Enterprise Architecture Management Plan Report for Cisco Systems

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of an Enterprise Architecture Management Plan, using Cisco Systems as a case study. It explores various aspects, including project management, governance principles, support for business strategy, enterprise architecture roles and responsibilities, program budgeting, and performance measures. The report delves into Cisco's current architecture, strategic planning, and initiatives, covering business services, systems, applications, technology infrastructure, and IT security. Furthermore, it examines enterprise architecture standards, workforce requirements, and future architecture scenarios. The discussion also includes planning assumptions, updating current and future views, and sequencing plans, culminating in a conclusion that summarizes the key findings. The report highlights how Cisco leverages enterprise architecture to achieve its business goals and maintain a competitive edge in the market.

Running head: ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Enterprise architecture management plan
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................1
Discussion:.......................................................................................................................................2
Enterprise Architecture Project Management:.............................................................................2
Governance and Principles:.....................................................................................................2
Support for Strategy and Business:..........................................................................................3
Enterprise Architecture Roles And Responsibilities:..............................................................4
Enterprise Architecture Program Budget:...............................................................................4
Enterprise Architecture Performance Measures:.....................................................................5
EA current architecture summary:...............................................................................................6
Strategic Planning and Initiatives:...........................................................................................6
Business Services and Information:.........................................................................................7
Systems and Applications:.......................................................................................................8
Technology Infrastructure:......................................................................................................9
IT security:.............................................................................................................................10
Enterprise Architecture Standards:........................................................................................11
Workforce Requirements:......................................................................................................11
EA Future Architecture Summary:............................................................................................12
Future Operation Scenario:....................................................................................................12
Planning Assumption:............................................................................................................13

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Updating current and Future Views:......................................................................................14
Sequencing Plan:...................................................................................................................15
Configuration Management:..................................................................................................15
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................16
References:....................................................................................................................................17

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Introduction:
The purpose of this report is to discuss the various aspects of Enterprise Architecture
Management Plan. The Enterprise Architecture Management plan involves the following of
certain guidelines and a particular architecture for the smooth running of the business of the
organization. The report demands the choosing of a certain organization in order to better
understand the concept of Enterprise Architecture Management. The concept can be used in
order to develop the architecture of the organization, which will play a major role in achieving
the long-term goal of the organization. The organization that has been chosen for the report is the
Cisco Systems organization, which is a well-reputed organization. The Cisco Systems is an
American multinational organization (Cisco 2018). The headquarters of the organization is based
in San Jose, located in California. The Cisco is responsible for the selling of the various
networking devices and for the development of the various telecommunication equipments. The
organization is also responsible for the production of the high quality technology devices. The
main domain of the organization is the working on the Internet of Things technology. The other
technology on which the organization works is the energy management and the domain security
technology. Among the networking companies, Cisco is the largest company. The organization
was found by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner in December, 1984. Both the founders were
educated from the Stanford University. The founders built the concept of local area network and
used it to connect the various computers in the area by the use of router system.
There are a number of products that are being manufactured by the Cisco. The
organization works on three main sections. The three sections comprise of an enterprise as a
whole and the provider of the service, business firms, which are not very developed, and the

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service that is provided at the homes. Over the last three decades, the organization has shown a
large growth around the globe especially in the Asia Pacific region. Cisco has occupies a major
share of the Australian market. The Cisco has been able to capture the all sections of the market.
The Cisco has captured the market in the recent years in various sectors. The Voice over IP
service by the Cisco organization has been the most common service that is been provided by the
organization (Cisco 2018). The Cisco has become a major vendor of voice over IP in the
enterprise sector and now is trying to expand its service to the homes as well. Cisco provides
voice over IP service to the various cable providers and to the major companies, which use the
facility of the voice over IP such as Skype, Microsoft and Yahoo. The Cisco is also responsible
for providing cloud-based service to the various organizations. The cloud is a new technology,
all the organization is looking forward to the adoption of the technology, and as a result, the
Cisco is being approached to provide the service about the reputation it holds.
Discussion:
Enterprise Architecture Project Management:
Governance and Principles:
There are certain set of guidelines and principles that needs to be followed in order to
implement the concept of enterprise architecture management plan. The Cisco being a well-
organized company also adhered to the guidelines which makes it the largest network provider.
The framework that is followed by the organization is that the enterprise follows the four sectors
that is of business, operation, system and technology. The company sticks to these four main
principles in order to implement the enterprise architecture management plan in an effective way.
The reference architecture involves the providing of the taxonomy in the common form and the

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architecture involves the promotion of cross collaboration. The operational architecture, which is
one of the four architectures, is responsible for the providing of the context, which can be used to
identify the gap that is present in the business (Gollenia and Lars Alexander 2016). The
operation architecture also includes the points that can pose a threat to the capability of
expansion of the business. All the requirements that is related to the operations is related to the
system architecture and the system architecture in turn is related to the technologies that are
responsible for powering of the systems of the organization. The satisfaction of the four sections
in the process of the proper implementation of the enterprise architecture management plan can
accelerate the business by a great deal.
Support for Strategy and Business:
The enterprise architecture management plan is also responsible for either providing the
strategy to expand a particular business or to give ideas as to how a new business can be set up
such that the business can make ample amount of profit. The Cisco organization uses the
Enterprise Architecture Management Plan in order to expand the business to more number of
customers. The implementation of the Enterprise Architecture Management plan also involves
the inclusion of the proper marketing strategy, which help in reaching more number of
customers. This will help in maximizing the profit of the business (Kerzner, Harold and Harold
R. Kerzner 2017). When the Cisco is releasing any new product then the use of the concept of
Enterprise Architecture Management plan can help in the proper planning of how the new
product can reach the maximum number of customers. In the new businesses, the Enterprise
Architecture Management plan can help in not only the proper management of the product but
also the proper management of the people involved in the business. A close analysis will provide
the list of the employees who are suitable for carrying out the project.

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Enterprise Architecture Roles And Responsibilities:
The successful implementation of the Enterprise Architecture management plan requires
the working of trained and skilled personnel. Any person who does not have the proper
knowledge of the role that needs to be carried out cannot help in adding productivity to the
organization. The understanding of one’s role is the most important for carrying out the task in a
proper manner. For this reason, Cisco provides a handbook on the roles and responsibilities of an
EA manager, which has details of all the works that needs to be carried out. The roles had the
business architects, operation architects, system architects and the technology architects. These
four comprise the main role of an EA manager. The roles were more focused on following the
business strategies. The way in which the concept of Enterprise Architecture Management plan
can be implemented as to increase the productivity of the business is also discussed (Lapalme et
al. 2016). The roles not only involve the implementation of the points mentioned in the
handbook but also most importantly involve the innovation of new ideas that add value to the
points already laid down in the handbook. The job roles that are mentioned should follow the
guidelines that are mentioned by the organization in each of the section. The job roles that are
mentioned follow relates information technology to business. The Cisco offers special courses
and certifications for the IT architecture management role.
Enterprise Architecture Program Budget:
The main issue that is involved with the various organizations is that before the
implementation of the Enterprise Architecture concept, the organizations do not prepare the
budget for the program. The implementation of the Enterprise Architecture concept may involve
the implementation of the various technologies. The improvement of the business may require
the installation of a number of different facilities or technologies that is demanded by the

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Enterprise Architecture plan (Alzoubi 2018). In this way in the process of implementing the
various technologies and facilities, the organization may end up exceeding the budget. In the end
of the year during the calculation of the budget the company, may find that the organization has
end up in loss rather than profit by the implementation of the various technologies. Due to this
reason, Cisco plans the budget before proceeding with any of the program. By the enterprise
architecture system, the organization will know what facilities or technologies would be required
for the particular project. In this way, Cisco allots a certain sum to the each of the sections. This
helps in the proper planning and spending the money that has been allotted for the particular
purpose. This will help in not exceeding the budget in the end of the year (Donaldson 2015).
Separate money has been kept allotted for the purpose of emergency. Such proper planning helps
in the proper management of the resources such that the organization can profit in business and
cover up the cost by the implementation of the enterprise architecture plan.
Enterprise Architecture Performance Measures:
The total measure of the performance of the result of implementation of the Enterprise
Architecture plan is made based on the performance of the each sector. For achieving a high
performance, the four main sectors should be satisfied that is the reference architecture,
operation architecture, operation architecture, system architecture and the business architecture.
The individual performance of each of these sectors is checked in order to obtain the final
performance of the implementation of the process of the enterprise architecture (Kasemsap
2015). There should be a parameter for measurement of the performance of the all the employees
present in each of the departments. This helps Cisco to check that all the departments are
functioning in a proper manner. A specified target is set, which is to be achieved at the end of
each month. The process of continuous check of the performance parameter helps the

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organizations produce quality products (Lange et al. 2016). Cisco Company trains its employees
in such a way such that the productivity of the employees is increased and a large number of
products can be produced in an efficient and effective manner.
EA current architecture summary:
Strategic Planning and Initiatives:
The first process that is involved in the strategic planning process is the identification of
the new ideas. The analyzing of this new data also falls under the part of the strategic planning
process. The strategic planning system is used for the development of the various plans related to
the various transactions that are taking place. The process of strategic planning also involves the
prediction of the solutions to the problems arising in the organization. The strategic planning
process involves the solutions that are provided due to the changes coming in the organization.
The changes may involve the various risks that are being faced by the organization or if the
organization runs out of resources (Alwadain et al. 2016). The strategic planning process helps in
estimation of the cost that may be involved for the installation of the new facilities or due to the
implementation of the new technologies.
The Enterprise Architecture management is related to the strategic planning process. The
Enterprise Architecture procedure involves the adoption of the new ideas. In fact, that is the most
important aspect of the Enterprise Architecture system. The implementation of the Enterprise
Planning involves the strategic planning process by following the method of doing the right thing
in the right way. The Enterprise Architecture may also be able to play a role in the long-term
strategic planning process. This can be possible as by the enterprise architecture procedure the
storage of the past record can be stored in the EA (Simon et al. 2014). The record of the success

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obtained by the Cisco organization in the various projects is stored in EA. There are many
pattern related to the security, which are reusable and are held by the EA. The EA is used by the
organization by following the certain guidelines that are being provided. The guidelines are
provided in all the four sub architectures.
Business Services and Information:
The EA is responsible for providing the various business services to the number of
organization. The Enterprise Architecture is responsible for the providing the various business
services in the Cisco. Understanding the objective of the project that is in hand is most important
for the completion of the project in an efficient manner. This can be done by the Enterprise
Architecture procedure. Recognizing the profit from a particular project and knowing the process
of Enterprise Architecture procedure also provides the price at which the article should be sold in
order to gain a certain amount of profit. The flow of process for the completion of the project is
also provided by the Enterprise Architecture procedure (Alwadain et al. 2016). The other
business processes as to which technology is applied at which part of the project and the time
that has to be invested for each part of the project is presented by the Enterprise Architecture
procedure. While the development of a new product the recognition of the target market is an
important factor for the proper selling of the product. The Enterprise Architecture process also
presents this identification of the target market.
The Enterprise Architecture procedure can also be useful for the storage of the various
information. The various information may comprise the storage of the various important
passwords, which are repetitive in nature. There is also certain repetitive pattern involved in the
Cisco organization for the important files. These patterns can be accessed by the process of
Enterprise Architecture and does not need the remembering of all the different codes of the

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different files (Frampton et al. 2015). The other information that the system can store is the
information about the large number of employees and based on the information of the number of
working hours of these employees the salary can be calculated in an automatic way and in an
efficient way. Cisco has a large number of customers and transactions. Thus, the Enterprise
Architecture procedure is used in order to maintain the record of the transactions and the
customers’ details of Cisco.
Systems and Applications:
The Enterprise Architecture system extends its use in the systems of Cisco. The
Enterprise Architecture process can be used in order to maintain the systems of the organization.
The systems of Cisco are involved for holding many of the important information. These systems
need to be mentioned properly. Many important transactions take place in the systems of the
organization every minute. Thus, maintenance of the systems is of utmost importance for the
Cisco organization. By the help of the Enterprise Architecture procedure, any issues in any of the
system at any point of time are highlighted and the issue is resolved (Zarvić, Novica, and Roel
2014). The organization may also use the Enterprise Architecture process in order to set up all
the systems in a proper manner such that no intruder can get access to the confidential
information of the organization. The implementation of the Enterprise Architecture can help
maintain a proper record of the issues that had occurred in the systems. The systems can be
linked with each other and various files may be shared within the systems. As far as the
applications are concerned the various applications that are deployed in the systems has to be
checked for security in order to keep the systems free from threat. The Enterprise Architecture
presents the applications, which is to be used for the completion of a particular project (He, Wu,
and Li 2014). The Enterprise Architecture procedure is responsible for presenting the best

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possible way for the completion of a task. The way in which the task is to carry out is also
suggested by Enterprise Architecture procedure.
Technology Infrastructure:
The technology infrastructure involves the use of the various technologies in the parts of
the project in order to fulfill the requirement of the project. The use of the different technologies
in the project may involve the proper assigning of the technology to the proper part of the
project. For the purpose of the analyzing and the maintenance of huge amount of data the use of
big data technology can be used. For the purpose of the storage of the information or for the
hosting of a website cloud computing technology has to be used. The cloud computing
technology can also be used in the cyber security purpose (Whittle, Ralph and Conrad 2016).
Cisco uses the Enterprise Architecture methodology in order to find the technology, which is
applicable at a particular part of the project. Thus, the enterprise architecture comprises of a
number of technologies. The identification of which technology has to be applied at which the
help of the Enterprise Architecture process can do part of the project. The data management is
important part of the organizations. Many sensitive data are present in the organization. The
organization is responsible for the management of the huge number of data of the customers as
well as the employees of the organization. For this, the technology of big data can be used. The
Enterprise Architecture suggests the use of big data in this case (Vargas et al. 2016). In case the
same form of task has to be done for a number of times, then the use of automation process such
as artificial intelligence can be used as this will save the time and will increase productivity of
the employees and the organization. For the protection of the huge amount of data and the
sensitive information Enterprise Architecture technology suggests the use of cloud computing.
The implementation of the concepts such as that of images and snapshots, the data can be

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protected. The images and snapshot concept under the cloud computing technology creates the
copy of all the files and stored it in a secure location while the IAM role is responsible for
blocking of the access of any of the user into the private parts of Cisco interface.
IT security:
With the advancement in the technology, the processes of the various companies have
become easier. However, at the same time there are also threats that are present due to these
technologies. With the use of these technologies, there are also loopholes that are present in these
technologies, which allow the hacker to hack the server of the organization. The Cisco
organization uses various IT security processes in order to avoid the serve of the organization
from being hacked (Hinkelmann et al. 2016). The organization has various sensitive information,
which needs to be protected. The Enterprise Architecture process suggests the implementation
and the process in which the cyber security can be implemented. The Cisco provides high quality
security for the protection of the information, which is confidential to the organization. The use
of cloud services can be used for the protection of the data. The cyber security can be done by
the help of the concept of cloud computing. The use of the concept of image and the snapshot is
used as a cyber security. The use of concept of the IAM role is used in order to deny the access
to the outside users trying to access the confidential data of the organization. The concept of the
IAM role requires all the users to enter the security pin in order to access the data of the
company. Only those employees of the organization who handle the sensitive information that is
the employees who are at the managerial or at a higher level can do this. The implementation of
the private key concept can also be made in order to protect the data of the organization. The
installation of the private cloud in the organization is the first step that is involved in order to
implement the concept of private key (Holm et al. 2016). The private key concept means to share

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the private key with the employees. Only the employees will have the private keys so that no
outside person can log in to the server of the organization. The use of concept of images and
snapshot is helpful in copying of the data and the information of the important files. This helps in
keeping a copy of the important documents and helps in the protection of the information.
Enterprise Architecture Standards:
There are following goals of the organization. The organizational technology has to be
measured for the smooth running of the organization. There are certain motives for the
application of the Enterprise Architecture (Niemi, Eetu and Samuli 2017). There are certain
standards that have to be followed. Among the standards, the operation costs are involved. The
reduction of the operation costs comes under a module of the standards of Enterprise
Architecture. The Enterprise Architecture involves the maximizing of the services at a low price.
Thus, the Enterprise Architecture standards involve the increase of efficient working of the
employees. The standard mainly focuses on the increase of the productivity of the employee as
an individual and the organization as a whole. The implementation of the newer technologies is
necessary also to keep the organization updated. The newer technologies will help in designing
of the solutions to the possible risk that may occur can be done (Löhe, Jan and Christine 2017).
The integration of all these newer technologies will help the organization to produce the best
quality product. The best processes should be used in order to do the risk management of the
organization. Cisco has hired experienced professionals and look to protect the data by following
the latest technologies. Cisco has an advanced training module including all the important
aspects of cyber security and the newer technologies.

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Workforce Requirements:
The workforce requirements category suggests the requirement of the organization in the
coming 2-3 years. This workforce requirement depends on various factors. The workforce
requirements depend on the goals and the long-term vision of the organization. Based on these
goals and long-term vision of the company the workforce requirements are set. Cisco also sets
the various workforce requirements for the growth of the organization (Bakhtiyari et al. 2015).
The satisfaction of the workforce requirement depends on a certain number of parameters. The
various parameters may be the age of the employees who are currently working and the term of
the retirement of the employees. The other factors may be different workplace environment and
if the shortage of the skills takes place. The personal circumstance may also affect the
satisfaction of the workplace requirement. Cisco makes sure that it hires skilled people for the
job on each of the sectors so that the company can make profit.
EA Future Architecture Summary:
Future Operation Scenario:
There are ample scope of the improvement and the implementation of the newer
technologies to the Enterprise Architecture structure. Cisco has already an improved structure in
the implementation of the Enterprise Architecture in the various sectors of its function. There is
scope of much more improvement in the fields do not implement the Enterprise Architecture
concept (Sjöberg et al. 2017). With the advancement of the technology in the recent time, Cisco
should look forward to keep the systems updated. The Enterprise Architecture can be further
used to automate the process of the organization in a broader prospect. The implementation of
the automation technologies such as artificial intelligence and cyber security still leaves behind a
threat. The automation process leaves enough loopholes for the system to be hacked. The

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Enterprise Architecture process should look to improve the system of the automation such that
there are not enough space for the hackers to hack the systems. Cyber security is a major area
where there is a large deal of threat in the recent times. The future scope of the Enterprise
Architecture system can be implemented in the cyber security field, to block the access of the
unauthorized users (Fasanghari et al. 2015). The use of cloud computing technology for the
purpose of cyber security is not very secure as the private key which is been shared with the
employees may be shared with any of the outside people also. This will then allow the outside
user to access the system of the organization. Thus, the improvement in the field of cyber
security by the implementation of the Enterprise Architecture technology should be done.
Planning Assumption:
There are various assumptions that need to be made for the proper implementation of the
Enterprise Architecture. The Enterprise Architecture procedure satisfaction requires the proper
assumption of the various plans in the various sectors. There are various constraints that are
involved in the business (Azevedo et al. 2015). The future of the business is decided by
overcoming these constraints and the constraints can be overcome by the help of making some
important assumptions. The constraints may be involved in the various sectors such as design of
the business, implementation of the particular business and the deployment of the solution of the
business. Cisco has made certain assumptions that are checked if the assumptions have potential.
There are assumptions that need to be made by the organization for the fulfillment of the various
purpose and the constraints. For instance, an assumption can be made that the technology that is
currently in use in the organization will last during the launch of the future products. The other
assumption that can be made is during the cost assumption of any of the product. The assumption
is made on the basis that there would not be any further investments in a particular project.

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However, there are instances that due to the advancement in the technology, there may be
investments involved in the project due to the implementation of the newer technologies. This
will increase the cost that is involved in the project (Chorafas and Dimitris 2016). These
assumptions are helpful in overcoming certain constraints but in many case may cause the wrong
assumption. The wrong assumption may result in the negative side of the organization. Cisco
keeps the future prospect in mind while making these assumptions. However, the assumptions
that are made may go wrong and cannot be predicted from beforehand.
Updating current and Future Views:
Updating the system is a process that needs to be done in order to keep up with the
advancing technology. The updating of the system is a process that involve bettering the
previous mistakes that were present in the previous system. The update of the system is also
done to improve the security measures of the organization. As a particular software or system
gets old the hackers find measures to get into the system (Giachetti 2016) . The update involves a
new interface, which is different from the previous one thus denying the hacker the direct access
of the private system of the organization. The update also brings with it certain more advantages
such as that of the much more secure and protective anti- virus system. The future of the
Enterprise Architecture system would involve a much more advanced technology that will
provide the organization with competitive advantage (Rouhani et al. 2015). By the proper
implementation of the Enterprise Architecture management plan the organization can take the
maximum market share. Cisco is already the largest networking organization. In order to hold the
position of the organization that it is already holding, Cisco has to keep its server away from the
hackers. There are many organization that are forced to close down because of the data
corruption taking place in the organization. The hackers hack the data and other confidential

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information of the organization and may leak it to other organization. This may lead to the
closing down of the organization (Toppenberg et al. 2015). Cisco already had a strong interface
and the security is strong enough. The use of the Enterprise Architecture concept has provided
the organization with the competitive advantage. The future of the organization depends on how
much the organization can cope up with the advancing technologies.
Sequencing Plan:
A particular sequence needs to be planned before the execution of the Enterprise
Architecture plan. If the process does not take place in a proper manner then the result may come
out to be negative. The first step for the planning of the implementation of the Enterprise
Architecture is realizing the outcome of the project. After realizing the outcome of the project a
rough sketch of the steps of the project that need to be done is carried out. The third step would
be to divide the project into different parts, which would help in assigning each part of the
project to a capable employee (Kotusev et al. 2015). Cisco maintains these procedures in order to
create a stable form of workflow. Cisco then identifies how the Enterprise Architecture can be
used to ease the flow of work and what concept of Enterprise Architecture can be used in each
section of the project.
Configuration Management:
Even though the concept of Configuration Management is applied to the field of software
development, it is equally effective in managing the enterprise network architecture. Sometimes
it is very much important to review a complex set of architecture in terms of simpler concept as it
helps to get a clear and intuitive idea about the nature and structure of the architecture. To
implement the architecture and get a clear implementation strategy it is very much effective to
understand the architecture process in detailed manner and it in turn helps to effectively manage

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the implementation process. Without proper control over the architecture, the system cannot be
effectively managed. The Configuration Management technique is widely applied in
organizations to manage the enterprise network architecture, as it is simple, effective and easy to
implement (Phelan et al. 2015). Conceptual frameworks help to create a generic workplace in the
organizations to make a structural environment that helps to test the initial prototype of any
determined architectural plan. The process is highly effective to understand if the plan has any
flaws and helps to identify the areas where it needs improvement. Configuration Management
helps to design this kind of framework to test the initial framework of the architectural design
aspect. Even with the advantages, there is some areas where the concept needs major
improvements. Although in general aspect, the concept seems to be quite useful as it has the
potential to address the architectural principles with satisfaction, still the success certainly
depends on the way that organizations and its associated people get used to it and how they
effectively relates with the process (Simon et al. 2014). In order to make the process effective for
organizations across various domains, it is very much necessary to move the process out of the
software development domain and make it available at the Enterprise level for general use for
various organizations.
Conclusion:
From this report, it can be concluded that the Cisco Company, which is the largest
network provider company has made the use of Enterprise Architecture in order to obtain a
competitive advantage over the other organization. The use of the Enterprise Architecture
concept can be made in the various fields in order to carry out the various tasks in an easy
manner. The various task involve the handling and organizing large volume of data in an
effective and efficient manner. The use of Enterprise Architecture can also be made in the field

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of cyber security in order to protect the organization server. The few disadvantages may involve
the high cost required for the implementation of the various technologies in the Enterprise
Architecture. The other disadvantage may be that the future prospects that are predicted by the
Enterprise Architecture model may go wrong due to the fast changing technologies and market
position.

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