Rapid Prototyping with Arduino: ENG434s1 Coursework, 2018/19

This document presents a comprehensive solution for an Arduino-based rapid prototyping coursework. The assignment focuses on three key projects: controlling the brightness of an LED using push buttons (fading LED), reading data from a temperature sensor and logging it to an SD card (Sensor Reading and Data logging), and creating a monitoring system for a smart home using multiple sensors (Photocell Sensor, LM35 Temperature Sensor, and Analog Sound Sensor). The solution includes detailed hardware descriptions, circuit diagrams, and Arduino sketches for each project. The student has successfully implemented each system, demonstrating the ability to control LED brightness, read and log sensor data, and create a basic smart home monitoring system. The report also includes a literature review of Arduino's applications and references supporting the design choices.

Rapid Prototyping using Arduino
Student Name –
Student ID -

Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review..................................................................................................................................3
Fading LED.............................................................................................................................................4
Sensor Reading and Data logging..........................................................................................................5
Smart Home...........................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................7

Introduction
In this task, Rapid prototyping has been done using Arduino. The 3 systems implemented are
– the Fading LED, Sensor Reading and Data Logging and a Smart home. Initially, the
requirements are carefully examined. Next, the hardware structure of Arduino is studied
along with various pins and their functions. Finally, we design the hardware structure of the
required system. The Arduino sketch is then created for the system. The sketch helps to
configure the pins as input and output and defines the functioning of various pins. Various
sensors are used in these tasks which are chosen from the list mentioned.
Literature Review
Arduino is the first open source hardware and software computer company which designs and
uses development boards which are based on microcontrollers (Arduino, 2015). With the
introduction of Arduino which is an open source platform, the Do It Yourself projects in the
field of electronics have become easier to implement ( Schmidt, 2015 ). Now a days, open
source hardware is becoming significant for research activities ( Nayyar & Puri, 2016 ).
Arduino board can be used as a tool to study and in research work ( Louis, 2016 ). Arduino is
a type of microcontroller which is very simple to use and has a large number of sensors as
well as libraries which help to enhance its capabilities (Barbon et al, 2016). There are many
examples where efficient systems have been designed using Arduino. Some of them are
discussed here. A weather monitoring station can be designed using Arduino for data
collection (Wanless, 2018). The Arduino based educational mobile robots can be easily
integrated in Robot Operating System ( Araújo, 2015 ). A cost effective and energy efficient
smart drip irrigation system can be designed using raspberry pi and arduino ( Agrawal &
Singhal, 2015). A low cost intelligent smart home automation and security system can be
designed using Arduino and Wi – Fi ( Chandramohan et al, 2017 ). A heart rate monitoring
system can be designed through finger tip by using arduino and a processing software
( Mallick & Patro, 2016 ).

Fading LED
In this case, an Arduino sketch is created to control LED brightness using 2 push buttons, B1
and B2. We are using B1 to increase the brightness and B2 to decrease the brightness. A
buzzer is also included to indicate when the maximum or minimum brightness is reached. We
require an Arduino (Uno), a breadboard, connecting wires, 2 push buttons and an LED.
We connect an LED on pin 11. Two push buttons with pull-down resistors are used. The
pushbutton connected to pin 10 increases the LED's brightness. The pushbutton connected to
pin 9 decreases the LED's brightness.
Hardware :
The hardware used for fading LED is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1
Figure 2

We have also connected a digital buzzer to pin 3 as shown in figure 2.
Sensor Reading and Data logging
In this case, an Arduino sketch is created to read a sensor and then the data is written on an
SD card. LM35 Linear Temperature Sensor has been used here, as shown in figure 3.
Figure 3
Connection of SD Card to SPI bus is done as follows : MOSI to pin 11, MISO to pin 12,
CLK to pin 13 and CS to pin 4 ( MKRZero SD – SDCARD_SS_PIN).
The Arduino is configured to write to the SD card. The data is read from the temperature
sensor and stored in a variable. The variable value is then written to the SD card.
Smart Home
In this case, an Arduino sketch has been created for a monitoring system which can monitor,
record and display sensor data for 3 different types. The sensors used are : Photocell Sensor
( Pin A0), LM35 Temperature Sensor ( Pin A1 ) and Analog Sound Sensor ( Pin A2 ). We
have connected push button to pin 13. The hardware connection for the Photocell Sensor is
shown in figure 4. The data read from the 3 pins where the 3 sensors are connected is stored
in 3 different variables. The values stored in these variables are then displayed on an LCD,

one by one. For example – when the push button is pressed for the first time, then reading of
photocell sensor is shown on the LCD; when the push button is pressed for the second time,
then reading of LM35 Temperature Sensor is shown on the LCD and when the push button is
pressed for the third time, then reading of Analog Sound Sensor is shown on the LCD. In this
manner, all the sensors’ data can be read from the LCD, one by one.
Figure 4
Conclusion
The 3 systems mentioned have been designed. The hardware as well as the connections have
been described in detail. The Arduino sketch has been generated for all the 3 cases. The
required components have been used and connected and the configuration has been designed
as per the requirement. The Arduino sketch has been successfully designed. The systems
designed are capable of controlling the brightness of an LED using push buttons, reading a
sensor data and writing it to an SD card and building a smart home using at least 3 sensors. It
is found that many useful application based projects can be easily designed using Arduino.

References
Arduino, S. A. (2015). Arduino. Arduino LLC.
Wanless, S. (2018). Arduino Weather Monitoring Station.
Araújo, A., Portugal, D., Couceiro, M. S., & Rocha, R. P. (2015). Integrating Arduino-based
educational mobile robots in ROS. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 77(2), 281-298.
Schmidt, M. (2015). Arduino: a quick-start guide. Pragmatic Bookshelf.
Nayyar, A., & Puri, V. (2016, March). A review of Arduino board's, Lilypad's & Arduino shields.
In 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development
(INDIACom) (pp. 1485-1492). IEEE.
Louis, L. (2016). WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ARDUINO AND U SING IT. International Journal of
Control, Automation, Communication and Systems (IJCACS), 1(2), 21-29.
Agrawal, N., & Singhal, S. (2015, May). Smart drip irrigation system using raspberry pi and arduino.
In International Conference on Computing, Communication & Automation (pp. 928-932). IEEE.
Barbon, G., Margolis, M., Palumbo, F., Raimondi, F., & Weldin, N. (2016). Taking Arduino to the
Internet of Things: the ASIP programming model. Computer Communications, 89, 128-140.
Chandramohan, J., Nagarajan, R., Satheeshkumar, K., Ajithkumar, N., Gopinath, P. A., &
Ranjithkumar, S. (2017). Intelligent smart home automation and security system using Arduino and
Wi-fi. International Journal of Engineering And Computer Science (IJECS), 6(3), 20694-20698.
Mallick, B., & Patro, A. K. (2016). Heart rate monitoring system using finger tip through arduino and
processing software. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), 5(1), 84-89.