This report critically analyzes the employment relations issues stemming from the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission's February 2017 decision regarding the 4-yearly review of modern awards, specifically focusing on penalty rates. The report delves into the impact of these decisions on various sectors, including hospitality, retail, and fast food, examining changes to Sunday and public holiday penalty rates for full-time, part-time, and casual employees. It discusses the reduction of Sunday penalty rates, particularly for level 1 employees in the fast food industry, and the proposed amendments to these rates across different awards. The report also explores the implications of the transitional arrangements and the ongoing debates surrounding the fairness and effectiveness of these penalty rate adjustments, considering the perspectives of both employers and employees and referencing the relevant modern awards and decisions. The report further examines the public holiday penalty rates and the proposed changes in different sectors. Finally, it presents a critical review of the penalty rates decisions and the issues in duty associated with the topic.