Analysis: Entrepreneurial Skills Impact on Employee Motivation, M&S

This report presents an investigation into the impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation, focusing on Marks and Spencer (M&S) as a case study. The study begins with an introduction outlining the theoretical background and research focus, defining entrepreneurial skills and their importance in the workplace. The research aims to analyze the impact of these skills on employee motivation, identify the benefits of developing such skills, and determine the challenges faced by employees lacking them. The literature review explores the impact of entrepreneurial skills on motivation, the benefits of skill development, and the challenges faced by employees without these skills. The methodology, data analysis, and findings are then presented, followed by a discussion of the results. The report concludes with recommendations for M&S, emphasizing the importance of fostering entrepreneurial skills to enhance employee motivation and overall organizational performance. Key themes include innovation, risk-taking, creativity, and the development of skills like time management and communication.

AN INVESTIGATION TO ANALYZE THE
IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION. A STUDY ON
MARKS AND SPENCER.”

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................3
Theoretical Background and Research Focus....................................................................................................................................3
Research Aim.....................................................................................................................................................................................3
Research Objectives...........................................................................................................................................................................3
Research Questions............................................................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................................................................4
Theoretical Background.....................................................................................................................................................................4
Justification and Contextualization....................................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 6- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................22
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................................................22
Recommendation..............................................................................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurial skills can be defined as the ability of an entrepreneur to convert innovative ideas into action. Different
entrepreneurial skills can include innovation, risk taking, creativity, managing skills etc. These skills are considered to be important
and can significantly affect the overall motivation level of the employees within the workplace. Entrepreneurial skills can be applied
to different job roles and industries (Afolabi and et. al., 2017). These skills allow the right candidates to apply for a particular vacant
job at an organization. The various entrepreneurial skills also allow the employees to stay focused to their work and be productive.
When an employee has effective entrepreneurial skills, they are likely to come up with various innovative and new ideas about how a
problem should be approached.
This will lead the company to perform at a greater level and help the company in achieving its goals and objectives.
Organization chosen for this report is Marks and Spencer, a leading British retailer which was founded by Michael Marks and Thomas
Spencer in the year 1884. The company is headquartered in London, United Kingdom and operates in different geographical locations
across the world (Afsar and et. al., 2017). The company operates in different geographic locations across the world. This research is
based on how entrepreneurial skills can affect or motivate the employees. It explains the importance of different entrepreneurial skills
and their impact on employees.
Theoretical Background and Research Focus
Research Aim
“An investigation to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation. A study on Marks and Spencer.”
Research Objectives
 To analyze the impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation.
 To identify benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees at the workplace.
 To determine the challenges faced by employees due to lack of entrepreneurial skills.
Research Questions
 What is the impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation?
 What are the benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees at the workplace?
 What are the challenges faced by employees due to lack of entrepreneurial skills?

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
Theoretical Background
Theme 1- Impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation
As per the views of Elia and Margherita (2018) Employee motivation is important at a workplace as it allows an organization
to achieve its goals and objectives. If the workforce will not be motivated, the overall performance of the company will be affected.
Therefore, it can be said that it is very crucial for the management of an organization to implement measures and provide various
opportunities to the employees in order to maintain their level of motivation. A company can conduct training and development
sessions for the employees. This can help them in acquiring new entrepreneurial skills and performing effectively.
On the other side Hahn and et. al., (2020) argues that employees get an opportunity to manage their time and develop skills
like critical thinking, creativity and innovation. The performance of employees and motivation are inter related to each other. If the
employees are motivated, they will be committed to their respective jobs and put in efforts to complete the tasks assigned to them
within the given time frame. On the other side if the motivation level of the employees will not be good then this will create a negative
impact over the working and the efficiency of the employees.
For instance, Marks and Spencer offers various opportunities to its employees so that they can enhance their skills. This helps
them in increasing their levels of confidence and deliver results that are expected from them. Motivation serves to be one of the key
driving factors for employee performance at a workplace and can help in increasing the overall performance as well as the
productivity of the company on the whole.
In against to this Herdjiono and et. al., (2017) articulates that different entrepreneurial skills like time management skills,
strategic thinking, effective communication networking etc. lead to a greater satisfaction among employees. When employees are
motivated towards their work, they will be committed to completing the work that has been assigned to them. Not only this, their
positive motivation will lead the company to growth which is beneficial for the company.
In addition to this Ma, Gu and Liu (2017) stated that the various entrepreneurial skills can allow an employee to achieve their
personal goals and also facilitates their overall development. Once they reach their individual goals, they understand the relation
between putting efforts and obtaining desired results. This further motivates them to continue putting in efforts. Apart from this,
entrepreneurial skills also contribute to an improved overall efficiency of the employees. This is because their overall efficiency does
not solely depend on their qualifications. In order to obtain the desired results from the employees, Marks and Spencer ensures that its
employees are able to maintain a balance between the tasks assigned to them as well as their willingness to do the same. This has led
to an increase in the overall performance of the employees as well as an improvement in their overall efficiencies.
Theme 2- Benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees at the workplace.
By referring to the work of Mamabolo, Kerrin and Kele (2017) there are many benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for
employees within a workplace. They not only get a chance to interact with new people and build a network, but also develop creative
ideas. Developing entrepreneurial skills can teach employees how to work as part of teams and enhance their relationships with others.
Networking is considered to be one of the most important entrepreneurial skills that employees within a workplace are expected to
possess. An employee can register for different entrepreneurship programs that are conducted online.
In contrast to this Barba-Sánchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2017) employees have a responsibility of coming up with solutions
to different problems that can come up during their jobs. So, problem solving skills can be beneficial for them at this time and help

them in resolving any issues or concerns that are raised by the customers. Apart from this, entrepreneurial skills also benefit the
employees in terms of enhancing their overall efficiency as well as individual productivity levels. As an employee, it is important to
have excellent analytical skills as well as the business. Employees at Marks and Spencer are confident and comfortable in working
with each other.
On the other side Malik, Awan and Nisar (2020) criticized that the company has a workforce that is not only efficient, but also
committed towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. The employees are always prepared for any kind of uncertainties
and are also creative at the same time. The managers are experienced and able to identify any problems or risks that might be
associated with a particular project. This means that the employees possess good entrepreneurial skills and are also, engaged in their
respective jobs. Therefore, it can be said that there are numerous benefits of entrepreneurial skills for the employees as they not only
contribute to their professional careers, but also for personal growth.
By referring to the work of Sousa (2018) it is stated that respective company ensures that various opportunities are provided to
the employees so that they develop new skills and enhance their overall knowledge. Lastly, entrepreneurial skills also facilitate the
development of the organization on the whole. As a result, there is an increase in the overall profitability as well as productivity of the
company. Having a skilled staff can lead the company to gain a competitive advantage against competitors within the industry.
In addition to this Barba-Sánchez and Atienza-Sahuquillo (2018) argues that when the employees of the company will be
having proper and effective entrepreneurial skills at the work then this will keep the employees more motivated. The major reason for
this is that when the employees will not be working in proper and effective manner then this will create issues in the motivation and
interest of the employees within the company. thus, for this the most important thing for the employees is to have proper
entrepreneurial motivation. This will keep the employees motivated with the company and as a result of this the working and the
efficiency of the employees will increase. Also when the employees will be having proper working efficiency and the entrepreneurial
skills then this will increase the interest of the employees in the working of the company.
On the other side in against of this Agarwal, Gambardella and Olson (2016) argues that the major benefit of using and having
the entrepreneurial skill among the employees is that this will increase the efficiency of employees. The major reason for this is that
when the employees will be having proper knowledge and required skills then this will increase the overall working of the company.
thus, this will increase the interest of the employees within the company. also, another major benefit of the employees having proper
and effective entrepreneurial skill is that they can also assist in proper decision making by the top management. The major reason for
this is that when the employees will be having the proper and required level of skill then this will motivate the employees to provide
their best services for the company.
Theme 3- Various challenges which the employees face because of lack of entrepreneurial skills.
As per the views of this Chan and et.al., (2017) argued that the employees can also face a lot of challenges due to lack of
entrepreneurial skills, in terms of productivity and overall performance. For example, a lack of time management can cause too many
tasks on the schedule of the employee. This will lead to a lack of priority as well as procrastination. As a result, the employees will not
be able to complete the assigned tasks and submit them on time. Apart from this, there will also be a lack of time due to which
important projects will have to suffer. Also, if the employees are not comfortable in working with each other, they will not be able to
perform in the expected way. Also, there will be no sense of team performance among the employees within the workplace.
But in contrast to this Keerativutisest and Hanson (2017) stated that creativity is an important component within an
organization because it contributes to its overall growth. Also, employers today, look for employees who are creative, willing to share

new and innovative ideas. If an employee lacks creativity, they are likely to feel left out from the rest of the company. They will be
afraid of failing and not think proactively. Hence, if the employees will not be much creative then they will find it challenging to gain
entrepreneurial skills and this will demotivate the employees to work in proper and creative and innovative manner.
In addition to this 18 Challenges that Internal Communication Professionals Are Facing Today (2020) argues that the major
challenge which the employees faces due to lack of entrepreneurial skill is that if the employees will not be motivated then this will
distract the employees to work in poor condition. The major reason for this is that when the employees will not be having proper
entrepreneurial working then they will not be motivated to work in proper and effective manner. This will result in decrease in the
working efficiency of the employees. The major reason for this is that when the employees will not be working in proper and effective
manner then this will create a negative impact over the working of the company.
On the flip side Moses and et.al., (2016) articulates that the effective communication within the workplace is a must and lack
of the same can lead to various challenges. There are some employees at Marks and Spencer who lack the skill of effective
communication and because of this their level of engagement in their work is low. There are chances of miscommunication and
misunderstanding among the team members. Therefore, these are some challenges that can be faced by employees due to lack of
entrepreneurial skills.
In the contradictory note, Cai and et.al., (2019) argues that the major challenge which the employees face due to leack of the
entrepreneurial skill is that there might be lack of the collaboration or the team work. This is also a problem or the challenge which the
employees can face in managing the business in proper and effective manner. This is particularly because of the reason that when the
employees will be having lack of entrepreneurial skill then this will affect the working of the company to a great extent. In addition to
this, when the team working skill will not be good within the employees then this will create conflict among the employees. As a
result of this it might be possible that the employees do not feel motivated and will not be working in proper and effective manner.
Justification and Contextualization
A research can help the researcher in finding appropriate answers to a particular research problem. The answers help in filling
the gaps that would have been been there before the study. The primary purpose of a research is to provide informed actions and it is
important to always produce results that are not only knowledgeable, but also applicable practically. This particular research is
important as it helps in understanding the overall impact of entrepreneurial skills on employee motivation. Not only this, it also
identifies the various benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees within the workplace. This will help in enhancing the
overall knowledge about the topic as well as encourage the readers to develop entrepreneurial skills. The research is also important
because it provides a list of challenges that employees at a workplace can face due to lack of entrepreneurial skills.
Entrepreneurial skills act as an important career development tool for employees within an organization. And this is one of the
reasons why it is important to analyze the impact entrepreneurial skills can have on the overall motivation of employees of the
employees. Another reason to find this is to allow the readers to understand that why employees should focus on developing various
entrepreneurial skills like effective communication, time management, creativity etc. Employee motivation is considered to be one of
the major contributors to the overall success of the company (O’Shea, Buckley and Halbesleben, 2017). And since, many employees
today, are not motivated towards their work, it is important to inform them that they should develop various entrepreneurial skills that
will not only be helpful for them at the workplace, but also act as a major contributor to their future career development. Apart from
this, they will also get a chance to identify various challenges that they might face due to lack of these skills.

In order to build the research based on the existing evidence, the information was initially gathered from various sources. After
this, it was analyzed in order to ensure that the most relevant information related to the topic was selected. This is an important step
because it allows the researcher to identify any sort of information that is irrelevant and does not address the research problem
effectively. Secondary methods like online journals, websites etc. were used to gather the information. Analysis of the same was done
in a proper manner so as to make sure that desired results were obtained.
The research is timely in nature and helps in responding to the existing need of analyzing the impact of entrepreneurial skills
on the motivation level of employees (Santos, Marques and Ferreira, 2018). This is because it has become necessary for the employees
of a company to develop skills that can help them in not only performing better, but also in achieving organizational goals and
objectives. The research provides an understanding of the various benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills like communication
skills, time management skills, creativity etc. Employers today, look out for employees who possess various skills and are able to
work in a highly competitive and dynamic environment.
The respective research respond to the existing need for the employees to develop entrepreneurial skills in order to stay
motivated and perform in the way employers expect them to. Not only this, it will also allow the employees to understand hat if they
want to remain productive as well as competitive at the workplace, they should develop these skills so that the desired results are
achieved (Shafique and Kalyar, 2018). Therefore, it is important for an organization to provide various opportunities to the employees
so that they develop these skills. This is because motivated employees can allo0w the company to attain its goals and objectives as
well as gain a competitive advantage against competitors.

CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY
The research methods are the different methods which are being used by the researcher in order to complete the research in
successful manner. These research methods guide the researcher in creating a good and effective research and reaching the aim and
objective of the study to a great extent. Hence, because of this reason it is very important for the company to decide for all the
methods of the research in advance as this will provide proper guidance to the researcher that how the whole research will be
conducted. The aims of the respective research will be obtained by opting for various methods of data collection. These methods will
allow the researcher to collect the relevant information and obtain the desired results. The various research methods are described
below.
Primary Methods - Primary Research is defined as a method used by researchers to collect the data directly from the
respondent. In other words, this is a method through which first hand data is collected that is the data which is used for the first time in
any research. This research technique is carried out to address a certain problem, which requires in depth study. Organizations can
conduct primary research on their own or can employ a third party to conduct research on their behalf (Sousa, 2018). One major
advantage of doing primary research is to give attention to specific issue or problem and all the focus is directed to obtain related
solutions. Some primary research methods which a company or organization can use to collect data include Face to face or Telephonic
Interviews, Online Surveys, Observations, Focus Groups etc. For the current study the researcher has undertaken the use of
questionnaire as the tool for collecting the primary data. The primary research is being chosen as this will assist the researcher in
creating collecting data directly from the source and this has not been used before in any of the research.
Secondary Methods - Secondary research is commonly known as desk research is a method used to collect already existing
data or information. In comparison to primary research, secondary research is much more cost effective as it makes use of already
existing data. Some secondary research methods which company or organization can use to collect data include Information or data

available on internet, Data from government and non- government agencies, Public libraries, Educational Institutions etc. In order to
complete the current study, the researcher has made use of the different types of articles, journals and books and other kind of
published data relating to entrepreneurial skill and how this impact the motivation level of the employees within the company. along
with the primary data it is of utmost importance to make the use of the secondary source as well. The major reason for this is that
when the answers of the primary respondent will be authenticated with the secondary source as well then this will make the primary
data more valid and reliable. Hence, because of this reason the use of secondary source of data is also undertaken.
Type of research – there are basically two types of research that is qualitative and quantitative research for completing the
research study. Qualitative research is defined as a method use in market research that focuses on obtaining information from open-
ended and conversational communications (Stephan, 2018). This method of research basically focuses on two aspects that is what
people think and why they think so. This type of research is used in identifying, collecting and analyzing non-numerical data and also
works towards solving complex problems. The sources used in this research for gathering multiple forms of information are through
interviews, observations and documents, rather than relying on a single information source. Since, this method of collecting data is
more of communicative nature, so people can build trust on the researchers and the data thus obtained is raw.
Quantitative research is defined as a method of doing systematic investigation by gathering required data and performing statistical,
mathematical, or computational techniques. Basically it is a process of identifying, collecting and analyzing numerical data which can
be used to test relationships, make predictions and to find patterns and averages. The result collected from this research study are
logical, statistical, and unbiased. This research method is mostly used in the natural and social science that is in biology, economics,
chemistry, physics, etc. The strengths of this research approach includes direct comparison of results, hypothesis testing and
processing large samples. For the purpose of completing the research with help of quantitative analysis the use of SPSS is being used
and under this the descriptive statistics and regression was found in order to complete and fulfil the aim and objective of the study.
The descriptive statistics will include the mean, mode and median for the data relating to the research.
Questionnaire - A questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a set of questions that are responsible for collecting
information or data from respondents. A questionnaire research is basically a mix of close-ended and open-ended questions and data
collected from this technique can be both qualitative or quantitative in nature. The advantage of using this method are that the
researcher can collect a lot of information or data in less time with help of survey questionnaire and on other hand respondents can
answer the questions without revealing their identities (Sugandini and et. al., 2018). This method is quick to perform and at the same
time it is cost-effective and is used to reinforce the brand image. A questionnaire has been used in order to complete this research. The
questionnaire included the different types of the questions relating to the research topic and this included different options as well
from which only the respondent need to answer. Further the tool of SPSS was implemented on the data collected through
questionnaire and then it was evaluated.
Sampling – It can be defined as the process that is used in a research and involves selecting a predetermined number of
observations from a large population. There are two types of sampling methods, probabilistic and non-probabilistic. The process of
sampling allows the researcher to save time and obtain results for a large population based on analyzing the data that is collect ed from
a small sample. The size of the sample through which information is collected is 30 respondents. The target population includes
employees who are currently working for an organization and are not aware of the impact of various entrepreneurial skills on their
overall level of motivation. The sample is selected on the basis of the random sampling method as under this method there is equal
chance of getting selected.

This is the most appropriate way of effectively answering the research question because it will allow the researcher to collect
relevant information, analyze it and obtain desired results. Secondary research methods have been considered as an alternative for
collecting information in order to complete the research.
Access and Ethics
Ethics in a research provide the researcher with guidelines so that it is completed in an effective way. There are various ethics
that the researcher should consider before and while undertaking the research. All of the data which is collected should not be copied
from anywhere or misinterpreted (Yun and et. al., 2019). Any kind of careless mistakes or errors should be avoided at all times. This
will allow the research to produce more appropriate results. Apart from this, information relating to the research as well as the
respondents will be kept confidential. These are some of the ethical considerations for this research. In order to gain access for the
field, initially a target audience will be identified, after which a sample of 30 respondents will be developed. The respondents will be
chosen randomly and in no particular order. This will help in finding the information that is needed to obtain desired results of the
research.
Limitations
There are some limitations of the research strategy that has been chosen, like the information that is collected through the
questionnaire can include information that is not appropriate or clear. This is because there are chances that the respondents chose not
to answer the questions or failed to understand a particular question (Newman and et. al., 2018). These limitations can negatively
impact the overall results produced by the research. There are various advantages of using a questionnaire in order to collect
information for a research like they are not expensive, comparable and allow the researcher to analyze the information easily. So, it
can be said that the limitations counterweight the advantages. This is because they allow the research to be completed effectively and
appropriately. Thus, these are some limitations of the selected research strategy.

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
The present chapter will help to interpret the results of entire findings in better manner such that it will help to examine the overall
results in favor of research questions. For the same, graphs and tables are used that assist to present the findings in better manner so
that reader will easily understand the views of selected participants.
Thematic Analysis
In this section, scholar will interpret the responses provided by the selected participants and for that different themes are
designed by referring the questionnaire. Moreover, graphs and tables will also have presented which in turn helps to present the entire
findings in better manner. Overall, it assists to identify whether the research aim is attained or not
Theme 1: Employees are satisfied with Motivation factors used by company
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Yes 23 76.7
No 7 23.3
Total 30 100
.
Interpretation: Through the above table and graph it is interpreted that majority of the respondents are agree that Marks and
Spencer uses range of motivation factor in order to improve the performance of employees. Such that out of 30, 23 of them are state
yes and only 7 says no. Therefore, it is reflected that company took initiative in order to improve the overall brand image. As by using
motivation strategies, company is able to improve the productivity of a company and this in turn creates positive impact upon the
company' brand image.
Theme 2: Entrepreneurial skills are necessary to motivate employees
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents

Yes 21 70
No 9 30
Total 30 100
Interpretation: In accordance with the above table, it is depicted that to motivate employees, there is a need to have effective
entrepreneurial skills such that it will assist to generate better relationship between them. Such that out 100%, 70% employees are
stated yes and only 30% of them are stated no. Therefore, it is clearly reflected that with the help of effective entrepreneurial skill such
that time management skills will assist to promote the employees towards positive manner. Hence, it is analyzed that there is a
positive impact of developing range of entrepreneurial skills upon performance of employees. In addition to this, it is also analyzed
that with the help of such skills new business creates more jobs and helps to introduce new ideas which in turn improve the overall
performance of a company.
Theme 3: Benefit of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Yes 23 76.7
No 7 23.3
Total 30 100

Interpretation: If entrepreneur of Marks and Spencer has effective entrepreneurial skills, then it will creates positive impact
upon employees performance and company. Such that out of 30, 23 of them are stated yes and only 7 of them stated no. Therefore, it
is clearly reflected that majority of the employees are agree that there are many benefits of developing entrepreneurial skills for
employees such that they feel motivated and ready top offer new innovative products to their customers. Also, it is analyzed that
company is able to take risk in which they are able to sustain the brand image of the firm at further level.
Theme 4: Company offer both monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Yes 22 73.3
No 8 26.7
Total 30 100
Interpretation: As employees of Marks and Spencer are highly motivated which is clearly reflected that company offer range
of benefits which assist them to improve the performance. Such that out of 100% majority of them are stated yes that company offer
both monetary and non- monetary benefit to their employees, while only 26.7% of them stated no. Hence, it is analyzed that with the

help of effective strategies, most of the employees are feel motivated and this in turn creates direct impact upon the performance of
employees that assist to lead a business towards positive direction.
Theme 5: Different growth factor that improve the employee performance.
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Creativity 4 13.3
Effective
communication 4 13.3
Involve in
decision
making
process
4 13.3
All of these 18 60
Total 30 100
Interpretation: Through the primary research, it is identified that majority of the respondents are stated that there are many
growth factor that helps the workers to improve the performance level. Such that out of 100%, 13.3% stated that creativity is the most
affecting growth factor that shows worker enhance their performance. On the other side, 4 of them stated that effective communication
is the sign of growth factor and 13.33% of them are involve themselves in the decision making progress. Therefore, majority of the m
are highly agreed that these all are considering as a growth factor which in turn improve the performance. So it is reflected that with
the help of effective motivation strategies, company is able to attract the range of employees and this in turn generate the best outcome
as well.
Theme 6: Yes, employee performance and motivation are interlinked

Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Yes 23 76.7
No 7 23.3
Total 30 100
Interpretation: With the reference of primary question, it is analyzed that there is a strong relationship between employee
performance and motivation because if Marks and Spencer offer different strategies related to motivation then it will assist to raise the
performance of employee. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between these variables which is also supported by the selected
participants. Such that out of 30 responses, 23 are highly agree with the statement while only 7 are stated no. therefore, it is analyzed
that motivation is consider as a predictor of job performance and this in turn improve the working environment of the company that
attract new employees towards it.
Theme 7: Benefits of having effective entrepreneurial skills
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Provide a
chance to
Interact
with each
other
7 23.3
Resolve
conflicts
easily
6 20

Increase
confidence
and provide
positive
working
environment
3 10
All of these 14 46.7
Total 30 100
Interpretation: An effective entrepreneurial skill majorly contributed to the success of a firm such that 23.3% of the selected
respondents are stated that it provides a chance to interact with each other. Like if entrepreneur have effective entrepreneurial skills
then they easily interact with each other, while 20% of them sated that it will assist to resolve the conflicts because of having effective
negotiation skills and this in turn generate the best outcomes. Apart from this, having a strong skill will lead to increase confidence as
well as provide positive working environment as it is stated by 10% of the employees. Overall 46.7% of the employees working in
Marks and Spencer are clearly reflected that these all are considering as a benefit of having entrepreneurial skills that assist to improve
the overall performance of an employee.
Theme 8: Different challenges face by company due to lack of entrepreneurial skills
Particulars Respondents
% of
respondents
Reduce
productivity 6 20
Negative
working
environment
4 13.3

Unforeseen
business
challenges
5 16.7
All of these 15 50
Total 30 100
Interpretation: There is a need of having effective entrepreneurial skills but lack of such skills may also leads to face many
challenge such that out of 30, 6 stated that productivity of a company is affected and 4 stated that it leads to creates negative working
environment in which employees are not working easily. Apart from this, 5 stated that unforeseen business challenges are consider
another challenge which affect the overall performance of a company. Further, 15 of them stated that these all are considered as a
challenge for the company and that is why, there is a need to recommend the strategies that helps to meet the define aim. Hence, it I
examine that entrepreneurial skills are plays an important role in the success of a company and that is why, Marks and Spencer is uses
this method to improve the performance.
Statistical analysis
It assist to determine the pattern and trend of overall findings and for that descriptive statistics will performed which in turn
helps to describe the basic features of data in a study. Hence it summarize the mean, median and mode which assist to identify overall
views of respondents with regards to particular questions. Moreover, the regression analysis is also used which in turn assist to ientify
the relationship between two variables by designing hypothesis.
Descriptive statistics

Are you
satisfied with
the
motivation
factor use by
the company
to improve
the
performance
?
Does
entrepreneurial
skills are
necessary for
motivating
employees?
Is there any
benefit of
developing
entrepreneurial
skill for
employees?
Is company
offer
monetary and
non-monetary
benefit to
you?
What are the
growth factor
that helps to
improve the
employee
performance?
Do you think
that employee
performance
and
motivation
are
interlinked?
What are the
benefits of
having
effective
entrepreneurial
skills?
What are the
challenges
faced by
employees
due to lack of
entrepreneuria
l skills?
Mean 1.2333 1.3000 1.2333 1.2667 3.2000 1.2333 2.8000 2.9667
Median 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 4.0000 1.0000 3.0000 3.5000
Mode 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 4.00
Std.
Deviation .43018 .46609 .43018 .44978 1.12648 .43018 1.27035 1.21721
Variance .185 .217 .185 .202 1.269 .185 1.614 1.482
` Interpretation: Through the descriptive statistics it is examine that average employees are highly satisfied with the working
environment because company offer different motivation factor to them which in turn improve the productivity of a company.
Moreover, 50% of them employees are stated that there is a need to develop entrepreneurial skills among authority which in turn
improve the results of a company along with financial performance. Also, table depicts that majority of the selected respondents are
agreeing that Marks and Spencer get many benefits while developing different skills among employees like promote creativity, foster
working environment etc. Apart from this, it is also analyzed that most of the participants are get benefited from company because it
offers monetary and non-monetary benefits once they attain the define target. Therefore, it is clearly reflected that with the help of
effective strategies company is trying to promote employees which in turn leads a business towards positive direction and this in turn
improve the results as well.
In addition to this, the table also exhibits that mean of the selected participants are stated that there are range of growth factors
available for the firm which in turn needs to improve the employee performance such that it enhances communication among
employee, also by involving them within decision making process will help to improve the performance. Beside this, 50% of the
employees are highly agree that there is an interrelationship between employee performance and motivation such that once the
benefits are provided then it will help to improve the performance of a firm. Also, there are many challenges face by the company
while implementing any strategy due to lack of entrepreneurial skills. That is why, company is keep focusing upon the methods that
helps to improve the productivity of a firm up to some level. Overall, it is clearly reflected that through motivation, employees are able
to perform better and that is why, senior manager and leaders must have applied different methods which in turn leads a business
towards positive direction.
Regression Analysis

H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no statistical difference between the mean value of motivation factor and employee performance.
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a statistical difference between the mean value of motivation factor and employee performance.
Model
Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .327a .107 .075 .41368
a. Predictors: (Constant), What are the growth factor that helps to improve the employee performance?
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F S
i
g
.
Sig.
1
Regression .575 1 .575 3.360 .077b
Residual 4.792 28 .171
Total 5.367 29
a. Dependent Variable: Are you satisfied with the motivation factor use by the company
to improve the performance?
b. Predictors: (Constant), What are the growth factor that helps to improve the employee
performance?
Interpretation: The above Anova table clearly interpreted that the P value is 0.07 which is higher than the standard criteria and
that is why, null hypothesis is accepted over other. Therefore, it is analyzed that there is no relationship between motivation factor and
employee performance. It is also identified from the summary table that there is moderate correlation between both variable because
the value 0.32 is fall under the category of 0.25 to 0.75. Also, it is identified from the secondary research that if employees are
motivated enough then their performance is also increases. Further, there is only 10% fluctuation between one variable over other such
that if employees are satisfied then there is only 10% of the chances of fluctuation over employee performance. Hence, it is examined
that company should focus upon different strategies in order to improve the performance and for that motivation strategies must be
applied that helps to creates positive impact upon others. Through regression, it is analyzed that in Marks and Spencer there is no
specific methods are applied that helps to improve the performance of employees which in turn generate the best outcomes.

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
Through the primary research it has been analyzed that employees of Marks and Spencer are highly motivated because
company uses range of motivation factor for their workers. Also to run a business in better manner, it is analyzed that leader must
possess strong entrepreneurial skills that helps to encourage employee to perform well and take a business at further level of success.
It is so because majority of the respondents are completely agreeing that entrepreneurial skills are necessary in order to motivate
worker. It is further supported by Nduka (2016) under the literature review section that entrepreneur should entrust their workers so
that they develop opportunities in order to handle any complex situation. This will further push employee to focus upon their abilities
and assist to attain the aim as well. On the other side, through data analysis section, it is also identified that more than 50% of the
employees are agree that there are many benefit of developing entrepreneurial skills for employees such that motivation.
Along with this Sharma and Sharma (2017) share their views and stated that with the help of effective entrepreneurial skills,
employees offered innovative product to their customers and this in turn minimize the chances of risk as well. Moreover, it is also
analyzed that Marks and Spencer uses different forms of motivation factor such that monetary and non-monetary benefits that helps to
keep attracting as well as encourage them to attain the define aim as well. Through primary research it is examine that quoted firm
uses such benefits and it will help the company to attain the task in specific tenure that aid to sustain the brand image of a firm. For
example, in monetary benefit, company offer incentives and bonus while non-monetary benefit include tour, promotion, leaves etc.
Hence, it is identified that it creates a direct impact upon the business performance which helps to sustain the brand image at global
level too. Badrianto and Ekhsan (2019) also supported that company should comply with Herzberg theory of motivation that also
support the employees and enhance their working performance as well. Overall this in turn improve the productivity as well as
profitability of the company in positive manner.
By analyzing the views of respondents, it has been analyzed that there are many growth factors that help to improve the
employee performance such that creativity, effective communication and involve in decision making process which in turn improve
the productivity of the company. Through the literature review it is also realized that if an organization uses motivation factor than it
will help to attract range of new employees and this in turn maintain the relationship with employees as well. Apart from this, 76% of
the selected participants are agreed that there is a strong interrelationship between employee performance and motivation and this in
turn helps to satisfy the job performance of an employee as well. Ma'ruf, Hadari and Amalia (2019) support by stating that motivation
is expected to have a positive effect upon the quality performance. Such that motivated employees are easily perform their work in
better manner and thus, having high level of motivation is considered in itself valuable. This in turn improve the productivity of a
company in positive manner as well. So it is clearly reflected that through effective motivation factor, an individual of Marks and
Spencer is able to attain the personal goals and this will lead to greater job satisfaction as well.
Through primary research it is analyzed that majority of the selected participants are agreed that company get many advantage
of having effective entrepreneurial skills such that majority of the respondents are agree that it provide a chance to interact with each
other. So with the help of such benefits Marks and Spencer grow at further level of success and improve the brand image of a
company at international level as well. It is also supported by PANCASILA, HARYONO and SULISTYO (2020) that it increases
confidence and provide many benefits that helps to create new products and minimize the challenges that may affect the overall
business in opposite manner. In addition to this, it is analyzed by applying the statistics that there is a moderate relationship between
the variables which clearly reflect that if there is a small change in a variable then it affects the another one as well. Hence, this is
interlinked with the statement that if company did not apply effective motivation factor than it will not cause any positive impact upon
the business performance. That is why, it is suggested to the company to use range of effective measure that keep promoting
employees to enhance their abilities as well as capacity.

Overall it is analyzed that there is a need to use effective motivation factor to their employees which in turn results in
financial gain. As Marks and Spencer uses advance technology in order to improve the business operations and for that company
needs highly efficient employees that helps to meet the define aim. So to retain the existing employees, it is necessary to use range of
motivation factor or strategies that assist to improve the overall performance in positive manner. In this, company may use different
theories such that Adam Smith and Maslow Hierarchy theory which in turn improve the overall performance of a company in positive
manner. Also, this in turn sustain the brand image of a company in positive manner which helps to grab attention of many customers
as well as employees. Hence, it is examining that there is a strong relationship between entrepreneurial skills and motivation because
it direct impact upon performance of employees as well as profitability of a company.

CHAPTER 6- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
From the above whole discussion, it is clear that for the proper management of the business the most important thing for the
company is to have proper motivation of the employees. The major reason for this is that if the employees will not be motivated within
the company then this will decrease the interest of the employees in working within the company. in addition to this it was also found
the entrepreneurial skill is of much importance as this involves the ability of the entrepreneur in converting the innovative ideas into a
good business. if the entrepreneur will be good and effective then only they can manage the working in much better and effective
manner. Along with this it was found that the if the company will not have the effective entrepreneurial skills then the employees of
the company will not be much motivated.
With the help of the above study it was analyzed that for the success of the research it was very important to frame the aim and
objectives of the study very clearly. This is majorly pertaining to the reason that the aim and objectives is the one which provides a
clear direction to the researcher for the completion of the research. Along with this from the literature review section it was seen that
the employee motivation is the most important thing in managing the workplace and the working of the employees. It was also found
that the entrepreneurial skills and motivation also assist in developing the working efficiency of the employees and resulting in overall
development of the company.
With the assistance of the research methodology section it was reviewed that the quantitative study is a better way of analyzing
the collected data in effective manner. The major reason for this is that when the researcher applies the quantitative study then this
involves applying different SPSS tools like regression and descriptive statistics which increases the working efficiency of the data
which has been collected. Furthermore, with help of the finding and discussion it was seen that the maximum of the participant was
satisfied with the motivation factors which are being used by the company in managing the employees of the company. in addition to
this it was also found that in motivating the employee’s entrepreneurial skill plays a crucial role and this benefit the employees in
developing their entrepreneurial skills as well.
Moreover, from the finding it was seen that the company is offering both monetary and non- monetary benefit to the
employees so that they are more attracted towards the company. further from the study it was also found that there are different types
of the growth factors which assist the company in improving the performance of the employees like creativity, effective
communication and many others. Hence, in the end it can be stated that when the company will focus on improving the
entrepreneurial skill in order to manage and maintain the employees interest within the company.
Recommendation
From the above whole study, it is clear that the use of entrepreneurial skills is very important for Marks and Spencer in
managing and keeping the employees motivated and connected with the company. Thus, some of the recommendation for the
improvement of the entrepreneurial skills to Marks and Spencer are as follows-
 The first and foremost recommended strategy for the company is to manage and implement a good communication system
within the company. the major reason for this is that if the company will not be having a good system of communication then
this will create differences and confusion among the employees. In addition to this when there will be proper and clear
communication then this will motivate employees in better and effective manner.
 Along with this another major recommendation to the company is that they must involve a proper feedback structure. Under
this structure all the employees are free to effectively provide their views and suggestion as how the company can improve the

working. This will be a good strategy as if the company will work on the suggestion provided by the employees. This will
motivate the employees as they will like the fact that all the suggestion being provided by the employees are being taken into
consideration.
 In addition to this another major suggestion for the company Marks and Spencer is value the contribution of the employees in
the business structure of the company. under this the company can review the work of the employees from time to time and
encourage the employees to work in more proper and effective manner. This will increase interest of employees and they will
provide much better response to the working of the company.
 Along with this another major recommendation for this the company is to improve the working environment and culture of the
company. the major reason for this is that if the company will not be creating a better culture then this will not motivate the
employees to work in better and effective manner. In addition to this if the environment of the working area will be good and
comfortable then this will motivate the employees to work in much better and effective manner. This will keep the employees
motivated towards the company and they will work in much effective and proper manner resulting in increase in working
efficiency of overall company.
 One more recommendation to the company is that they must focus on providing rewards and recognition to the employees
working in the company. for this company must focus on both financial and non- financial motivators. The major reason for
this is that it is not possible that each and every employee gets motivated with the money so for this the non- monetary benefits
must also be provided.

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