Analysis and Design of Engineered Landfill for Solid Waste

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of engineered landfills for solid waste management, focusing on the Indian context. It begins with an introduction to the growing population and subsequent increase in solid waste generation, highlighting the need for effective waste management solutions. The report then delves into the description and scope of the issue, including the generation of waste from various sources, the analysis of land fillable wastes, and the collection of waste products. It explores the development of landfilling processes, including the evolution from open dumping to engineered landfills, and discusses the processes of landfilling systems, such as leachate and landfill gas collection. The report also covers the equipment and tools required for landfilling, as well as any constraints. The objective is to analyze solid wastes and using it to fill lands, discussing the norms, techniques and process of the solid waste management. The report emphasizes the importance of engineered landfills in mitigating environmental pollution and promoting sustainable waste management practices. This report is available on Desklib, a platform offering AI-based study tools.

Running head - ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ENGINEERED LANDFILL FOR SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Name and Code of the unit
Analysis and design of engineered landfill for solid waste management
Name of the student
Name of the supervisor
Name of the university

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ENGINEERED LANDFILL FOR SOLID WASTE
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Table of Contents
OBJECTIVE........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND........................................................................2
DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE............................................................................................3
Generation of waste.........................................................................................................3
Analysis of land fillable wastes.......................................................................................4
Collection of waste products...........................................................................................5
Development of landfilling processes.............................................................................5
Processes of landfilling systems and collection process..................................................7
EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS REQUIRED.........................................................................8
CONSTRAINTS IF ANY....................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................10

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OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of the report is to analyze solid wastes and using it to fill lands.
Thus, the activity would be a part of solid waste management (Yedla 2019). The project also
aims to discuss the purpose of using the process at India due to the rise of solid waste. As the
solid waste cannot be dumped on the lands without treatment, or discharged to the water without
treating them, new application of engineered landfill is being used for getting rid of the solid
wastes. Thus, the project report would be discussing the norms, techniques and process of the
solid waste management.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
India, is country whose population index have been rising as every decade is passing. As
per the 2017, the population of the country have reached to 133.92 corers (Nagarajappa 2019).
This exponential rise in the population have given rise to many issues. For supporting the rise in
population, there have been an increase in construction of housing complexes and industries.
These have been generating solid waste products in a huge amount. Thus, there have been
scarcity of treatment plants for either treating these waste products completely or completely
making them to reuse. Therefore, for finding alternative to the solid waste management, new
techniques have been analyzed and put into use which would solve the problem of the solid
waste management (Bagchi and Bhattacharya 2015) Engineers have discovered that the solid
waste products that is being generated as both industrial waste products and domestic waste
products could be used as a medium for filling empty lands or lands that have been excavated.
The management of solid waste products have been an important issue and aspects for
boosting the development of many developing nation such as India, China, Argentina, and many

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more countries (Idowu et al. 2019). The management of solid waste products have transformed
landfills that were subsequently made for hazardous waste management into sanitary landfills
and other non-hazardous wastes. This method have been adopted as a prime practice around the
globe for managing municipal solid wastes (De Silva et al. 2015). Disposal of the wastes in open
landfill have been a common method that have been adopted to get rid of the solid wastes. The
wastes are dumped in the open that have given rise in pollution of land and air as well. Dumping
the waste in the open land have not only given rise of several environmental issues, but it have
also damaged the natural resources (Gwenzi et al. 2016). In developed countries, engineers have
developed the technique that allows them to deposit the waste product into landfills and also
allows them to control the generation of natural gas. These design procedures are equipped to
handle the parameter that deals with natural resource utilization. Although the basic design of the
landfills were to made to handle the landfill of the solid wastes that have been dumped, the
design for the harvest of the natural gases have also been improved in those developed countries.
Thus, after the deposit of the solid waste in the landfills, these lands have been engineered to
some extent for the enhancement of gas generation rates so, the collection of natural gases like
LPG could be harvested (Garibay-Rodriguez et al. 2018).
DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE
Generation of waste
Waste is being generated on a daily basis from households, industries and other
commercial activities that is taken place. One of the largest source of the waste management by
nature is the waste that is generated by household. The solid waste consists of materials like
metal scraps, glasses, and chunk of plastics, paper, textile and organic matters which are mixed
with one another. This waste is generated in small amounts that adds up with one another and

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increasing in quantity. The associations that deals with the waste management in different
countries are in composition of many variables, which includes both geographically and
seasonally (Owusu-Nimo et al. 2019). The sources of the sanitary waste products could be
broadly divided into categories like – households, restaurants and hotels, markets, commercial
buildings, hospitals, and waste accumulated from cleaning streets. Depositing the waste on the
land could make them contaminate the land and the water and the gases such as carbon dioxide
and other harmful gases are produced. Methane is also produced from the sanitary and domestic
waste products that is dumped in the land and left over for landfill. Carbon dioxide and methane
is responsible of the rise of greenhouse effect. Other chemical like phenol, toluene, benzene,
ammonia, poly-chlorinated biphenyls and other heavy metal compounds are produced from the
wastes that is used for the landfill. These chemicals pass through the soil and enters the ground
water table and contaminating the water. Thus, technological upgrades is needed for correcting
the process.
Analysis of land fillable wastes
The wastes that is used for the landfilling should be strictly limited to non-biodegradable,
inert wastes and other wastes which are nor suitable for the depositing from either recycling or
biological processing. The process of landfilling should be restricted for the residue of the waste
processing facilities and also to preprocess that have been rejected from the waste processing
facilities. Mixed waste should be avoided for using in the landfilling process until the waste have
been found to be unsuitable for waste processing (Chougule 2016).
The different types that could be used for the landfilling processes are –
a. Comingled waste, the mixed kind of waste that is unsuitable for waste processing.

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b. Waste products that have been from both preprocessing and post-processing from the
sites used for waste processing.
c. Non-hazardous waste products that have not been used for the processing or recycling.
Collection of waste products
The collection of the waste products is done in many forms. In developing countries like
India, it follows a certain process. Governing bodies have set systems and departments for
dealing the process of such matters. The Municipal Corporation is responsible for the collection
of the waste products (Meegoda, Hettiarachchi and Hettiaratchi 2016). Garbage trucks are
enacted for collecting the waste products that are thrown out from the streets. Other solid
sanitary wastes are collected at the treatment plants from where it is transformed to the landfill
areas.
Development of landfilling processes
Before the complete understanding of the landfill technology, waste products were
deposited and dumped over open land. It was considered that placing the waste on the upper
layer of the earth’s crust was the only possible and safe way for getting rid of the wastes that
have been generated (Naveen, Sitharam and Sivapullaiah 2019). However, due to the increase in
the waste quantity due to the recent development in urbanization and industrialization, the
process of landfilling have also upgraded. Due to the controlled landfilling, there have been
potential sources of pollution at different parts of the environment. Many accidents have been
reported due to this uncontrolled process of landfilling. Thus, landfilling have been upgraded.

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Fig – 1 Landfill representation
Source – (Yedla 2019).
In the following figure, certain extent of engineering were made for upgrading the
landfilling. The figure shows how landfilling is done. The location of the landfilling are based
upon several factors and the environmental impact assessment is also mandatory for siting the
landfill. The availability of land for an extended period of time is and the availability of the cover
material are also some major factors that have to be taken into account for the selection of site
for landfilling. For the implementation of the engineering factors, the process of landfilling have
tightened many applications and environmental cells for the betterment of waste decomposition.
As, the result of sealing the lid of the cell carefully, nuisances of public would be reduced and it
would also improving the anaerobic condition of the cell thus reducing the life span of the
landfill. The anaerobic bacteria produced due to the condition would be helpful for the process of

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decomposition (Pandey, Shrivastava and Tiwari 2017). This process would help in increasing the
emission of LPG and it would escape to the atmosphere which is a potential threat to from the
process. The escape of the LPG would increase the risk of global warming. However, LPG is a
potential source of energy and the process depends on the formation and composition of the
waste and many other conditions.
Processes of landfilling systems and collection process
Various processes could be used in the process of landfilling. The processes namely are –
Leachate collection system, Landfill Gas Collection System, Waste processing and Composting
system.
In the leachate collection system, pipes are to be embedded at a drainage media that
would effectively collect the leachates. The drainage medium would also flow in the leachate
collection system. There would be a barrier made of geo-textile which would be placed at top of
the drainage system. It is placed to ensure that drainage or only liquid percolation is passed and
thus it would also help in ensuring that the media through which drainage is happening is not
chocked (Rajesh, Babel and Mishra 2016).
In the landfill gas collection system, there is a cover which is made of daily and
intermitted soil. It is placed over the waste on a regular basis which helps in ensuring that there is
no generation of odor from the system. The cover also acts like a barrier that helps in providing
the system free from fire and it is also effective at the movement of the waste trucks that is
dumping the waste at the landfill. The cover also provide minimization to the menace caused by
birds and lowering the exposure to the waste. The landfill gas vents and the gas collection system
should be fitted before capping. This is done to ensure that there is no generation of gases in the

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landfill. Thus, in this process, whenever excess gases are produced, it is collected for energy
production (Lakshmikanthan 2018).
EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS REQUIRED
There are several essential components and tools that are required for the process of
landfilling. These tools helps in treating the wastes and storing the solid waste products (Pandey,
Shrivastava and Tiwari 2017).
The various kinds of tools and equipment used in the landfilling system are
a. Liner system situated at the base and also the side of the area used for landfill that would
be helping in preventing the leachate migration and gases that have been surrounding the
soil.
b. A gas collecting chamber and a facility that is controlled. It would help in collecting the
gas from inside and top of the landfill and then the facility would be treating the gases of
further usage.
c. A chamber for collecting the leachate produced and a facility that would help in creating
and controlling the leachate from inside and at the base of the landfill facility.
d. A lid for finally covering the landfill at the top of the landfill. The cover system should be
enhanced in surface drainage and it should be preventing infiltration of water in the
landfill and protects the landfill from vegetation at the surface level.
e. There should be surface drainage system for water that would be collecting and removing
the surface runoff at the landfill site.

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f. Finally an environmental monitoring system that would help in monitoring periodically
and collecting and analyzing the air, water at surface level, soil gas and the ground
sample around the landfill.
CONSTRAINTS IF ANY
The construction landfills could only be prevented due to financial crisis of the
unavailability of correct land for supporting the necessary conditions needed for creating a
sustainable landfill area (Lakshmikanthan 2018).
CONCLUSION
Thus, the project repost could be concluded by providing an insight about the need, scope
and importance of landfill for solid waste management. The study have thoroughly discussed
about the need of landfill and how it would be useful for both humans and the environment. It
have also thoroughly discussed about the working of landfills and different processes how waste
could be collected for landfilling. The project report have also discussed about the development
of landfilling through the ages. It have also discussed about the equipment and tools that is
needed for creating successful landfill.

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REFERENCES
Bagchi, A. and Bhattacharya, A., 2015. Post-closure care of engineered municipal solid waste
landfills. Waste Management & Research, 33(3), pp.232-240.
Chougule, M.B., 2016. An Analytical Study of Solid Waste Management Project: Manure and
Fuel Generation through Urban Solid Waste. International Journal of Engineering
Science, 4819.
De Silva, V.R.S., Balasooriya, B.L.C.B., Janasinghe, V.H.G.N.R., Priyankara, N.H.,
Alagiyawanna, A.M.N. and Kawamoto, K., 2015. Development of a Finite Element Method to
Evaluate Slope Stability of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills using Probabilistic
Approach. ACEPS 2015, p.92.
Garibay-Rodriguez, J., Laguna-Martinez, M.G., Rico-Ramirez, V. and Botello-Alvarez, J.E.,
2018. Optimal municipal solid waste energy recovery and management: A mathematical
programming approach. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 119, pp.394-405.
Gwenzi, W., Gora, D., Chaukura, N. and Tauro, T., 2016. Potential for leaching of heavy metals
in open-burning bottom ash and soil from a non-engineered solid waste
landfill. Chemosphere, 147, pp.144-154.
Idowu, I.A., Atherton, W., Hashim, K., Kot, P., Alkhaddar, R., Alo, B.I. and Shaw, A., 2019. An
analyses of the status of landfill classification systems in developing countries: Sub Saharan
Africa landfill experiences. Waste Management, 87, pp.761-771.
Lakshmikanthan, P., 2018. Evaluation of the Engineering properties of Municipal Solid Waste
for landfill design(Doctoral dissertation).

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Meegoda, J.N., Hettiarachchi, H. and Hettiaratchi, P., 2016. Landfill design and
operation. Sustainable Solid Waste Management; American Society of Civil Engineers: Reston,
VA, USA, pp.577-604.
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