CEO's Role in Entrepreneurship Development: A Detailed Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of entrepreneurship development, specifically focusing on the role of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). It begins with an introduction to entrepreneurship development and the CEO's responsibilities, emphasizing the importance of strategic decision-making and leadership. The report then delves into the development of a business idea centered around providing accessible and affordable PCR testing services, particularly in response to the increased demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilizes the Customer Value Proposition Canvas to define the value offered to customers, identifying key benefits such as worry-free travel and rapid results. The Lean Business Model Canvas is employed to outline the business's key partners, activities, resources, and cost structure. Financial and financing plans are also discussed, highlighting revenue streams and profit margin objectives. The report concludes by summarizing the key aspects of the CEO's role in driving the business's success, including ensuring smooth operations, employee management, and external communication. The appendices provide additional details and supporting information, such as the location of the PCR machine.

Entrepreneurship
Development CEO

Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................3
Customer Value Proposition Canvas.................................................................................................4
Lean Business Model Canvas.............................................................................................................5
The C level specialist contribution.....................................................................................................9
Financial and Financing Plan............................................................................................................11
Summary.................................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................13
Appendix I..............................................................................................................................................15
Appendix II.............................................................................................................................................16
Appendix III............................................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship development can be defined as a way of enhancing the skills
as well as knowledge of entrepreneurs. This is usually done through various programs,
training and coaching sessions. The process of entrepreneurship development helps an
organization in improving the overall performance of the business as well as achieving
goals and objectives in an effective manner (Amponsah and Ahmed, 2017). The C-level
perspective chosen for this report is CEO or Chief Executive Officer, who is the highest-
ranked individual within an organization. The CEO is mainly responsible for the overall
success of the organization as well as making managerial-decision of the top-level. In
addition to this, the CEO is also responsible for leading the employees and executing
the long-term strategies. The communicate with the public as well as the shareholders
on behalf of the company. The business idea for this report is to set up a PCR machine
in cheaper areas so that everyone who needs to get a test done for Covid-19, can do it
easily. The business idea is profitable because the demand for getting tested during the
pandemic has increased. Also, the profit margin objectives for the first three years of
operation will be to make the service for Covid-19 testing available to all people who will
need it. The CEO of the company, Easy Travel PCR will make important decisions
regarding the expenses as well as investment that will be required for the business. The
profits as well as revenues are expected to grow over the years since the company will
offer solutions to the customers during the pandemic. The main objective of the
business is to offer effective services to the customers, gain their loyalty as well as
generate profits. The CEO will ensure that all employees within the company are aware
of the different expansion as well as development opportunities. All of the objectives in
this report are prepared by keeping in mind the role of Chief Executive Officer. A CEO is
a C level official who is responsible for making sure that all the business operations
within the company are carried out smoothly and their main responsibility is to ensure
that the employees carry out their jobs in an effective manner. the major roles of a CEO
include acting as the main point of communication between the employees of the
company as well as the board of directors.

Customer Value Proposition Canvas
Customer Value Proposition can be defined as the way in which a business
generates value in its products while targeting the potential customers. The respective
business, Easy Travel PCR will provide testing services by placing the PCR machine in
cheaper areas. This will provide the children, business travelers as well as people
travelling for leisure an access to test themselves (Ateljevic and Page, 2017). This is
valuable for the customers as during the time of this pandemic, the demand for getting
tested has increased largely. The machine which will be set up will provide real time
results and will be placed in cheaper areas. This will enable everyone to get themselves
tested who need to and the sample collection points will also be created. Premium pack
will also be created for people who need to travel for business repeatedly with busy
schedules. The respective business will provide medical results that will be recognized
for travel purposes in order to prevent isolation which usually affects the day-to-day
activities significantly. The main value proposition of the business will be that it will offer
solution to a problem which competitors aren’t.
The various benefits will be offered by the respective business, Easy Travel PCR
for both its customers through its product (Bansal, Garg and Sharma, 2019). One of the
major benefits that the company will offer is that the customers will be able to travel
worry free for business as well as leisure. Apart from this, there will be no cancellation
of holidays as well as delays in business. On the other hand, the test will be conducted
and results will be offered on the spot. This will eliminate any unnecessary need of
isolation. The customers will be able to get tested and fly easily. Another value that the
PCR machine will offer is that the testing can be done individually as well as there will
also be option of group and business testing as well as a holiday pack wherein the
results will be delivered to the customers directly. As a result, the amount of time
involved in the same will be less and the customers will be able to pre-plan their
expenses relating to individual health.
The key partners as to where the PCR testing machine will be set up will include
Luton Airport, Gatwick Airport, Victoria Coach Station London and Dover Port and
Eurotunnel. What makes these benefits valuable is that the customers will be able to get

themselves tested on the stop and this will eliminate any kind of need for isolation
(Ebrahimi and Mirbargkar, 2017). The customers’ main problem is that with the increase
in demand for getting tested during the time of pandemic has increased and due to this
many of them are not able to get their tests done. Therefore, with the setting up of this
machine, the business and leisure travelers as well as children will be able to get their
tests done and receive results as well. Since none of the competitors is offering this
type of service, Easy Travel PCR will be able to differentiate itself through this.
Lean Business Model Canvas
Lean canvas can be defined as one of the adaptations of the Business Model
Canvas that is much simpler but less complete than it. It can be defined as a type of
business strategy that primarily aims to eliminate waste in the products as well as
services while satisfying the needs of the customers. By doing so, the business is able
to attract a greater number of customers and gain their loyalty (Etzkowitz and Zhou,
2017). As a result, there is an increase in the overall sales as well as profitability and
the business also gain a competitive advantage against its competitors. It is important
for a business and can help it in streamlining its processes. This way, the business is
able to adapt quickly to any changes in the market and thus address the needs of the
customers in an efficient manner (What Does Having a Lean Business Model Mean?,

2020). Lean business models have today become an important component that
businesses take into account to enhance their overall performance. this is because a
lean business model focuses on what works for the business and will help it in
performing better in the market.
A business model canvas is important and can provide the business with useful
insights about the customers. It comprises of nine components which are described
below in context to the business idea chosen for this report.
Key Partners
• Luton
Airport
• Gatwick
Airport
• Victoria
Coach
Station
London,
Coach
Station
Birmingham
• Dover Port
and
Eurotunnel
Key Activities
• Sample
collection in
key points,
transport,
processing,
deliver
results.
• Create
clusters of
clients,
deals,
partnerships
Value
Propositions
 Offer on-
spot
testing
 Worry-free
travel
 Reliable
and cheap
testing
Customer
Relationships
• Frequent
traveler,
business,
expansive
• Aware, informed
Customer
Segments
 Kids
 Business
Travel
 Leisure
Travelers
 Emergency
Travelers
Key Resources
• PCR
Machine
• Sample
Collection
Mobile
Facility
• Collection
and PCR
Channels
• Social media
channels like
Facebook,
Tweeter,
Instagram
and websites
for
communicatin

Operator
Staff
g the service
to the
customer.
• Holiday
booking
businesses
• B2B channels
• POI Airports,
Coach
stations,
Ports
Cost Structure
• Cost involved in human resources and
technological processing operations;
transport of samples included
• PCR machine.
• Targeted ads and joint partnership
marketing campaigns
Revenue Streams
• Cash, Prepaid online electronic
payment, business pack, with check or
bank transfer
Customer Segments
This is the first of the nine elements in the Business Model Canvas and can be
defined as the process of dividing the customers into different individual groups based
on age, gender, spending habits as well as interests (Ferreira, Fernandes and Ratten,
2017). The customer segments of the respective business will include Kids, Business
Travel, Leisure Travelers and Emergency Travelers. The business will mainly target
single sided-market which will include people who are looking to get themselves tested.
Value Propositions
The value propositions act as the foundation for any business and is simply
referred to as the concept of the exchange of values between the customers as well as
the business. The value propositions of the respective business is that it will offer worry-

free travelling and delivery of results to the customers (Frederick, O'Connor and
Kuratko, 2018). The testing will be cheap as well as reliable.
Channels
Channels are defined as the means through which the customers come in
contact with the business and become a part of the sales cycle. In simple words,
channels include entities that the business uses in order to communicate about its
products to the customers. The different channels which the respective company will
use are social media channels like Facebook, Tweeter, Instagram and websites for
communicating the service to the customer. Besides this, holiday booking businesses
and B2B channels, POI Airports, Coach stations, Ports are also examples.
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships are important and define how businesses interact with
their customers in an effective manner (Horst and Murschetz, 2019). Therefore,
effective customer relationships help a business in retaining its customers as well as
attract a greater number of customers. Frequent traveler, business, expansive, Aware,
keeping them informed will be helpful in maintaining effective relationships with the
customers.
Revenue Streams
Revenue streams are defined as the way through which a company converts the
solution or value propositions offered by it to the problem of customers in to financial
gains. The revenue streams for Easy Travel PCR are Cash, Prepaid online electronic
payment, business pack, with check or bank transfer.
Key Partners
Key partners are external organizations, suppliers or parties that the business
would need to achieve it key activities and deliver the same to the customers in an
effective manner. They act as key partners who help the business in achieving value by
delivering what they promise to their customers (Huang and Knight, 2017). The key

partners of Easy Travel PCR are Luton Airport, Gatwick Airport, Victoria Coach Station
London, Coach Station Birmingham, Dover Port and Eurotunnel.
Key Activities
The key activities of a business are actions that it takes in order to achieve the
value proposition for the customers. Key activities are crucial for the success of the
business and to attract a greater number of potential customers. The key activities of
the respective business will include sample collection at key points, transport
processing and delivering results. Apart from this, the business will also deal with
various partnerships and other clients as well.
Key Resources
These can be defined as the resources which a business requires in order to
conduct its business activities. The key resources for the respective business will
include PCR Machine, Sample Collection Mobile Facility, Collection and PCR Operator
Staff. They will help the business in providing better services to the customers as well
as achieve the goals and objectives in an effective manner (The 20 Minute Business
Plan: Business Model Canvas Made Easy, 2016). As a result, the business will gain a
competitive advantage in the market.
Cost Structure
The cost structure of a business is defined as the cost which will be invested in
the operations of the business. The cost of operation can either be high or low
depending on the type of business as well as services offered (Ismoilov and et.al.,
2020). The different costs that will be incurred by the respective business will include
setting up the PCR machine, costs related to delivering the test results to the travelers
etc.
The C level specialist contribution
A CEO has many responsibilities within the organization as he/she is at the
highest position within the business. The roles and duties of a CEO range from one
organization to another, frequently depending on the organizational shape and/or length

of the organization. In smaller corporations, the CEO takes on a extra “palms-on
position”, such as making decrease-level enterprise choices (e.g., hiring of workforce).
In larger groups, she or he usually simplest offers with excessive-level corporate
strategy and main organization choices. Other duties are delegated to managers or
departments. While this tactic may not yet be commonplace, it serves to highlight the
power behind the HR branch, and to show how a CEO should usually be wondering
strategically about the organization’s employees (Kuratko and Morris, 2018). A
company will be triumphant handiest if its key employees keep to research and develop.
Creating an enterprise community can serve a spread of purposes in an employer and
is an vital duty for a CEO to tackle. This can encompass connecting with carriers,
uncovering capacity acquisition possibilities, joining or attending relevant enterprise
activities, sharing demanding situations with peers and mentors, beginning
neighborhood meetup groups and extra.
A CEO’s obligations: the entirety, specifically in a startup. The CEO is chargeable
for the success or failure of the business enterprise. Operations, advertising, strategy,
financing, introduction of employer lifestyle, human assets, hiring, firing, compliance
with safety policies, income, PR, and so on (Kuratko, 2017). It all falls on the CEO’s
shoulders. Being responsible means that the CEO is the only held responsible for the
fulfillment of the organization’s efforts, across the board. But of course, the CEO doesn’t
truly do all that work. The CEO’s 2nd responsibility is constructing subculture. Work gets
completed thru human beings, and people are profoundly tormented by lifestyle. A lousy
place to work can pressure away high performers. After all, they have their pick of
places to paintings. And a first-rate place to work can attract and hold the very pleasant.
He is the pinnacle most man or woman in an organization who is answerable for
method and evaluation of strategy. He plays a pivotal position in setting the project of
the enterprise, placing the dreams and targets. CEO is typically responsible for strategic
management of an organization. The role of CEO is essentially to control the outside
surroundings and relationships with the intention to create conditions for growth, fie may
additionally appearance after the internal agency.

Chief Executive Officers are answerable for leading businesses through precise
monetary instances in addition to awful ones, and for running with different tiers of
management within an enterprise to coordinate all activities inclusive of technological,
economic and organizational (Ogunlusi and et.al., 2018). A CEO performs a massive
element in a employer’s strategic planning irrespective of the size of the agency. In a
small commercial enterprise, a CEO’s foremost role is developing a business plan that
actually identifies the enterprise’s venture and goals. They delegate control obligations
to others regarding advertising techniques, accounting techniques, era and different
regions. In smaller groups CEO’s also act as operations managers. In this function the
CEO makes sure the company is turning a income at the same time as generating
products and services in an green manner. They also make certain these products and
services are to be had to customers fast enough to conquer the opposition. They keep a
near eye on marketplace traits and needs to ensure they live in advance of other
groups. When wished, they set up fee-cutting measures to make use of business
enterprise assets effectively.
Of all their obligations in a small enterprise, in all likelihood the CEO’s maximum
essential duty is to publicize and sell the agency and its services or products. The more
the buying public is made aware about an organization or emblem, the much more likely
income will observe (Qian, 2018). Gaining new commercial enterprise is done by means
of being component spokesperson and element goodwill ambassador when coping with
people. CEO’s regularly represent their organization at meetings, stockholder and board
conferences and corporate events. To the public, a Chief Executive Officer is the
company. By doing television and radio interviews, webcasts and writing articles for
exchange journals and consumer magazines a CEO is able to generate nice exposure
for the business enterprise.
Financial and Financing Plan
A monetary plan is a document that describes your current monetary fame, your
financial goals and when you want to achieve them, and techniques to meet the ones
desires. You can use your plan as a benchmark to degree the progress you are making
and update your plan as your dreams and time frame alternate. Undoubtedly, finance is

one of the most crucial components of a business. With huge finances, every day cash
waft and non-stop transaction, managing and monitoring all of the above flip important.
As a be counted of truth, managing finance is influential in relation to making selections.
To begin a commercial enterprise, you will want cash (Sutter, Bruton and Chen, 2019).
It is obvious that to make step one and launch your commercial enterprise, capital
investment is required. Further, as you pass up the timeline, getting substances, hiring
experts, marketing and checking out, every unmarried step could need financial
management. Businesses generate widespread amounts of cash each day. This cash
has for use further to pay payments, delegate budget, invest in more than one
engagement and screen all. Managing the influx and outflow of money inside your
corporations is essential. Failing the above, it turns into difficult to allocate budget
efficaciously and correctly. Not to forget about that abnormal waft of money can flip a
business bankrupt.
Summary
From the above report, it can be said that in order to start and operate a new
business, it is important to analyze various finances that can affect its operations. This
involves taking various activities as well as the use of various resources. Effective
utilization will be required to ensure that business operations care conducted in an
appropriate manner. In context to the respective business, the service of testing for
Covid-19 will be provided. This will be done by setting up a PCR machine at the
cheaper areas and providing cheaper test kits to different travelers. The main value
proposition of the business is that it will offer various services. The numerous
advantages may be offered with the aid of the respective business for each its
customers through its product. One of the foremost benefits that the employer will offer
is that the clients can be able to tour worry free for business in addition to leisure. Apart
from this, there will be no cancellation of vacations in addition to delays in business. The
Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic control device to fast and easily outline
and communicate a commercial enterprise idea or idea. It is a one web page document
which fits thru the fundamental factors of a commercial enterprise or product, structuring
an idea in a coherent manner.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Amponsah, C. T. and Ahmed, G., 2017. Factors affecting entrepreneurship in emerging
economies: a case of Dubai. Journal for International Business and
Entrepreneurship Development, 10(2), pp.120-137.
Ateljevic, J. and Page, S. J. eds., 2017. Tourism and entrepreneurship. Routledge.
Bansal, S., Garg, I. and Sharma, G.D., 2019. Social entrepreneurship as a path for
social change and driver of sustainable development: A systematic review and
research agenda. Sustainability, 11(4), p.1091.
Ebrahimi, P. and Mirbargkar, S. M., 2017. Green entrepreneurship and green innovation
for SME development in market turbulence. Eurasian Business Review, 7(2),
pp.203-228.
Etzkowitz, H. and Zhou, C., 2017. The triple helix: University–industry–government
innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge.
Ferreira, J. J., Fernandes, C. I. and Ratten, V., 2017. Entrepreneurship, innovation and
competitiveness: what is the connection?. International Journal of Business and
Globalisation, 18(1), pp.73-95.
Frederick, H., O'Connor, A. and Kuratko, D. F., 2018. Entrepreneurship. Cengage AU.
Horst, S. O. and Murschetz, P. C., 2019. Strategic media entrepreneurship: Theory
development and problematization. Journal of Media Management and
Entrepreneurship (JMME), 1(1), pp.1-26.
Huang, L. and Knight, A. P., 2017. Resources and relationships in entrepreneurship: An
exchange theory of the development and effects of the entrepreneur-investor
relationship. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), pp.80-102.
Ismoilov, R. B. and et.al., 2020. The Essence Of Small Business And Private
Entrepreneurship And The Theoretical Basis Of Its Development. The American
Journal of Applied sciences, 2(08), pp.45-50.
Kuratko, D. F. and Morris, M. H., 2018. Examining the future trajectory of
entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), pp.11-23.
Kuratko, D. F., 2017. Corporate entrepreneurship 2.0: research development and future
directions. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 13(6), pp.441-490.
Ogunlusi, C. F. and et.al., 2018. Employment generation and poverty alleviation: The
effect of entrepreneurship development programmes in Southwest Nigeria.
World Journal of Entrepreneurial Development Studies, 2(3), pp.44-46.
Qian, H., 2018. Knowledge-based regional economic development: A synthetic review
of knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Economic Development Quarterly, 32(2), pp.163-176.
Sutter, C., Bruton, G. D. and Chen, J., 2019. Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme
poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing,
34(1), pp.197-214.
Online
What Does Having a Lean Business Model Mean?. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.americanexpress.com/en-us/business/trends-and-insights/articles/
what-does-having-a-lean-business-model-mean/ >.

The 20 Minute Business Plan: Business Model Canvas Made Easy. 2016. [Online].
Available through:< https://www.alexandercowan.com/business-model-canvas-
templates/>.

Appendix I
Primary and Secondary market research
Market Size - Commercial enterprise concept will be taken forward on very huge
scale as it consists of providing check alternatives for pandemic time.
Market Growth – in context to the respective business, market penetration
strategy will be used. This will help it in enhancing its overall sales in an existing market.
in order to develop further, the business will use market development strategy wherein it
will focus on expanding its business by entering a new market with existing product.
Segment – Key customers of commercial enterprise concept of take a look at kit
for COVID 19, is those who cannot afford high priced take a look at kits as well as
commercial money owed also like organizations, resorts corporations and lots of more.
Competitors – In UK there are several take a look at kits available who are
competitors for this test package.
Marketing Channels - They are mainly the usage of two marketplace channel for
attracting customers in powerful way i.e., enterprise site and social media gear and also
through merchandising completed via authorities.
Key Partners - There are several key companions of take a look at package
which includes investors, authorities, lenders, social activists, NGO's and so forth.

Appendix II
Fixed costs
(In £)
Variable
costs (In £)
Fixed costs
(In £)
Variable
costs (In £)
1st year 2nd year
Online application
development 3000 0
Salary to staff 15000 15000
Promotional cost 500 300
Licensing charges 400 250
Insurance cost 1200 1200
Raw material 35000 55000
Packaging cost 4500 6000
Labour charges 1000 1800
Other costs 500 700
Subtotal 20100 41000 16750 63500
Total 61100 80250 91650
Revenue
stream for
first three
years

Number of
tests orders
per day
Price per order Total revenue
of week
Total yearly
revenue (48
weeks)
1st year 300 100 30000 1440000
2nd year 250 100 25000 1200000
3rd year 200 100 20000 960000
Assumptions:
 The number of tests order per day has been assumed.
 Number of weeks in a year is also assumed.
 Sales price

Appendix III
BEP: Fixed cost/contribution per unit
Contribution per unit: Sales price-variable cost per unit
= 100-80
= 20
1st year: 20100/20
= 1005 Units
2nd year: 16750/20
= 83.75 Units
3rd year: 16750/20
= 837.5 Units
Cash flow analysis table
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
No. Sales 67200 84000 100800
Selling price £100
Sales revenue 6720000 8400000 100800
Cash Budget for 3 years
Receipts (cash inflow)

Cash sales 537600 672000 806400
Investment
Payments (cash outflow)
Online application development 3000 0 0
Salary to staff 15000 15000 15000
Promotional cost 500 300 300
Licensing charges 400 250 250
Insurance cost 1200 1200 1200
Raw material 35000 55000 65000
Packaging cost 4500 6000 6800
Labour charges 1000 1800 2200
Other costs 500 700 900
Cash balance 476500 591750 714750
Opening balance 0 476500 1068250
Closing balance 476500 1068250 1783000