CE 2.1 Project: Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing

This project report details the design and fabrication of image and signal processing techniques. The student, a team member at Eastern Mediterranean University, outlines the project's background, objectives, and methodologies, including the use of pixilation, digital filters, and both ASIC and FPG...Read More

CE 2.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing
Location of the project: Eastern Mediterranean University (Turkey)
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization: Eastern Mediterranean University (Turkey)
Role and Designation during the time: Team Member of the project
CE 2.2 Project Background
CE 2.2.1 Characteristics of the project
Signal and image processing concern with the proper analysis, synthesis as well as
modification of several signals and images. During this project of Design and Fabrication of
Image and Signal Processing I made the design of the various signals and images. I developed
the complex applications like images, signals, and the control processing by broadly sub dividing
into three important steps. I noted that the first step was the study of theoretical abstract of the
algorithm, the second step was the research of the targeted architecture, and final step was proper
implementation. I took up several architectures with this particular design methodology on the
basis of several dedicated coprocessors and processor cores to achieve the required efficiency. I
have implemented both ASIC and the FPGA and hence during the fabrication process, proper
outcome was obtained. After proposing a compact design for the project, I was engaged with the
simulation process. I even compared the various test results before evaluating the efficiencies of
the expected results.

CE 2.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
In this project of Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing, the most
significant area in this type of processing, is designing. Audio signal processing as well as the
digital signal processing were the main application fields in signal processing. For the image
processing, I have identified some of the major techniques like hidden Markov models, linear
filtering, pixelation and many more. While executing this particular project with better
efficiency, I have identified the following objectives:
 To develop image and signal processing.
 To fabricate the signal processing in respect to audio and digital signals.
 To reduce the complexity of processing of image and signals.
 To utilize popular techniques like linear filtering, pixelation and hidden Markov models.
 To blur or sharpen the digital images by using digital filters.
CE 2.2.3 My Area of work
I had to learn about the several techniques of image and signal processing with the help
of various techniques. Thus, before starting my area of work, I made sure that I have gained
enough knowledge regarding image processing and signal processing. Therefore, I researched
about the various techniques of these processing and eventually got the idea that pixilation is
considered as the most efficient technique for digital image processing. I even proposed a
complete design for this particular project and fabricated the project after taking proper readings
from the previous experiments. Reviewing various results was my next area of work. Moreover,
I have also utilized the selected techniques perfectly in this particular project and thus was
successful in providing expected outcomes.

CE 2.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: People included in the project
CE 2.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was assigned for the vital work of providing a compact design to this project. For this
purpose, I had to understand the core concept of circuit designing. I even had to undergo
periodical experiments for reutilizing the existing assets of the particular static architecture. I had
to use back projection algorithm in this project for properly evaluating the results. My other
important responsibility includes calculations of pixels with the huge parallel architectures. I
built the chip of 64 × 64 pixel proof concept, on the standard CMOS process of 35 μm, with size
of 35 × 35 μm for depicting the project effectively. I also selected the chip for executing the
project simulation. This chip had the capability to capture until 10000 images and to process
until 5000 images in one second.

CE 2.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 2.3.1 Comprehending the Theory of the project
This project of Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing dealt with various
techniques of signal and image processing to modify and analyze the images and signals. I
analyzed the most important characteristic of this architecture as the strategy of original memory
access and thus hiding the higher latencies of all the extended recollection. I eventually did this
by utilizing the built-in spatial locality and the temporal locality of the BP algorithm. I had to
consider an extremely higher speed acquisition of analogue VLSI image and the significant
system processing for the lower level images on the basis of reconfigurable SIMD processors. I
perfectly devoted the embedded platform for the involvement of ADCs and FPGA. A particular
metric based approach to estimate the effort of hardware implementation for the application to
relate to number of linear independent path of the algorithms. This particular approach can be
implemented in the design framework that was already pre-existing design known as Design
Trotter and was offered a brand new tool for the reduction of the time.
CE 2.3.2 Engineering Knowledge and Skills applied in the project
I had to use my intense knowledge of circuit designing for successfully executing this
project of Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing. I chose the design flow of
STA or static timing analysis for fabricating the image and signal processing. Regarding the
hardware description languages, I applied my knowledge of system verilog and VHDL. I even
had the domain knowledge of wireless signals and DSP and applied my transistors and process
technologies like FINFET and CMOS. I also had good knowledge of driver software
development and real time operating systems. For the signal processing, I utilized the
transmission control protocols and internet protocols.

CE 2.3.3 Accomplishment and Task Performed
I had selected the technique of pixilation for image processing. The probability of
brightness distribution function is exactly proportional to the calculated brightness probability
density function. I noted that the height in the histogram is corresponding to the pixel n umbers
with the provided brightness.
Figure 2: Brightness distribution function with minimum, median and maximum
indication and Brightness histogram
For the signal processing project, I selected those signals that eventually utilize distance
as the independent parameter and are present within the spatial domain. The main reason for
selecting the spatial domain was that the distance was the measure of space. I checked that the
signals were absolutely discrete and were thus displayed in the figure as few continuous lines.

Figure 3: Two Digitalized signals with different standard deviations and means
Hence, these digital filters helped in sharpen the digital images and I performed the
process of filtering within the spatial domain. I masked the several frequency regions. I had to
use the flow of design, on the basis of HLS or high level synthesis technique and hence I
generated the potentially pipeline RTL architecture. This generated architecture had various
components like register and operator with separate widths. The major constraints in design are
the throughput and the clock period within the application. Therefore, I was successful in
accomplishing the project efficiently.
CE 2.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
2.3.4.1 Issues
The first and the foremost issue that I had faced in this project were using the frequency
as an independent variable. This was not resulting in our frequency domain and hence we were
facing major issues. The next issue that I had faced here was while generating pipeline RTL
architecture. This generated architecture was not at all perfect and thus we were getting

erroneous results. Moreover, I did not take the operators within our RTL architecture and hence
the throughput was erroneous.
2.3.4.2 Solutions
I suggested solutions to all the issues faced. For the first issue of frequency domain, I
provided the suggestion to use DSP since this DSP can easily use frequency within our
frequency domain. This helped in solving the issue of frequencies to a greater level. The next
issue faced was while generating RTL architecture. I gave the suggestion that we should use
registers in this case for removing the problems. Moreover, I identified the major constraints in
the project, which were clock period and throughput.
CE 2.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
We made a proper plan to produce innovative and creative work. At first, we segregated
our jobs and made sure that each and everyone works on the project proactively. Moreover, we
met on regular meetings and thus were able to find out our faults easily.
CE 2.4 Project Review
CE 2.4.1 Project overview
The project of Design and Fabrication of Image and Signal Processing mainly comprised
of the image and signal processing. Image and signal processing is the analysis as well as
modification of signals and images. This project was my second major project in career and
helped me to understand and gain experience in practical world. The project comprised of four
members, which included my project leader, me and my team members. The budget was strictly

followed in the project and documentation was made perfectly. The project was successful with
our collaborative work.
CE 2.4.2 My Contribution to the work
I was the most important part in the project. My most significant contribution to the
project was in the documentation part. I researched about the project and suggested the topic to
my team gained knowledge in this field. I even assisted my project leader during the project
tenure and in absence of him; I leaded the team with my leadership skills. I even arranged for
daily meetings after office hours.