Analyzing the Impact of Employer and Employee Concerns on Accidents

This report investigates the impact of employer and employee concerns, as well as the utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), on industrial accidents within a manufacturing context. It explores the history of occupational health and safety, definitions of key terms, and the significance of accident prevention. The research methodology includes a conceptual framework with independent and dependent variables, hypothesis development, and data collection methods using questionnaires. The study analyzes demographic factors, tests hypotheses related to the relationship between management and employee concerns, and PPE utilization on accident rates. Findings indicate a negative relationship between employer concern, employee concern, PPE usage and industrial accidents, suggesting that increased attention to these factors can reduce accident occurrences. The report concludes with recommendations for management, emphasizing the importance of safety audits, training programs, and quality PPE provision. The study highlights the need for continuous improvement and further research to address the factors influencing industrial accidents.

Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................3
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................6
1.0 Chapter Introduction.................................................................................................6
1.1 Introduction to the topic............................................................................................6
1.2 Introduction to the company...................................................................................10
1.3 Statement of the problem........................................................................................11
1.3.1 Research problem............................................................................................11
1.3.2 Research Questions.........................................................................................12
1.4 Significance of the study.........................................................................................12
1.5 Objective of the study.............................................................................................13
1.5.1 Main Objective................................................................................................13
1.5.2 Specific Objectives.........................................................................................13
1.6 Limitation of the study............................................................................................13
LITREATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................15
2.0 Chapter Introduction...............................................................................................15
2.1 History of Occupational Health and Safety.............................................................15
2.2 Development of occupational health, safety............................................................15
2.3 Definition and Terms..............................................................................................16
2.4 Accident in the workplace.......................................................................................17
2.5 Hazards and near misses in the workplace..............................................................18
2.6 Impact of Employer concern on Industrial accidents..............................................19
2.7 Impact of Employee concern on Industrial accidents..............................................21
2.8 Importance of utilizing PPE’s (Personal Protective Equipments)...........................23
2.9 Prevent Industrial Accidents at the workplace........................................................24
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................................27
3.0 Chapter Introduction...............................................................................................27
3.1 Conceptual framework............................................................................................27
3.1.1 Independent variables......................................................................................28
3.1.2 Dependant variables........................................................................................28
3.2 Developing Hypothesis...........................................................................................28

3.3 Study population and Sampling technique..............................................................29
3.3.1 Population.......................................................................................................29
3.3.2 Sampling Technique.......................................................................................29
3.4 Data collection methods and procedures.................................................................30
3.4.1 Data Collection...............................................................................................30
3.4.2 Data collection procedure................................................................................30
3.5 Data Analysing and Presentation............................................................................30
DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION..............................................................................32
4.0 Chapter Introduction...............................................................................................32
4.1 Findings and Data analysis......................................................................................32
4.2.1. Analysis of Demographic factors....................................................................32
4.2.2. Analyse on Hypothesis....................................................................................35
CHAPTER 05.........................................................................................................................43
CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION......................................................................43
5.0 Chapter Introduction...............................................................................................43
5.1 Conclusion..............................................................................................................43
5.1 Recommendations...................................................................................................43
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................46
APPENDICES........................................................................................................................51
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 01 - Conceptual framework ......................................................................27
Figure 02 – Demographic factors .........................................................................33
Figure 03 – Accidents Level.................................................................................35
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 01 - Demographic factor analysis............................................................34
Table 02 - Accidents rate of the organization....................................................35
Table 03 - Summary of the Data analysis..........................................................36
Table 04 - Spearman correlation test results for the relationships
between the Management concern on safety and the Industrial
accidents of the work place ............................................................38
Table 05 - Spearman correlation test results for the relationships
between the Employee concern on safety and the Industrial
accidents of the work place ............................................................40
Table 06 - Spearman correlation test results for the relationships
between the Employee concern on safety and the Industrial
accidents of the work place ............................................................41
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ABSTRACT
Industrial Accidents of any organization will affect the productivity of the
organization. Industrial accidents should be prevented and it is necessary of
understanding factors affecting to the industrial accidents of the organization.
Management concern, Employee concern and Utilization of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE’s).The above factors have an influence on Industrial accidents of the
organization. The study is based on the Impact of Employer and Employee concern on
Industrial accidents of the organization. Data collection was done by using an
interviewer administrated structured questionnaire. The sample consists of employees
from Sri Lanka leading manufacturing company. Simple random sampling method
was used for the data collection. As a result of factor analysis, Employer concern and
Utilization of PPE’s has a relationship with the Industrial accidents which is a
negative relationship, in Employer concern Management involvement on safety
procedures of the organization, Proper Health and safety program providing, Actions
taken for the reported issues, New employee trainings, management observation on
safety even when employees are busy, also in Utilization of PPE’s Well proving of
PPE’s, Quality of the PPE’s and the management observation on PPE’s used by the
employees. These variables have a relationship with the Industrial accident of the
organization. Since these variables have negative weak relationship once these
variables increase the level of industrial accidents will increase but will not have an
influence always on the Industrial accidents. Hence according to the analysis in order
to reduce the accidents of the organization, management could have proper
involvement by having safety audits, analyzing on safety issues and providing proper
training programs with help by external expertise. Also providing proper and quality
PPE’s and observe on employees whether the employees are utilizing PPE’s well. so
that management can get a support from these external PPE suppliers and provide
good and quality PPE’s to the employees. But since the variable does not have a
strong relationship with the Industrial accidents of the organization further studies
should be carried on in order to analyze the Factors affecting to the Industrial
accidents of the Organization
Key words – Health & Safety, Industrial accidents, Employee, employer,
Personal Protective Equipment’s
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CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Chapter Introduction
Health and Safety is an important aspect of an organization, this chapter will
emphasise how it has been implemented and how it has been developed with the
various Health and Safety standards. Industrial Accidents could e directly influence to
the peoples’ lives hence it should be prevented, this chapter will also describe how it
could be affected to the society and how it could be prevented with Employer,
Employee involvement.
1.1 Introduction to the topic
Introduction to occupational safety and health
Health and Safety is an important aspect of an organization, this chapter will
emphasise the development of health and safety and what are the importance of it,
Most of the health and safety standards implemented after the industrial revolution
and International Labour Organization has been introduced 40 standards for
occupational health and safety in order to reduce industrial accidents of the
organization
Occupational safety and health generally defines as the science of the
anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of hazards arising in the workplace
that could impair the health and wellbeing of the workers, taking into account the
possible impact on surrounding communities and the general environment (Alli,
2008). A healthy workforce is a vital or sustainable social and economic development
on a global, national and local level. The classic approach to ensuring health and
safety in the workplace has depended mainly on the enactment of the legislation and
inspection of workplaces ensure compliance with health and safety standards. While
this approach has been effective in controlling many specific occupational hazards
since the industrial revolution. It has not been very effective in the past several
decades, particularly in developing countries, for several reasons (John Shimwell,
2000)
The ILO Constitution sets forth the principle that workers should be protected
from sickness, disease and injury arising from their employment, In 2003 the ILO
adopted an global strategy to improve occupational safety and health which included
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the introduction of a preventive safety and health culture, the promotion and
development of relevant instruments, and technical assistance, The ILO has adopted
more than 40 standards specifically dealing with occupational safety and health, as
well as over 40 Codes of Practice. Nearly half of ILO instruments deal directly or
indirectly with occupational safety and health issues ( ILO standards on occupational
health)
Impact of Industrial accidents to the society
Though it has several standards still in every 15 seconds a worker dies from a
work related accident or disease, and it may not only affect to the employees, but for
his family, friends and co workers as well. So that it is important of prevent industrial
accidents of the organization since it is immeasurable and will have a major impact on
the society. In order to prevent accidents of the organization it is important of
identifying the hazards of the organization. This chapter well describe how could
Industrial Accidents could be reduced by identifying hazards of the organization
Every 15 seconds; a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease. Every
15 seconds, 153 workers have a work-related accident. Every day, 6,300 people die as
a result of occupational accidents or work-related diseases. More than 2.3 million
deaths per year. 317 million accidents occur on the job annually ("Safety and Health
at Work". Ilo.org, 2017). A serious workplace injury or death could affect for the
people’s whole life, family, friends and their co-workers. Occupational injuries could
provoke major crisis to their family members and in the other hand it will give a
major impact for a financial loss as well, Human injuries or deaths are immeasurable.
It will also affect to the organizational wellbeing and the productivity as well,
therefore every person who goes to work in the morning should return home in good
health. ("The Importance of Safety - Work safest". Work Safest, 2017).
An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with which could harm for the
worker it could be divided into two categories: safety hazards that cause accidents that
physically injure workers, and health hazards which result in the development of
disease. Hazards can be rated according to the severity of the harm they cause - a
significant hazard being one with the potential to cause a critical injury or death.
Removing occupational hazards is only one way of improving worker protection.
What is often more practical is the control or management of the risks that hazards
pose. Sometimes, in addition to the probability of a hazard causing harm, risk includes
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a consideration of the seriousness of the hazard. There are three steps of removing
hazard of the organization, first it should be recognized, assessed and controlled.
(Ontario Ministry of Labour, 2016) hence controlling hazards are important of
creating a safety culture of the organization
Past study indicated that an introduction of safety culture can be seen as a
solution to the incremental accident cases in the workplace (Sukadarin, 2012)
Organization culture in terms of the beliefs and values of the organization which act
as prescription for the way in which organizational members should work. “safety
culture’’ may be perceived as a subset of the organizational culture where the beliefs
and values refer specifically to maters in health and safety (Harrison, 1970) so the
making a proper safety culture always matters in health and safety, hence
management of the organization has a major responsibility of creating a proper safety
culture of the organization. Perception of the senior manager’s attitude and behaviours
in relation to the safety and wellbeing of the workforce (Schein, 1992)
This study is focusing on factors affecting in industrial accidents in special
reference to Employer, Employee concern and using Personal Protective Equipment’s
of the ABC (Ceylon) PLC. Employee and the Employer concern is really important
on preventing industrial accidents if the organization.
Impact of Employee concern on Industrial Accidents
Employee concern on industrial accidents has a major impact on reducing
industrial accidents of the organization. Employees should be responsible for
protecting own self from the accidents. This chapter will describe how employee
should be concern on industrial accidents and how to reduce it proper involvement
Workplace safety perception has a number of elements, which include employee
attitudes, awareness programs, employee involvement, safety goals, safety policy,
procedure and regulations, safety management, safety assessments, communication,
discipline, training, hazard elimination, supervision, award and punishment,
housekeeping and support for safety.. Employees with good safety perception produce
high quality products and services, work at a higher efficiency, The employee
workplace safety perception depends on the owner and the management’s attitude
towards safety ("What Is Workplace Safety Perception?” - Definition from
Safeopedi,2017) Another past study has emphasize that workers knowledge on and
compliance to, workers attitudes towards safety, workers participation and
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commitment to safety, safeness of work environment, emergency preparedness in the
organization, priority for safety over production safety chance, Risk justification is an
important elements in creating the safety culture of the
organization(Vinodkumar,2008). Employee should have a proper concern on
Occupational Health and Safety. Since as per the past records it has a major concern
on preventing accidents of the organization.
Impact of Employer concern on Industrial accidents
Same as Employee concern, Employer also has a major impact on Occupational
Accidents of the Organization. Employer has the major responsibility of creating a
safety culture of the organization. Management should be able to understand on
Health and Safety of the organization and educate employees on the ways of
preventing Industrial accidents of the organization. This chapter will describe the
impact of employer concern on industrial accidents
Management practices are meaningfully associated with Occupational Safety.
Thus, while the area of occupational health psychology has long acknowledged the
link between management practices and employee wellbeing, focusing on
management practices might well achieve additional benefits with respect to
employees’ physical safety at work. (J. Barlin, 2015). Providing proper trainings are
the best way to educate and get involvement of the employees regarding Health and
Safety of the organization. Past study has indicate that providing a proper trainings
and educating employees on occupational safety is an important element where could
see the management involvement in creating safety culture of the organization it also
emphasize that the training programs should be changed according sectors in which
they operate (FerikaOzer Sari, 2009). Hence management should involve in training
and educating employees about the occupational safety of the organization. Also both
the employer and employee has to have a commitment on Safety of the organization,
Past study has conclude that in order to have proper Occupational Health and Safety
management system employees should be able to identify the importance of health
and safety of the organization and the safety programs and understand that it is
conducted to protect their own self, and employers also has to understand that they
could earn high profits only if they take care about their employees and also they
describe that all the records of the accidents and the hazards should be properly
documented.( Chijioke,2016)
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Impact of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE’s)
Using of PPE’s also has major impact on Industrial accidents of the organization.
Using PPE’s is can reduce most of the accidents of the organization, but employer
should provide proper PPE’s and employee should have proper concern on using of
PPE’s. This chapter will describe the importance of using PPE’s of the organization
As the third variable could be identifies as using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) All personal protective equipment should be safely designed and constructed,
and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion. It should fit comfortably,
encouraging worker use. If the personal protective equipment does not fit properly, it
can make the difference between being safely covered or dangerously exposed. When
engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are not feasible or do not
provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment
to their workers and ensure its proper use. Employers are also required to train each
worker required to use personal protective equipment (United States department of
labour,2016) this study will be run through these areas
1.2 Introduction to the company
ABC Company (Ceylon) PLC is one of the best beverage manufacturing
company in Sri Lanka, and it has a great history since the beginning. It started in the
beautiful hill country of Sri Lanka by a British planter in 1860. By the products of this
organization they were managed to become one of a Sri Lanka’s benchmarked leaders
in Sri Lanka. With the various kind of beverages they had a continues improvement
and people had recognized this as one of a popular brands of Sri Lanka. This
organization is consist with three more subsidiary companies and all the companies
are under management of ABC Company(Ceylon) PLC, they have been awarded with
many awards including Guinness award for their improvement, it is a manufacturing
company where it has the operation for 24hours and the manufacturing process cannot
be stopped.
The company has been diversified business where they export their products
around the world as well as they import some products from several countries which
the products could not produce here, this is a well-established and reputed company
where their brand has been recognized by countries around the world. They have a
strong relationship with most of the overseas countries. As a good and quality product
producer they were able to compete with their competitors through the good
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management and strategic management skills. The secret behind a successful product
is producing and selling quality products with high customer satisfaction. Company is
having strong management skills with honesty and talented employee which is
strength for the organization improvement. The organization is consist with eleven
departments such as HR, Finance, Marketing, Administration, Retail Sales, IT,
Production, Quality, Packaging, Logistics, procurement department with 275
employees in the whole Organization.
The environment of this company is surrounded by Heavy machineries, forklifts,
and prime over, electrical equipment’s, various kinds of chemicals and dusts. So the
health and safety issues can be occurred easily since the organization is consist of
various kind of hazardousness. So in order to reduce the Likely hood company has to
follow proper safety procedures and employee and employers has to have a proper
concern on Hazards of the organization and ways of preventing.
ABC Company (Ceylon) PLC is following good safety methods but according to
the general register the level of accidents as per the year is high which. It is necessary
of reducing the accident level which has major injuries. According to the reports they
follow proper safety methods and certified with various standards but still accidents
are happening
Therefore this study will emphasize the factors affecting for the industrial
accidents with the variable of employer and employee concern and using of PPE at
the work place. Employer should identified how employees should get involved in
preventing industrial accidents and improving proper safety environment
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.3.1 Research problem
The main problem of ABC Company (Ceylon) PLC is their accidents level is
high compared to the normal level and it has become a major threat for the company,
This Company is practising Health and safety procedures but still they have a
considerable amount of accidents happening during the year. Main purpose of this
research is to find out “The Factors affecting to the Industrial Accidents”
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1.3.2 Research Questions
i. What is the relationship between industrial accidents and Employee Concern
of the Health and Safety practices in the organization?
ii. What is the relationship between Industrial accidents and Employer Concern
of the Health and Safety practices in the organization?
iii. What is the relationship between Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE’s) and industrial accidents of the organization?
1.4 Significance of the study
The main objective is this research to find out the factors affecting Industrial
accidents and the impact of employee employer concern on accidents in the ABC
Company. Health and Safety is an important aspect of an organization and both
employer employees has a responsibility for managing and supporting to Health and
safety procedures of the Organization. This research is mainly concern on the
employer and employee concern on industrial accidents.
The Significance of this research could be beneficial for the organization
management to identify the level of organizational Health and Safety of the
organization and how the factors has been affected in increasing industrial accidents
of the organization, with findings of this research management will be able to identify
the level of employee concern and involvement on Health and Safety of the
organization and from that employer could identify the level of training that should be
conducted for the employees in order to educate them with the safety procedures and
importance of following safety procedures since it helps to reduce industrial accidents
of the organization
This research also could be used to create proper safety environment with the
management involvement and commitment, reducing the accident level of the
organization would help the company to have low absenteeism level, well productive
and motivated employees within the organization, and it would help to productivity
and performance of the organization, so ultimately it supports organization produce
high quality products with the proper time frame.
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