Entrepreneurship Report: Policy and Governance Model for UK Healthcare

This report examines the global healthcare challenge of neonatal deaths, specifically focusing on the UK context, and proposes an entrepreneurship-driven policy and governance model to address this issue. The introduction highlights the significance of neonatal deaths, the impact on population, and the role of UNICEF in supporting solutions. The report analyzes the existing policies and governance models, evaluating their effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement. It explores the need for a new policy and governance program that supports entrepreneurs in developing innovative solutions to reduce neonatal deaths. The proposed model involves market research, awareness campaigns, stakeholder engagement, and funding mechanisms. The analysis also includes a critical evaluation of current policies, such as those implemented by the Department of Health and Social Care and various NGOs, highlighting their limitations and the need for an entrepreneurship-focused approach. The report provides a detailed overview of the current state of neonatal care in the UK, including the initiatives and their shortcomings and suggests ways to improve the existing policies and governance models.

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Summary..........................................................................................................................................1
Critical Analysis of the Policy and Governance Model..................................................................3
Analysis of other existing policies...............................................................................................3
Analysis of current policy implementation..................................................................................5
Different models and their roles and responsibilities..............................................................8
Efficiency of Policy governance model to meet the criteria............................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to enlighten the reader with the information about the global
healthcare issue of neo natal deaths in the worldwide environment. The neo natal deaths are
being a major threat in the worldwide environment. If child birth rate would be reduced then it
would definitely affect the overall population of the nation. The ratio of old people to young
would increase which would also affect the GDP of the nation. The neo natal fatalities are
extremely complicated due to which mothers require special care and attention in worldwide
environment. The UNICEF is also taking initiative to proactively take measures for this issue
and support the uprising entrepreneurs to find solutions for the given problem. The below
mentioned report analyse the summary of given entrepreneurial and governance project to
resolve the healthcare issue and its critical analysis as well. Several existing policies are
evaluated along with framing of new policies for the issue. The stakeholders, their interest and
efficiency of the project in the environment are also discussed in the paper. More details about
the report are mentioned below:
Summary
The governance model will address the global healthcare challenge of neo natal deaths and will
be applied in the healthcare and entrepreneurial environment of UK. Neonatal death refers to the
death of premature or sick babies born. The most common cause of neonatal deaths are low birth
weight, premature birth or birth defects. An autopsy helps in finding the reason that why the bay
died. Neonatal death is when a baby is unable to survive its first 28 days of life on earth (Knight,
et. al., 2015).
There is high degree of this percentage in the UK environment, due to which the government is
also concerning about this issue. Some problems arise during pregnancies that are unidentified,
due to which the baby faces difficulty to live during its initial 28 days of life. Therefore, the need
has emerged to find solution for the give problems in the worldwide environment. The facts have
come out clear that current governmental regulations and policies are helping the associations
and organization to significantly reduce the infant mortality rate in UK but with the changing

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trends, it is also expected that the ratio will take an upwards turn to the misfortune of the
government (Allanson, et. al., 2016).
It should be noted that with the changing environment, the food is getting adulterate and
healthcare industry is become a mere money making alliance of associations. Due to which the
level of services is reduces and this rate is significantly increasing. Thus, this policy and
governance program would help the government in talking to the entrepreneurs in the language
that they understand. The entrepreneurs in the business environment work to attain profitability
by making use of innovative ideas and promoting brand image in the international environment
(Knight, et. al., 2017). This policy model would provide all the facilities to the entrepreneurs to
work on their mission while significantly helping the people and especially mothers from
neonatal death trauma.
The policy and governance model would initially assemble all the entrepreneurs in the business
environment. The governance should initiate a market research so as to analyse the prospective
people present in the environment who could play the lead role in eliminating problem of neo
natal deaths from the environment UK. The objective of the policy is not to come up with a
solution but to encourage to entrepreneurs to come up to with a solution to improve the problem
of neonatal deaths in UK (Alimam, et. al., 2016).
After implementing the market research, the department should then focus on spreading
awareness in the external environment. This stage of the governance model is crucial as it the
leading factor that would drive brainstorming ideas for the purpose of finding solutions to reduce
neonatal deaths from the UK environment. The department would focus on providing a platform
to the entrepreneurs to come together and take proactive actions as well. This would help in
developing a platform to entertain the entrepreneurs with their queries and promoting them to
initiate differential actions as well. It is important to understand that this policy would elaborate
the issue of neonatal, spread awareness, welcome new brainstorming idea, sanction funds to the
entrepreneurs and monitor the overall growth as well (Battersby, et. al., 2017).
This is the major function of the policy that is to find prospective people to solve the given
global healthcare challenge from UK. Analysing the key stakeholders related to the process, it
should be noted that through market research, the department would welcome several NGOs like

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Cry, Save the Children etc. take part in the event and work to provide help to mothers during
their child birth. This will help them to accomplish their NGO objective as well. Further, several
statutory bodies connected with the state would also take part in the governance program. Funds
would be allocated with the help of finance department of the government. The government
would also appoint supervisors or official to monitor the growth of entrepreneurial project (Nair,
Knight, and Kurinczuk 2016). The project would be endorsed by several famous personalities
like Joanna Shields, and hospitals like Royal Berkshire NHS etc. The government would also
come together with several activists in the UK environment so as to project in the market for the
betterment of the society. The key stakeholder would be involved in the decision making process
of the project. The NGOs, corporations, entrepreneurs etc. would collectively take part and find
solutions for the problem (Wright, and Barlow 2015).
Critical Analysis of the Policy and Governance Model
Analysis of other existing policies
 In the year 2017, England faced 2636 deaths of infants that were due to neonatal defects
that the doctors were unable to resolve. This rate was decreased in consideration to the
2016 by 0.6% by the degree of births was also reduced in the year 2017 resulting in
which, the overall outcome appeared to be negative for the society. There are 4 deaths
over every 1000 live births in England. The government through their initiatives is
focusing on reducing the neonatal by 50% by the end of 2025.
Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) tracks down the growth of their project
and scope in the improvement of death in the international environment. This department
of the UK government focuses on providing additional benefits to the mothers in the
environment so that they do not face any sort of difficulty while giving birth. The
government is focusing on opening more healthcare centres with NICU so as to prevent
deaths of the children. The government is also preparing to provide portable NICU
facilities to the new born so that their life can be saved when they are exposed to real
world. The portable NICU is an innovative idea that would help the government in
reducing neonatal deaths in UK. This initiative would motivate the entrepreneurs to make
use of brainstorming ideas to attain more benefits in the society (Flenady, et. al., 2017).

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 The government of UK is unable to analyse the economic impact of this healthcare issues
on the nation. The national policies defined focuses on increasing the efficiency and
scope of practice of the healthcare professional so that they can provide adequate services
to the people in the UK environment. The hospitals are assigned to provide healthcare
facilities to the mothers all the time round the clock so that they can prevent any fatality
from happening (Public Health England 2020).
The hospitals assign senior doctors in both day and night shift so that they can cater the
unseen accident any time it approaches to time. The time of delivery is not known to any
person due to which not having facilities a premature baby or a baby at different location
is another reason for neonatal deaths. Therefore, it should be noted that the government
need to increase their budget so that they can adequately meet the needs to the mothers. It
is also important to need those neonatal operations and surgeries are extremely
complicated because they are done on small and tiny bodies (Office of National Statistics
2020). Thus, it can be seen as a deficiency in the project of the government as they
require new and efficient healthcare professional in the nation.

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 The government stated the fact in June 2019 that 15 babies die every day in UK due to
unawareness of education about pregnancy and improper care during pregnancy.
MBRRACE-UK Perinatal Surveillance is a campaign that was introduced by the Sands.
This campaign is a collaboration of clinicians and experts who works to collect
information from different hospitals of UK who dies after giving birth or soon after that
and within 22 weeks. This work of the NGO is funded by the UK government because
the information is delivered to them. Further, Each Baby Count is another initiative
introduced in the environment to capture the same cause but with a differential approach.
This program works is formed by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
with an objective to reduce the number of babies who face death due to brain injury or
any other unseen problem occurred during labour (Gov. UK 2020). This event works on
the basis of information provided to them from the maternity segment of UK hospitals.
The EBC team analyse the hospital review report and find out the real reasons of the neo

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natal deaths in the hospitals. This scrutiny creates a threat in the hospitals due to which
they work efficiently to reduce the level of deaths.
However, the fact should be noted that the above mentioned evaluation explained the current
campaigns and policies prevailing in the environment for the purpose to reduce the neonatal
deaths. It should be noted that the NGOs do not have the authority to make any comment on the
hospitals as they are only allowed by the government to research and look for the information but
they are not allowed to introspect the wrong doer. Resulting in which, not enough changes
appear in the UK healthcare environment. Therefore, critically evaluating the facts it should be
noted that the need to implement governance model entrepreneurs has emerged in the healthcare
society. This policy would provide opportunity to take actions in the society for the given cause
(Nuffield Trust 2020).
Analysis of current policy implementation
The policy which the government should implement eliminates all the inefficiencies that the
current NGO and governmental system holds. This entrepreneurial policy and governance model
would help in eradicating the neonatal death issue by providing opportunity to the entrepreneurs
to take care of it. Below mentioned is the elaboration of the current policy implementation in UK
environment:
Explanation of meaning and possible reasons of neonatal death: Under this step, the government
would consider exploring the meaning of neonatal deaths and its reasons prevailing in the
international environment. The government would not only look for the areas which are present
in UK but they will also consider the evaluation of neonatal deaths occurring outside UK. This
would provide better analysis and information of the reasons that what are possible reasons due
to which such deaths occur and how they can be prevented. Further, they would also research the
macro environmental analysis that cause differently for mothers during pregnancy. Before the
implementation of the policy, it is also important to analyse that to what extent help is available
to needy people in the UK environment (Łakomy-Zinowik, and Horváthová 2016). This,
information will help the entrepreneurs and NGOs in implement further actions. Details about
such information should be further provided to all the stakeholders connected with the case in
order to find prospective solution.

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Awareness for the healthcare issue: After initiating the research in the environment, the
government would define the separate statutory body that would only focus on spreading
awareness in the UK environment. Although, entrepreneurs and other organizations are working
to provide prospective solution for the mothers and their babies but the parents also need to have
adequate information about the baby whom they are giving a life and how they can protect the
baby. By spreading awareness, the association would get the opportunity to attain the interest
towards the problem and seek help from the worthy people as well (Mazzucato 2015). This
would help in welcoming the right type of people for the project. Awareness is a crucial factor of
the model that would help in gaining the interest of people and having them contribute towards a
good cause as well.
Commissioning and Communication: The process of integrated commission would help in
making sure that the complete system works to approach the people and organizations that can
tackle the infant mortality rate. Under this stage, the governing body would collaborate the local
authorities to take part in the process and enlighten the entrepreneurs which the actual issues
faced and how they can resolve it. The local authorities are held responsible to support the
entrepreneurs and provide them resources and services that they require from the environment
(Ormond, and Nah 2019). The commissioning process would ingrate the complete system and
provide authority to each and every stakeholder so that they can effectively contribute their share
in working towards the goal in the UK environment.
Accepting brainstorming ideas: after the rules and regulations are defined and the governing
bodies are formed then the government should then start accepting brainstorming ideas in the
environment. It can be seen in such a way that the government is providing opportunity to the
entrepreneurs and organizations in the form of tender that they have to achieve by providing the
best innovative solution to eliminate the problem of neonatal deaths in UK environment (Milton,
and Grix 2015). This would increase competitiveness of entrepreneurs to find the best solution
for the given problem. The brainstorming ideas of the stakeholders should be accepted and
reviewed by the governing authorities so as to find positive factors and drawbacks in the process.
Sanctioning funds: after the brainstorming ideas are reviewed by the governing body on the basis
of several parameters, the government would then look for the best option and would check the
effectiveness of that program. The government would then sanction funds to the entrepreneur to

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who proposed the selected idea and who setup a team for them to work up on it. Before
permitting the funds, the governing body would see the proposal of the project and the KPIs
(Key Performance Indicators) of the success of the given project, and then only they would
approve the income to the entrepreneur (Gardner, Webster, and Mittra 2017).
Co-ordination and leadership: after the plan is approved and the work is started with a positive
approach to eliminate the problem of neonatal deaths, the governing bodies should then regularly
introspect the functions of the entrepreneurs and other stakeholders as well. Co-ordination
process would ease the functioning of the entrepreneur and would make then realize the
importance of the event to be successful. The leadership process would help the entrepreneur in
forming a pathway to eliminate the problems from the environment (Greenhalgh, Fahy, and
Shaw 2018). Leadership would increase the effectiveness of the project as well. However,
looking at the seriousness and need of the success of the project, the governing body would
define the measure that analyse that the project is working as per the expectations and would
attain success as well. Any mis-happening would penalize the authorities working on the project
and the stakeholder found under danger.
Monitoring success: Lastly, after the completion of the project, it is being implemented in the
environment of UK. Any sort of unseen issue is directly rectified by the entrepreneurial team
under the surveillance of the governing body. Further, feedback is taken from the hospitals and
NGOs so find out the excellence of the project and its true outcomes on the rate of neonatal
deaths in UK environment (Barrow 2018).
Different models and their roles and responsibilities
Considering the areas of responsibility and the extent of the involvement of stakeholders in the
given project, it should be noted that as this model is new and efficient, therefore it eliminates all
the issues that were concerned with other programs. This model would involve the interference
of the entrepreneurs, NGOs, local authorities and hospitals in the project because they are the
associations that are in direct contact with the patients and their problems. Therefore, it is
assumed that they know better and they have the right to provide their opinion about the problem
of neonatal deaths. The entrepreneur whose project is selected makes complete involvement in
the project and holds power along with responsibility to make the right type of decision (Kassel
2017).

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Other stakeholders are also welcomed to provide innovative solutions for the given problem and
take proper initiatives to resolve the problem as well. It is responsibility of the stakeholders to
contribute their share in resolving such problems in the environment. This governing model is
innovative; therefore, the government provide incubation centres to the stakeholder where they
can take part in the actions to resolve the problem of neonatal deaths. Resulting in which, it can
be said adequate level of authority is providing the stakeholder and high involvement of
entrepreneurs is the factor that would increase success of the process. The stakeholders are
bound to comply with several legal obligations related to the government of UK if they want to
support in the entrepreneurial project (Niccum, et. al., 2017). Lastly, it should be noted that
strictness does not make an event successful but innovation and collaboration does. Therefore,
through this model, the government govern the functions of entrepreneurs and provide them
opportunity to eliminate the issues as well. Thus, adequate level of involve is conducted by
stakeholders under this model (Greenhalgh, and Fahy 2015).
Efficiency of Policy governance model to meet the criteria
The entrepreneurial policy and governmental model is a new and innovative model that is not
strict but flexible. Therefore, it would successfully comply with the given requirement and prove
good for the healthcare society. The efficiency and effectiveness of the policy governance model
to meet the criteria are mentioned below:
 Decision-Making and Effectiveness : the decision making process needs to constructive
and efficient otherwise it would delay the decision which would subsequently make the
operation delay. Therefore, the governing body has defined a special set of council to
take several decision in the environment under the guidance of stakeholders
(entrepreneur). For instance, the funding decision, selection of entrepreneur for the
project etc. decisions are taken by the council while considering all the available aspects
present in the environment. It is important to understand that every decision is important
it will affect the decision of living of child in the world. Therefore, a separate body is
defining which takes unbiased decision in the environment (Koijen, Philipson, and Uhlig
2016). This council is free to take the decision without facing any pressure in the
environment. The authorities present under this council have efficient subject matter

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knowledge of the issue and the current trends due to which it is sure that they would take
right type of decision in the environment that would support the process of highlight the
issue as well. Thus, in this way efficiency of the model is attained through effective
decision making process (Roth 2017).
 Resources and Financing : the human resource is the asset that helps in efficient
implementation of an event in the worldwide environment. With the help of adequate
calibre of human resource management linked with the process, the council gains the
opportunity to attain productivity of the event. Entrepreneurs are the people who can
convert the losses into profits, therefore aligning with such people to complete the
governmental project would definitely initiate success only. It is believed that the
governmental projects involve bureaucracy and inefficient activities therefore they do not
provide success. However, involving the entrepreneurs and millennial in the process who
work for growth, success and fame attain success in the society irrespective of facing
issues in the environment. Therefore, such human resource would help in achieving the
healthcare project in the environment. Further, it should be noted that the project is
financed by the government and the expenditures are made under the surveillance of
council made the government. Due to which, there is no scope of wastage of fund in the
environment (Miller, and French 2016).
 Flexibility : this governance model is based on the concept of flexibility because
strictness in the projects did not help the government in any way in resolving the
healthcare issues in the environment. It should be noted that flexibility is important for
the implementation of an entrepreneurial project and its success in the current
environment (Berezin, Sergi, and Gorodnova 2018). The trends in the healthcare industry
of UK keeps on changing based on new features coming from different parts of the
world. The entrepreneurs would make use of proactive approach to welcome such
changes in the environment use them in the process so as to attain efficiency as well.
Changing according to current trends always help the organizations in attain exponential
growth in the international environment. Therefore, it should be noted that flexibility
feature in the given project would help in initiating success for the healthcare project. The
local authority holds the responsibility manage the flexibility aspect in the entrepreneurial