Investigating Employee Turnover in Malta's Public Sector: A Study

This report investigates the issue of employee turnover within the public sector in Malta, highlighting the impact of long working hours on employee satisfaction and retention. It begins with a literature review that defines employee turnover, explores its causes, including work-life imbalance and lack of recognition, and examines policies and incentives to reduce turnover, such as flexible working hours and employee welfare programs. The report then proposes a research design to further investigate the relationship between long working hours and employee turnover in Malta's public sector. It outlines the research title, questions, objectives, philosophies, design, methods, sampling, data analysis, and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that decreasing long working hours may help public sector organizations in Malta to improve employee retention and productivity.

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

Table of Contents
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3
Introduction............................................................................................................................3
Meaning of employees Turnover............................................................................................3
Reasons of employees Turnover within Public sector...........................................................4
Policies and incentives to reduce employees turnover...........................................................4
Moving toward the short working hour and short working week..........................................6
Concluding Remarks..............................................................................................................7
Research Design Proposal................................................................................................................8
Research Title and introduction..............................................................................................8
Research Questions................................................................................................................8
Research Objective and framework........................................................................................8
Research Proposal............................................................................................................................8
Research Philosophies............................................................................................................8
Research Design and research Methods.................................................................................9
Sampling...............................................................................................................................10
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................11
Data collection......................................................................................................................11
Ethical consideration............................................................................................................12
Validity and reliability..........................................................................................................13
Timescale and Gantt chart....................................................................................................13
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................14
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................14

LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Employees turn over in the Public sector is the major issue in the present time as per the
research. As many organisations is facing the problem regarding employees turn over because
there are several reasons through which employees may dissatisfied. In an organisation, human
resources plays a very crucial role through which several business activities and function can
carried out for accomplish business objective. In the various countries like united states, united
kingdom, Italy, France, Germany is facing issue regarding employees turnover and absenteeism
through which organisations productivity is decreased. As per the research it has been found that
in the Malta, there is also issue regarding employees turnover within the Public sector. Due to
employees turnover, business productivity and profitability has been decreased in the Public
sector. As per the report of local newspaper it has been found that employees turnover issue
occurred in the Public sector due to the long working hours.
The major aim of this investigation is to investigate whether decreasing the issue of
employees turnover by decrease the long working hours within the Public organisations in Malta
country. In the current investigation, researcher have conducted the detail study for gather
information regarding issue of employees turnover and its impact within the Public sector in
Malta. For address research objective, scholar have applied several methods and techniques of
research methodologies. With help of research methodology techniques, scholar can easily find
out the best solution of research problem.
Meaning of employees Turnover
According to the view of Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, (2014) employees turnover refers to
the numbers and percentage of employees who leave an organisation. It is a measurement of how
many employees are leaving a corporation and it tracks if it has more personnels leaving than is
typically expected. Employees turn over situation occurs within the company while they are
unhappy and dissatisfied with organisation policies, practices, strategies, structure and salary
then they take the decision to leave organisation. As per the view of Gillet, Gagné Sauvagère and
Fouquereau, (2013) employees turn over is directly linked with employees motivation and
satisfaction level. While company is facing issue regarding employees turn over then it will
directly affect productivity and profitability of business unit. The entire progress, process,
activities and functions of organisation is largely depends upon the employees. In the absence of

personnels, organisation can not achieve its business objectives and can not carry out business
activities. It is great responsibility of company to understand the actual reason behind employees
turn over and make strategies to overcome it.
Reasons of employees Turnover within Public sector
According to the view of Gupta and Shaw, (2014) improper work life balance of
employees is the major issue of employees turn over within the organisation. Due to the long
working hours, employees can get frustrated within the company and they take the decision of
leaving company. Every employee requires such effective working life balance through which
their personal and professional life can easily balance. Hence, organisation should set such
effective working practices and policy through which personnels can easily balance and manage
their personal and professional life in easy manner. In the contradicting view Afful-Broni, (2012)
stated that many employees leave organisation due to lack of recognition and appreciation. While
corporation do not appreciate and recognise workers then they feel demotivate themselves and
take decision to leave company. Thus, it can be said that lack of recognition and appreciation can
occurs the issue of employees turn over within public sector of Malta country. In the opinion of
Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson, (2013) stated that lack of growth and progression is another major
reason of employees turnover within the public sector. As there is lack of employees growth and
progress due to which they demotivate and leave company. Thus, for company it is very
important to provide effective growth and progress opportunities to workers and staff members
so as they can retain within company for long time.
Policies and incentives to reduce employees turnover
According to the view of Lazaroiu, (2015) in order to overcome the issue of employees
turnover within the business enterprise there are various kinds of strategies, policies and
practices. It is very important for corporation to develop and structure such kind of policies,
strategies and practices through which employees can make satisfy and happy. Personnels
motivation is one of the significant method and criteria to motivate and encourage employees so
as they can retain within the company for long time. With help of employees motivation,
organisation can overcome the issue of employees turn over. While employees are effectively
motivated and satisfied then it will help to organisation in increasing profitability and
productivity. In the opinion of Malik, Butt and Choi, (2015) in order to motivate and encourage
employees there are various kinds of methods such as monetary and non monetary reward

system. In the monetary reward system, organisation can motivate employees by provide
incentive, fringe benefits, compensation, bonus, perquisites etc. On the other hand in the non
monetary reward system, company provides promotion, higher opportunity, growth, higher status
etc. With help of monetary and non monetary reward system, corporation can easily motivate
and encourage employees through which they can retain within company for long time. In the
opinion of Mowday, Porter and Steers, (2013) monetary reward is related to the financial reward
which make employees more happy and satisfy. While company fulfil employees financial
requirement and need then they will motivate to perform in excellent manner.
In the contradicting view Noe, Wilk, Mullen and Wanek, (2014) stated that with help of
effective policies, practices and strategies of business, company can overcome the issue of
employees turn over. As per the research it has been found that in the Public sector, another
major issue of the employees turn over within the Public sector is ineffective policies, practices
and business strategies through which employees are highly dissatisfied and demotivated. In
order to improve employees turn over company should develop effective strategy, policies,
practices etc through which employees can manage their work in effective manner and retain
within business for long time. By help of this procedure, organization can enhance
representatives inspiration in light of the fact that while organization set compelling system,
practices and business strategy then workers can do their work in smooth way. Along these lines,
one might say that with a specific end goal to spur and support representative's execution,
organization's working practices and arrangement is imperative. In the event that speciality unit
sets the strategies that isn't reasonable to staff's they can nor work serenely inside organization
and this thing can specifically influence efficiency and nature of business.
In the opinion of Olafsen, Halvari, Forest and Deci, (2015) employees turn over issue can
also reduce by organise employees welfare programs and activities. With help of personnels
welfare program and activities, company can easily motivate and encourage workers for higher
performance and retain within company for long time. While company organise employees
welfare program then they can make balance between their personal and professional life. In
addition to this, with help of these activities and program they can learn the method to perform
well at workplace. Ahmad and et. al., (2014) stated that employees turn over issue can overcome
within the corporation by help of effective working environment at workplace. Representatives
inspiration can enhance inside the working environment by successful workplace. While

organization set the solid and powerful workplace then representatives can complete their work
in methodical and compelling way. Subsequently, one might say that powerful workplace can
organization in expanding worker's inspiration. They can work in more compelling and
productive way while they have solid workplace at working environment.
According to the view of Pinder, (2014) training and advancement is the best framework
to improve worker's motivation. Along these lines, association deal with the session for learning
suitable techniques for work, data, limit with regards to representatives. With help of getting
ready and change, association can allow to update the data, quality, fitness and capacity of
representatives in regards to work. Staff's can without a lot of a stretch take in some innovative
idea, data and capacity about the working in the association by means of getting ready and
progression. This instrument helps workers in upgrading their quality execution and gainfulness.
By along these lines, worker's motivation level can thusly improve which help accomplishment
of association objective. In the contradicting view Ansara, (2015) stated that employees turnover
issue within the public sector of Malta can improve by provide flexible working hours. There is
major issue regarding long working hours due to which many employees can not balance their
personal and professional life. Organisation in the public sector should allow employees for
flexible working hours like work from home, part-time job etc. In addition to this, in the Malta
country, public sector organisation should reduce the long working hours because as per the
survey it has been found that majority of employees leaves the organisation due to long working
hours so by decrease long working hours, companies can easily overcome this issue of
employees turn over. Decreasing long working hour will help to public sector organisation in
encouraging and motivating employees for retain within company for long time.
Moving toward the short working hour and short working week
According to the view of Ashkanasy, Bennett and Martinko, (2016) there is a direct
relationship between the long working hours and employees turn over within organisation. If
company sets the long working hour's policy for its employees then it can create issue of
employees turn over because workers always desires flexible working hours and short hours of
working. On the basis of research and few other studies it has been found that due to the long
working hours within the organisations in the Malta, majority of employees leave organisation. It
has been also stated that if company require overcoming issue of employees turn over then it

should develop policy for short working hour as well as working day through which personnels
can make balance between personal and professional life.
Concluding Remarks
From the collected information in the literature review it has been assessed that
employees turn over and long working hour have direct relationship as if company develops the
policy of long working hours then it will directly create issue of employees turn over. As
personnels requires effective balance between their personal and professional life and long
working hours make their life hectic and engaged. Thus, company should adopt such effective
flexible working hour policy through which employees can make effective balance in their
working life. It has been found that in the Malta the female and public organisation show the
higher rae of absence than male and employees working in the private sectors as these factors
have consistently emerged in various contexts, sectors and countries.

Research Design Proposal
Research Title and introduction
To Investigate whether decreasing the issue of employees turnover by decrease the long working
hours within the Public organisations in Malta country.
In the Public sector within the Malta country, there is major issue related to employees
turn over due to which many organisation's productivity and profitability is affected. As per the
research it has been found that there are various organisations in the Public sector that are facing
issue regarding employees turnover and this issue occurs due to the long working hours. For
overcome this issue in the Malta country, researcher have conducted this investigation.
Keywords: Employees turnover, Long working hours, Public sector
Research Questions
What is the meaning of employees Turnover ?
What are the reasons of employees turnover within the Malta country?
Is long working hour major issue of employees turnover within Public sector in Malta country ?
Does switching to a six working hour day aid to decrease employees turn over within the Public
organisation of Malta ?
Research Objective and framework
To understand the meaning of employees turnover?
To assess the reasons behind the employees turnover within organisations of Malta ?
To implement a six working hours aid in overcome issue of employees turnover with Public
organisation of Malta ?
Research Proposal
Research Philosophies
The judiciousness of the investigation helps in choosing conviction case of the specialist. This
conviction configuration is being trailed by the examiner remembering the ultimate objective to
lead the examination in precise way It is essential for the analyst to pick fitting instrument which
can offer assistance to the entire paper. There are two essential rationalities which are used as a
piece of various sorts of studies. Positivism, interpretivism and legitimacy are rule gadgets.
Positivism is the procedure which gives watchful thought of quality. Particular complements on
observation and depict segments from the objective point of view. It is the procedure which

communicates that discernment ought to be repeatable with the objective that true blue and
pragmatic purposes of intrigue can be gathered by the master. In this sort of equipment analyst
make conjecture on the bases of past recognitions. Interpretivism is another sort of
levelheadedness which gives watchful thought on subjective examination. Investigator highlights
on such detail which are starting at now existed and bona fide. It incorporates coherent learning
and in like way pro investigate entire examination. It incorporates human in the examination
remembering the ultimate objective to collect sensible information about the point.
Researcher work is being established on interpretivism rationale. It is most sensible gadget for
the stream article in light of the fact that with the assistance of this procedure master would
investigations be able to genuinely and can accumulate consistent information about factors that
contribute in the accomplishment of the forte unit. Positivism thinking is generally associated in
the quantitative kind of examination. In this examination examiner has used figures, data
remembering the true objective to differentiate budgetary execution of the Apple and its
opponents. Regardless, researcher has not done any logical check thusly, usage of positive
thinking isn't appropriate for the present wander. The point of convergence of the expert was on
the subjective evaluation. It has supported the scientist in get-together information about the
diverse components, their importance in the claim to fame unit.
In the current research study, scholar have main aim is to investigate whether decreasing the
issue of employees turnover by decrease the long working hours within the Public organisations
in Malta country. For address this objective, scholar implement positivism research philosophy
in the investigation.
Research Design and research Methods
It is the instrument which perceives ways to deal with lead the examination. There are diverse
sorts of frameworks which are associated in different sorts of research endeavors and proposals.
There are generally exploratory, test, edifying frameworks which are used as a piece of studies.
Design clears up the sort of study, it is the kind of framework which helps the scientist in finding
answers of various research questions. It can be portrayed as plan of conditions for analyzing and
amassing of the information with the objective that general inspiration driving the examination
can be met. Exploratory blueprint is the sort of equipment which generally revolves around get-
together understanding information about the condition. In this kind of layout data is being

assembled through open completed edge. It is associated in such kind of study where new region
ought to be investigated by the expert.
On other hand unquestionable research design is another sort of methodology which helps in
getting photograph of the whole situation. It is all around associated with a particular ultimate
objective to legitimize current practices. In this kind of procedure scientist takes support of
various speculations and models which help analyst in depicting each segment in fruitful way. It
highlight on giving genuine information about the point. In this kind of equipment expert needs
to depict the conditions well with the objective that individual can find answers of the
investigation issues.
In the present research study, exploration research design has been chosen which helps in
gathering significant genuine data and address the objective of research in effective and
appropriate manner.
Sampling
Examining is considered as system of decision of delegate collect the people who
can give exact information about the subject. It is the obligation of researcher that to pick amend
number of test from the masses with the objective that quality data can be assembled and
generous results can turn out. Test are the all inclusive community the people who appreciate the
examination. On the bases of their appraisal specialist make understanding about the point. There
are diverse trying probability and non probability investigating. In the probability system
specialist picks test probability Simple discretionary reviewing is the most surely understood
technique which is associated in by far most of the paper. Discretionary testing is the method in
which authority picks the illustration heedlessly. All people influence measure up to
opportunities to be picked in the investigated. It is most legitimate technique and free from
tendency. With the help of this instrument analyst can collect quality information about the point.
On other hand precise looking at is another kind of method. It is the gadget in which authority
figure required case measure and every ninth record is being picked as test in the examination.
Stratified testing is another procedure which is normally known as probability technique. It is the
sort of equipment which is all things considered associated by the specialist with a particular
ultimate objective to diminish analyzing goofs. Stratum is the kind of equipment in which

solitary make subset of masses. Each one of these subsets are having fundamental trademark In
the present study, researcher have selected 100 employees of the various Public organisations in
the Malta country for Investigate whether decreasing the issue of employees turnover by
decrease the long working hours within the Public organisations in Malta country.
Data analysis
It is the most fundamental bit of entire proposal in which analyst needs to examinations every
single assembled datum with the objective that results can be get as per the objective of study. It
helps in indicating inconspicuous components in intense way so generous conclusion can be
drawn by the operator. Data examinations methods are differing in subjective and quantitative
kind of studies (Pahwa and et.al, 2015). In the subjective examination particular takes support of
theories and models related to the theme. In this individual needs to make subjects and as
necessities be have to examinations these unpretentious components. On other turn in
quantitative kind of examination master needs to use quantifiable contraptions with a particular
ultimate objective to get comes to fruition. Analyst applies real mechanical assemblies, for
instance, SPSS, T test et terrace., it activity in testing hypotheses and getting exact consequence.
Data collection
Data gathering is most crucial bit of article. It supports analyst in party significant information
about the subject and delivering occurs. Without extraordinary information individual won't have
the ability to make understanding about the point. For driving examination in effective way
singular needs to assembled data from various sources. These sources support the investigator in
making understanding about the convictions and finding answers of research issue There are all
things considered two rule sorts of data gathering sources: basic and discretionary. Both these
sources reinforce the scientist in social event information about theme and offering a clarification
to the asks about request.
Fundamental data collection is the instrument in which scientist needs to amass coordinate
information. These are such unpretentious components which have not been used before to any
examinations. These are new unobtrusive components and it depicts reality of the market. It
supports specialist in party honest to goodness substances about the point and coordinating the
examination from these perspectives. There are distinctive basic data gathering sources, for
instance, recognition, converse with, survey, outline et cetera. Each one of these instruments are

associated by the possibility of the prompting. Overview strategy is the frequently used
instrument which is used as a piece of the subjective papers. In this mechanical assembly pro
arrangement survey and send it to all respondents. All included individual give their evaluation
about the topic. It supports the researcher in making understanding about the subject and
analyzing the condition well.
Ethical consideration
Moral idea is the fundamental factor that impact general examination. Ethics are such guidelines
that helpers in restricting future bothers. These morals aid the researcher in fetching correct
conclusion done which examination can be done in applicable route without any burdens. For
completing the examination, scientist expected to accumulate data, individual has taken help of
books, journals and survey technique. For that individual has used web and should information
from various sitescholar has similarly assembled information from the fundamental sources, in
which expert has used overview framework. For incorporating respondents in the examination,
researcher has not obliged any part. Individual has not harmed in any ways to deal with any
person. Master has sent fix consent shape on their email id, After scrutinizing this consent
outline respondents have sent their stamped consent shape which shows that they are set up to
grant their points of view to the operator. This assistants in keeping up a key separation from
advance challenges and finishing this examination in moral way
Data affirmation and mystery is the essential stress in any theory. If investigator fails to
guarantee data then it may impact entire examination to staggering degree. Expert has saved all
data in watchword anchored PC and has not delighted in any information with third person.
Mystery expression of the PC isn't shared by the investigator with anyone. Analyst has kept up
straightforwardness and reliability in this examination It has maintained in restricting
miscommunication and slip-ups. With the assist of this examination analyst has ended up
beingness embattled to fitting with the subjective.
Validity and reliability
Dependability is considered as the path through which appraisal done are solid and
therefore it encourages researcher to play out the comparative examination upon the
circumstance keeping in mind the end goal to achieve wanted result. While, legitimacy surveys
that the entire test idea helps in meeting the normal results. In the present research, researcher
plans to guarantee the legitimacy and unwavering quality of the information, gathered sources or