Summer 2019: Managing Energy Resources and Regulations Report

This report delves into the critical aspects of energy resources and regulations, with a specific focus on the United Kingdom's strategies and policies. It begins by outlining the global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the context of the EU's contributions and the Paris Agreement. The report then examines how the UK intends to comply with the pledges expressed by the EU's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), detailing the country's targets, technological approaches, and financial commitments. Furthermore, it explores the UK's approach to reconciling the implementation of environmental targets with economic growth and energy security, including discussions on carbon budgets, technological advancements, and the role of government policies. The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and the need for collaborative international efforts to combat climate change and ensure a sustainable energy future.

Running Head: Managing Resources
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Managing Energy Resources and Regulations
8/11/2019

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Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Contributing to the International efforts towards reduction of Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHGs)............3
How the UK intends to comply with the pledges expressed by the EU INDC.............................................4
How the UK can reconcile the implementation of environmental targets....................................................6
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
This report is including information regarding energy resources and regulations. The several
countries can submit their action plans in the year 2015 but these plans cannot help in reducing
global warming. The EU submitted a great contribution to the new agreement and the region
need to achieve the target related to the reduction of the emissions (Kern and Rogge, 2016). UK
will also support the EU in the process of climate action that included the reduction of
greenhouse emissions. The climate change process affects many developing and developed
countries and creates environmental issues in the climate. EU INDC submitted their great role in
the reduction of greenhouse gases. It is very essential to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
to make the better climate and keep a target of global warming below 2 degree Celsius. This
report includes the contribution of the EU INDC towards the reduction of Greenhouse Gas
emissions and it has clearly stated with examples. The report will explain the pledges which have
mainly focused on government policy, technological and financial drivers. The agreement was
set between the countries to limit the global warming below the 2 degrees C and it has limited to
the 1.5 degrees C. as it was not enough to reduce the global warming (Rogelj, et al., 2016).
Paris Agreement was dealing with the emission of the greenhouse effect under the United
National Framework. The main goal of the Paris agreement is to make the environment
sustainable and to address the climatic change. With the help of this agreement all the developing
and developed countries come together with the common cause to remove the greenhouse effect
and to combat climate changes.

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Contributing to the International efforts towards reduction of Greenhouse Gas emissions
(GHGs)
In the changing climate, the plan is made in regards to the dealing with the greenhouse gas
emission mitigation. Paris agreement was drafted in the 12 December 2015 and it was signed in
the 22 April 2016. The plan was made for the accounting for the 555 for the global gas
greenhouse emissions and it was ratification and accession by the 55 UNFCCC parties. To
mitigate the global warming the plan is made and transform their development trajectories to
sustainable development. The main objective is to limit the temperature below the 2 degree
Celsius (Andresen, et al., 2016). EU was taking several actions to reduce the emission of the
greenhouse gas such as they have started reusing, recycling and reducing the products with
minimal packaging. Carbon dioxide gas can be saved by the country by recycling the waste of
the household. I the developed countries like EU the light bulbs have replaced with the CFL
(Compact fluorescent light).
The European United States has ratified the agreement of greenhouse gases to remove the
emission of global warming (Rajamani, 2016). The Paris agreement was ratified by the European
Union and its member states. The agreement was set between the countries to limit the global
warming below the 2 degrees C and it has limited to the 1.5 degrees C. Many other developed
countries and EU is supporting the climatic actions and contributing to the international efforts to
reduce the greenhouse emission. EU has also built resilience in regards to the climatic change so
that the developing countries also continue to reduce the emissions. To fight the climatic change,
the EU has played a major role as they are at the forefront of international efforts. The broad
coalition has been made by the EU between the developing and developed countries so that the
agreement of Paris can turn into high ambition.
To submit the intended contribution in the emission of the greenhouse effect EU was the first
economy in the major agreement. It was contributed by the EU’s nationally that at least 40%
greenhouse gas will be reduced by 2030 and many emissions have been made in the climate and
energy framework. To fulfill the objectives of reducing the greenhouse effect is a very
developing country several steps are taken which has explained through examples such as in

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developed countries people used to buy energy-efficient products. CFL lights are used in the
homes as they give the appearance of the natural-looking light which also used less energy than
the other standard light bulbs (Anenberg, et al., 2012). The emission of the greenhouse can be
done by planting the trees as it helps in giving more oxygen and absorbing the carbon dioxide.
The environment can be free from global warming if people take some actions and start
encouraging others to save the environment.
How the UK intends to comply with the pledges expressed by the EU INDC
The earth was given a warning by scientists that if emissions of greenhouse gas began to rise by
this amount, then it would become dangerous for all beings to survive. To avoid the threat to the
beings and to reduce the greenhouse gas emission an agreement was signed by many countries.
In Paris, the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in the year 2015. The
conference focused on the issues of global warming and its effects. 196 countries come to terms
about an agreement which brings down the effect of climate change. The agreement talks about
bringing down the global warming below 2°C. Each and every party in the agreement was asked
to make a pledge in order to reduce emission with responsibilities and capabilities. Many of the
countries pledged, for example, EU pledged to minimize its emission by at least 40% below
1990 on the behalf of the UK and other EU nations (Falkner, 2016). Among several countries,
the UK also signed the agreement. The country has already set its aim to reduce greenhouse
gases at least 80% by the year 2050. But, in addition to the Paris agreement, the government
decided to reduce domestic pollution or domestic emissions to net-zero.
The country has also handed over £5.8billion to the International Climate Fund. The country has
no doubt put a great effort to reduce the greenhouse emission by at least 80% but this is not
possible without technology. Suitable and currently used technologies can be a great help to help
the UK achieve its long term target. Greenhouse gas emission can be reduced a lot by
afforestation (Liobikienė and Butkus, 2017). Planting more and more trees will provide pure air
and a lot of oxygen. Another way is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Putting them
together can help to reduce the emission by 70 MtCO per year. But achieving the target of net-₂
zero emission would require further greenhouse gases to be removed from the climate. There
will be a need of 100 MtCO to be reduced per year in the UK to achieve their target of net zero-₂

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emission. There are many technologies which the UK should adopt. Some of them are carbon
capture and storage infrastructure, afforestation, wood in construction, and sustainable bioenergy
crops. The government should also focus on the electricity polls to be built every there to
strengthen in places so as to meet the wishes of the new generation (Dimitrov, 2016). But before
using the technologies, a strategy should be made to remove the emission. The strategy should
contain measurement of land carbon, should gain the impacts of the life cycle of bioenergy crops
and solar geoengineering. Solar geoengineering involves the spraying of reflective particles in
the atmosphere. It also happens due to volcanic eruption. Other technologies are BECCS, soil
carbon management which involves gaining back degraded soil from a method called “no-till”
agriculture, biochar which adding of organic matter to the soil which in back locks up the CO ,₂
magnesium cement which involves magnesium oxide thus absorbing CO .₂ (Pye, et al., 2017).
The UK now currently takes part in the negotiations to reduce the emission by 40% in1990 levels
by 2030. The UK2050 aim is based on the verdict that on an average person, the greenhouse gas
emission should not be more by the global average in previous years. In order to reduce
emission, the UK has contributed less emission in agriculture, more from industries and high
emissions from aviation. In order to remove emission, the UK has permissions to grant potential
to capture carbon dioxide but it does not have enough land for growing bioenergy. For removal
of per tonne of CO , hundreds of dollars can be charged and additional costs on transports. In₂
recent years, Met Office, BEIS and the UK research council have announced to raise the funds
up to £8.4 billion for fundamental research for over four years (Oberthür and Groen, 2018). The
step taken by the UK to remove the emission before any country does can be a little smaller due
to some social and technical barriers. So GGR option complements to the reduction of
greenhouse gas emission. In order to meet the fifth carbon budget, the UK must need to emerge
from 2015 to 2030. The fifth carbon budget is more targetable and achievable. It is more close to
remove emissions from the atmosphere by 2030 than by the UK which pledged in the Paris
agreement.
The government should provide a healthy budget to the citizens so as to remove the emission by
providing emission reduction devices. If all the areas would sell it at a cheaper rate, then the rate
of emission will be decreased at great speed and faster than the estimated target. The government
has set its plan to achieve carbon budgets. There can be further ways to remove these emissions

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can be done by supporting upcoming technologies, by doing innovations and by producing
environmental friendly things. There is very low funding for development and GGR research.
The UK has provided its funds but it is not enough to meet the demands so as to achieve the
target (Du Pont, et al., 2017). The funds are needed to be extended to develop a worthwhile
strategy. Overall, the UK has done its best in reducing the greenhouse gas emission to a lot.
Studies have shown that UK emissions have fallen down to a lot and some of the areas have
gained benefit and are progressed in the fields of electric vehicles, reusing renewable heat and
supporting windmills. The studies conclude that the UK’s current policies have been very helpful
in diminishing emissions to a great level (Dodman, 2009). If this continues then about half of the
greenhouse gas emission can be removed if started form now to 2030. The UK can achieve its
net zero-emission and can become the first one to achieve this. But technologies should now
begin to develop as they make take a decade or so to be developed. So if we want to reduce the
greenhouse gas emission by 2050 then we should start developing the machines and other
technological devices from now.
How the UK can reconcile the implementation of environmental targets
The government of the UK has set several acts and implemented that in the country so that the
greenhouse effect can be reduced and the environment can be ensured with reliable energy
securities. The act was legislated in the UK which was set in 2008 to respond and tackle the
climatic change. 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced as it was the long term
target of the UK by 2050. The economic growth and employment are stimulated by the
decarbonisation. The GDP of the country UK can be increased if the economic policies are
implemented which will create the synergies between the climate and other energy things. The
main goal of the UK government is to produce the 20% electricity by renewable energy
production by 2020 so it was implemented and actions are taken to affect the demand of energy
consumption and supply (Schleussner, et al., 2016).
Due to the advancement in the technological sector, the energy sector has been grown up. The oil
and the gas industry faces many problems due to the advances in technology. The power and the
utility industry has a positive impact on the country UK. Due to the advancement in the
technology, the low cost has been indulged in the power and the utility industry and the

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production of the natural gas has been maintained. The drilling efficiencies have been improved
and advancement in the technology is driving more shale formations which are producing more
hydrocarbons. Technologies are upgraded and advance so they produce less carbon and prevent
the environment of from many damages (Jackson, et al., 2017).
If the carbon will be /produced in the lower manner than many environmental problems have
been prevented which are prevailing in the air, soil, water which are causing noise and waste in
the ecosystem. New technologies also reuse any energy resources so it reduces pollution and
provides friendly environments. The UK has implemented many things to prevent the
environments as they start using the updated technologies which are spreading less carbon and
they also reuse, recycle and reduce the wastage. To make the environments more sustainable and
to the energy, policies have been implemented in the UK which mainly focus on the renewal of
the coal and on the green renewable alternatives (Rogelj, et al., 2017).

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Conclusion
From the above report, it is concluded that there are many factors which are responsible for the
greenhouse gas so in this report the explanation of the Paris agreement has done. The main goal
of these agreements was to reduce the greenhouse effect and make the global environments.
There are many developed countries which have supported this agreement but the EU was the
first economic power who has contributed in this and taken several actions to reduce the
Greenhouse Gas emissions. In this report, the pledges have been explained which mainly focuses
on the technological, government policy and the financial drivers. EU INDC mainly focuses on
the global environments so they also implemented environments targets which focus on the
decarbonisation of the economy and the issues related to the energy securities and supplies. In
this report, the regulations and the policies on energy availability have explained and the impact
of technological advancement in the energy sector has also evaluated. The emission of the
greenhouse can be done by planting the trees as it helps in giving more oxygen and absorbing the
carbon dioxide. The environment can be free from global warming if people take some actions
and start encouraging others to save the environment.

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References
Andresen, S., Skjærseth, J.B., Jevnaker, T. and Wettestad, J., (2016) The Paris Agreement:
Consequences for the EU and Carbon Markets?. Politics and Governance, 4(3), pp.188-196.
Anenberg, S.C., Schwartz, J., Shindell, D., Amann, M., Faluvegi, G., Klimont, Z., Janssens-
Maenhout, G., Pozzoli, L., Van Dingenen, R., Vignati, E. and Emberson, L., (2012) Global air
quality and health co-benefits of mitigating near-term climate change through methane and black
carbon emission controls. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(6), pp.831-839.
Dimitrov, R.S., (2016) The Paris agreement on climate change: Behind closed doors. Global
Environmental Politics, 16(3), pp.1-11.
Dodman, D., (2009) Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas
emissions inventories. Environment and urbanization, 21(1), pp.185-201.
Du Pont, Y.R., Jeffery, M.L., Gütschow, J., Rogelj, J., Christoff, P. and Meinshausen, M., (2017)
Equitable mitigation to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. Nature Climate Change, 7(1), p.38.
Falkner, R., (2016) The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate
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