Enterprise Architecture Portfolio 1.1-1.5: Analysis and Review

This assignment delves into the realm of Enterprise Architecture (EA) through a multifaceted portfolio. It begins with a case study of Johnson & Johnson, analyzing their current challenges in developing EA to meet customer and business needs, especially concerning data security. The assignment then explores the Zachman Framework and TOGAF, emphasizing their roles in structuring and defining EA. It incorporates ERD diagrams for Milk Dairy and Quikfix Electronics, providing a visual representation of data relationships. Additionally, the portfolio addresses tutorial questions spanning multiple weeks, covering topics such as the value of EA programs, governance issues, the impact of cloud computing and big data, and the importance of EA in e-government services and connected enterprises. The assignment concludes with a review of journal articles that explore the intersection of EA with big data and cloud computing, highlighting the significance of IT governance and data security in these evolving technological landscapes. Overall, this assignment provides a comprehensive overview of EA principles, frameworks, and practical applications.

Enterprise Architecture

Portfolio 1.1 (Case Study)
a) According to the case study of JOHNSON & JOHNSON, the current main problems of the
organization is to develop its enterprise architecture according to the need of the company as well as
the requirements of its customers. Various type of security threats related to customer and company
data as well as information arises due to the expansion of company business online or offline. Theft
of company data and information, as well as security of customers data, are the major concerns of
J&J in recent times.
b) As time passes J&J continues to evolve their enterprise architecture according to the need of the
customers and organization staff. They should create communities to monitor and establish the
required technical aspects of the system. Information system of the company should be developed
in such a way that the exchange of data and information should take place between customers and
the company in a more secure way. For this J&J has to be aligned with current business strategy, IT
infrastructure and other different technology management services.
c) The Zachman Framework is basically the fundamental structure of enterprise architecture which
gives structure and formal way of defining and viewing enterprise architecture. Instead of
methodology, it is ontology for enterprise architecture which mainly used to solve the problem of
enterprise owner, their data and but also customers data and information security. This framework
helps in creating best enterprise architecture according to the need of J&J and their customers where
they can easily analyze and organize the information and data according to the company
requirements. A proper information system architecture of J&J is not possible without the use of the
Zachman framework.
Portfolio 1.2 (Frameworks for Enterprise Architecture)
a) Enterprise architecture mainly processes to link with other IT management processes like
strategic planning process , program and project management process. The services of business play
a bigger role in service based information system because they fill the gap between service oriented
architecture and processes of enterprise architecture.
b)The zachman framework for enterprise architecture is a self explained framework which is more
like taxonomy. The open group architectural framework(TOGAF) is much more than processes. The
federal enterprise architecture can be basically seen as implemented enterprise architecture whereas
gartner methodology can be explained as enterprise architectural practice.
c) Service oriented architecture supports EA in so many ways. Enterprise architecture mainly deals
with complete scope and umbrella of threats whereas SOA mainly concerned with IT and
technological aspects of business.

Portfolio 1.3 (ERD diagram)
i) Milk dairy

ii) Quikfix Electronics

Portfolio 1.4 (Tutorial Questions)
Week-3:
(1) The value which is generated due to the EA program actually about products which enterprise
architecture wanted to sell. EA program helps in identifying priorities of business and root level
competition of the business.
(2) It controls modification, services, and updated solution. It can cover the complete area and
decrease the number of security threats.
(3) During the implementation of an EA program, there is always a lack of common understanding
among stakeholders. Due to which there is a lack of effective governance.
(4) It also increases the solution cost s which reduce the number of user acceptance. There are
always vulnerabilities present in the security of enterprise architecture.
(5) EA enhance the strategic direction/goals of the business by bringing together a different view of
business and technology. Citizen Centricity, common Infrastructure and Interoperability,
Collaborative Services and Business Operations as well as social inclusion refers the capability of
governments to transfer beyond the horizontal and vertical integration of the government service
delivery as well as helps in engaging the citizens and various business operation at specific points
in the decision and policy-making process of the connected governments.
(6) It connects a member of the public, government, private sector, and specific government
organizations. Basically, the activities involve between them are the exchange of electronic data and
information to acquire or provide services & products.
(7) It can be also used to receive or place orders, and various types of financial transactions.
EA services help in reducing operating costs and give direct communication medium with the
citizens, government bodies and different types of companies.
(8) (a) They are also responsible for secure communications between the government bodies,
citizens and various business organizations.
(b) To provide complete data and information to the ministers as well as politicians who are mainly
responsible for the e-government services, enterprise information architecture is a very important
and useful tool.
(c) Basically, the main benefits of EA are present in its planned complete approach of all aspects of
the enterprise.
Week-4:
(1) Enterprise architecture mainly processes to link with other IT management processes like
strategic planning process, program and project management process.
(2)The services of business play a bigger role in service based information system because they fill
the gap between service-oriented architecture and processes of enterprise architecture.
(3)Information system of the company should be developed in such a way that the exchange of data
and information should take place between customers and the company in a more secure way.
(4)It mainly consists of procedures, ICT infrastructure, problems related to business like the process
of business or excellence, transfer of internal and external information.
(5)EA works with communication, documentation, decision making and legal aspects of the whole
information of the infrastructure of an enterprise. It will explain about intelligent enterprise design

and enterprise information architecture reference architecture for the business processes of a
different enterprise.
(6) In the current scenario, cloud computing is the very best option for the design and
implementation of different innovative government services for their citizens and business
enterprise.
(7) EA is one of the latest domains in the market and now this becomes a must-have in the highly
competitive technology driven in the open market.
(8) EA always ensures that business assets should be regularly valued in good faith according to
market condition and provide good industry standards for each activity and exchanges or
transactions operated in related to EA.
(9) Intelligent enterprise design provides a framework which will provide :
a) A common language for the operations of all business bodies.
b) Helps in the identification of reusable, shareable and duplicate services of business bodies.
c) Makes business services more cost-effective and timely as well as increase business
opportunities.
Week-7:
(1) According to a recent analysis of data and information implementation of EA leads to a diverse
portfolio in a very positive way. It also states that frontier lower end has greater benefits due to big
returns at the same time frontier higher end always comes with risk mitigation.
(2) Enterprise Architecture is completely based upon getting more output in less input like the
importance of the final result, cost efficiency, providing secure information and technology,
maintaining quality and security of information as well as providing services to the enterprise and
public.
(3) Enterprise architecture includes only those services which are in the boundaries of government
bodies. Government bodies should adopt different principles to meet their business requirements by
using EA development and design of the new intelligent enterprise.
(4) Enterprise architecture main aim to provide consistent and secure services to citizens and
support them in a more cost-effective manner by using various ICT services of enterprise bodies.
(5) The Internet is providing a platform for businesses across the world which can reach out to
larger citizens and marketing their requirements or products in a more effective and efficient way.
(6) EA Strategy can be summarized through calculated information dissemination, which uses
information technology in the most efficient way. The main aim behind EA is to perceived business
dissatisfaction.
(7) The process of technology may be the same but their norms and political bodies are totally
different from each other. In this business requirements and expectations are the main things for
every EA services, programs, and policies. Here EA is one enterprise and work according to the
needs and requirements of the citizens.
For seamless information sharing between enterprise and users, the connected business uses best
and standard practices. EA enhance capabilities of any enterprise to share or exchange information
or data within and across enterprise areas. Standard similar infrastructure is responsible for effective
interoperability.
(8) EA helps the business to integrate with user and system for the delivery of good services and
policies. Connected enterprise and social involvement show that providing business services is not a
one-way exchange. More new ways of using technology in a planned manner responsible for the
success of the connected enterprise.
(9)(a) In the current scenario, many countries have experimented with connected EA which goes
very far from simple digitalization. Connected EA is responsible for business transparency. It is
important because it permits a citizen to know on what basis business is working and what policies
they are going to implement.

(b) Due to its easy accessibility, the most updated information easily reaches to public bodies and
citizens. There are many benefits of enterprise information architecture like better services, More
efficiency, transparency, sustainable development, and public bodies accountability. Transparency
leads to a higher level of trust between an enterprise and its users.
(c) At each step of digital progress, EA has to win over a different type of obstacles. Both cultural
and technical change happens due to collaborations of enterprise at local and national levels.
(d) The increasing growth of cybersecurity threats and attacks nowadays demands a new critical
infrastructure which has control and command system. In today’s internet age e-marketing gives
business with the mass market at a nominal price and gives a personalized marketing approach.
(e) The cost-effectiveness and flexible in nature gives e-marketing suitable for all type of business.
By this, the way user distributes, access, produce, and knowledge, re-use information gives a
structural impact or effect social, political and cultural sphere.
Portfolio 1.5 (Journal articles review)
EA and Big data:
The main fundamental feature of the internet is it is decentralized and open for every individual. It
is decentralized at the level of resource management but closes in making coordination between
different actors so that the system continues the work every time and everywhere. Due to the rise in
complexity of EA system security the role of IT governance play a major role in the mechanism of
IT governance. There are so many different EA frameworks nowadays mainly used to provide a
better and secure information system to the organizations. As we know that any framework of IT
control framework is explained as “ A known system of control management which covers complete
internal control of any organization”.
In recent years Big Data projects become very famous due to which the privacy of the user is at
greater risk. The provider of big data uses the user data for their own personal benefits and user
cannot monitor their data usage. when the user data have been sent to the cloud computing
application, then it becomes very hard to monitor the usage of the data by the application provider.
it is very hard for an application provider to make user data security when their data are easily
replicated and spread all over the cloud computing infrastructure. The Internet is a parallel online
world where all the resources are not fully exploited and where consumers may gain advantages.
EA works with communication, documentation, decision making and legal aspects of the whole
information infrastructure of an enterprise.
EA and Cloud computing:
As we see that nowadays computing is a leading edge technology which increases the area of cloud
computing to the edge of the networks. So many IoT devices are still not safe for cloud computing
service because of inappropriate mobility support, and due to lack of awareness about these things.
Modern technology like cloud computing can be a useful tool for increasing accessibility,
transparency, sharing of information, and decreasing the price of ownership. There is also a very
urgent requirement to give training and education so that every user have developed the capability
to make use of EA services. EA is going to win in the long term when they fix transparent policies,
make a large investment in ICT infrastructure, adopt different open platforms, and secure
involvement from both the public and private bodies with users. Those who go for the road have to
go from many obstacles like the attitude of bureaucracy and legacy of history, inertial institutions
and delay regulations, time and money problems. Yet those go for the roads will be awarded when
they remove obstacles in the transformation of society. For them, the travel might become a dream
come true experience.

REFERENCES
T. Obitz and M. K. Babu. (2009). Enterprise architecture expands its role in strategic business
transformation: Infosys enterprise architecture survey 2008/2009.
Lapalme, J., Three Schools of Thought on Enterprise Architecture, IT Professional, vol. 14, no. 6,
pp. 37–43, Nov.–Dec. 2012
J. Schekkerman, "What you all need to know about Services Orientation!!," Institute for Enterprise
Architecture Developments 2006.
Bert Arnold,Martin Op 't Land and Jan Dietz. "Effects of an architectural approach to the
implementation of shared service centers," in Second International Workshop on Enterprise,
Applications and Services in the Finance Industry (FinanceCom05), Regensburg, Germany, 2005.
EADirections, "EA Frameworks: Pros and Cons - Inventory and Insights," EADirections 2007.
NSW Government, An introduction to enterprise architecture for records managers, 2010.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Guidelines on Secu-rity and Privacy in Public
Cloud Computing, 2011.
Linthicum D., Relevance of Enterprise Architecture to Cloud Computing, 2010.
Giachetti, R.E., Design of Enterprise Systems, Theory, Architecture, and Methods, CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL, 2010.
T. Bucher, R. Fischer, S. Kurpjuweit and R. Winter, "Enterprise architecture analysis and
application: An exploratory study," in EDOC Workshop TEAR, Hong Kong, 2006.
W. Engelsman, M. E. Iacob and H. M. Franken, "Architecture-driven requirements engineering," in
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing(SAC '09), Honolulu, Hawaii,
2009, pp. 285-286.