailed explanation of research type with the use of numbers, data, variables
and constructing statistical models. Researcher has used qualitative research to identify
the factors that cause satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees. It is the most
suitable approach because there is no use of numericals and different statistical methods.
In the report data is based on the views, beliefs and feelings of respondents (Quinlan and
et.al., 2019).
 Research philosophy: Research philosophy is defined as the development and
assumption of data, it is a ways through which data on a particular topic is collected,
analysed and evaluated. It deals with the development of knowledge used by researcher
to conduct the research. There are 2 types of research philosophy, positivism and
interpretivism. Positivism philosophy deals with the identification of correlation between

the data through facts and figures, it is a rule of science where manipulation of reality
occurs with variation in independent variable in order to find the relations between data.
researcher can make decision based on the previously observed inter-relations. However
interpretivism refers to interpreting and manipulating data in order to understand the
reality (Litosseliti, 2018). It rely upon both human resource and trained researcher to
measure a phenomena. It includes both interviews and observations. In the present report
researcher has used interpretivism philosophy because it is appropriate to find out the
benefits and impacts on job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees. It will be
beneficial for conducting the research because to find out the accurate results thoughts
and feelings of an individual is required, by interviewing and observing them it can be
found and this philosophy includes all these.
 Research approach: Research approach is a procedure and plan which consist of various
steps and assumptions to collect data, analyse and interpret it. The selection of approach
is based on the nature of research. Deductive and inductive are the two approaches used
to conduct the research, inductive approach begins with the observations and are
proposed towards the end of as a result of observation (De Costa, Crowther and Maloney,
2019). Inductive approach is a process of generating meaning from the data collected by
testing hypothesis. It is process oriented system to analyse and interpret data. The main
aim of this approach is to identify the patterns and relation between the data and prepare
objectives, research questions which need to be addressed. It is based on experience and
patterns identified from the data analysis. Deductive approach refers to testing of
hypothesis based on existing theories and design the research strategy accordingly. Its
main purpose is to find out conclusions from the data and find link and relation on
general circumstances. Inductive approach will be more suitable to investigate the cause
of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees. It will be beneficial for researchers
in performing various hypothesis and observe them to identify patterns and develop
theories to reach outcomes (Kumar,2019).
 Research design: It is a framework of techniques and methods selected by researcher to
combine different components of research so that problem of research is handled
effectively. Research design is used to implement correct techniques to collect data.
There are 2 types of research design descriptive and exploratory where descriptive

research design refers towards qualitative methods and includes quantifiable data. the
purpose of descriptive data is to describe and explain the hypothesis among a specific
group of people (Ledford and Gast, 2018). It describes a situation and make predictions
to establish relations. On the other hand exploratory research design deals with the
research of a specific problem which was not researched and analysed accurately before.
The main aim of this research design is to explain the feature of study. Some researched
choose this approach to define the problem accurately and then collect data and interpret
data to determine results. Descriptive research will be applied by the researched in the
present research to ascertain the benefits of job satisfaction among employees.
Researcher will be advantageous by using this research design because it is an effective
way to analyse the data and observe the phenomena in unchanged environment (De
Costa, Crowther and Maloney, 2019).
 Data collection: It refers to collection of data from various sources available, interpreting
data to identify the relation and trend. Data collected and put in table helps researcher to
test hypothesis and evaluate data to reach relevant outcomes. Method of data collection is
based on the type of research, researcher choose the suitable method according to the
nature of research. Data collected for analysis can be primary and secondary. Primary
data is defines as first hand research where researcher collects data by observing the
behaviour, interviewing, surveys and questionnaire form (Finfgeld-Connett and Johnson,
2018). Secondary data is a collection of data through various articles, journals,
newspapers and past research which will help in gaining a better idea. Both primary and
secondary data is used in present report for collecting data, researchers has collected
primary data via questionnaire and observing the behaviour of respondents. Secondary
data was collected through articles, journals and research papers. Both the methods are
suitable in data collection, in order to identify the factors of satisfaction and
dissatisfaction among employees questionnaire was the best method by which researcher
was able to identify the feelings of respondents. Secondary data has also helped
researcher in gaining insights on the satisfaction and dissatisfaction in retail sector
(Etikan, Musa and Alkassim, 2016).
 Sampling: It is a selection of sample size from the population of interest in order to
collect data from them. Sample is a group of people, item or objects taken from a large

population, population need to be representative in order to make sure that the the results
are accurate and not biased. The purpose of sampling in the research is to study the
nature, value and beliefs of sample size to find out the results. There are 2 types of
methods in determining sample size which are random and purposive sampling.
Purposive sampling or non probability sample is selected according to objective of
research and characteristics of sample. Under this method sample size is collected on
judgemental basis in order to find out a specific outcome (Palinkas and et.al., 2015).
Random sampling refers to selection of sample size by observing the population and
create a thinking about population. Random sampling is suitable for the present report to
analyse the factors and cause of job satisfaction among employees. In the current study
20 sample size are taken to collect the data, it is beneficial for researcher because
population is interested in the research and will give accurate results, it also eliminates
the biasses.
 Data analysis : It refers to the process of evaluating data with the help of statistical and
analytical tools that are useful in discovering information and also supports in decision-
making. There are various methods that can be used to analyse the data such as data
mining, business intelligence etc. Qualitative data analysis, means the process that is used
to analyse data and helps to provide some level of understanding and interpretation. It
involves various stages like developing codes, identifying relationship and themes and
summarizing data (Mihas, 2019). Quantitative data analysis, it refers to the systematic
method used to conduct investigation while collecting numerical information or the
researcher transforms what is observed or collected into numerical data. It includes
calculation of frequency of the variables. It helps researcher to convert raw facts into
meaningful information with the help of critical and rational thinking. The researcher will
use thematic data analysis under qualitative data analysis. The method will help the
researcher to identify, interpret and analyse the patterns of themes or meaning within
qualitative data. For using this method, researcher will firstly familiarize himself with
data The method is an umbrella term for various approaches rather than a particular
method. This method is a flexible approach of analysing qualitative data and also allows
researchers with different methodological backgrounds.

 Ethical consideration : Ethics refers to the standards or norms related with conduct of
individual that differentiates between wrong and right. It helps to evaluate the variance
between unacceptable and acceptable behaviour of people. Ethical consideration can be
described as one of the major parts of the study (Iphofen and Tolich, 2018). There are
various principles related with ethical considerations that will be followed by researcher
while performing research.
 Participants involved in the study will not be harm in any way.
 Researcher will prioritize the dignity of research participants.
 Full consent of the participants will be obtained by the researcher before conducting
research.
 Researcher will honestly report procedures, methods and data. Further, researcher will
not misrepresent data.
 Researcher will make efforts for avoiding any type of deception regarding aim and
objectives of the study.
 Affiliations of any type, funding and any form of possible conflicts related with interest
of participants will be declared by the researcher.
 Transparency and honesty will be maintained by the researcher during any type of
communication.
 Researcher will focus on avoiding any type of misleading information and findings of
primary data.
 Further, use of discriminatory or offensive language will be avoided by the researcher in
formulation of the questionnaire or interview.
 High level of objectivity will be maintained by the researcher throughout the research.
 Efforts will be made by the researcher for avoiding any type of bias in peer review, data
analysis, and in other aspects related with the study.
 Moreover, researcher will not use unpublished data, results or methods without
permission and does not plagiarize.
 Researcher will keep agreements and promises and act with sincerity and strive for
consistency in actions and thoughts throughout the study (Iphofen and Tolich, eds.,
2018).