Literature Review: Kayaking, Canoeing, and Marine Life Impact

This literature review assesses the environmental impact of kayaking and canoeing on the marine life of North Stradbroke Island. The assignment explores adventure tourism and its effects on the ecosystem, highlighting the adverse impacts of exploiting natural resources and decreasing greenery. It examines the role of kayaking and canoeing as recreational activities and their consequences on the marine environment, including the impact on vulnerable species and habitats. The review discusses the importance of environmental directives and guidelines to conserve biodiversity, emphasizing the need for the tourism industry to balance recreational needs with ecological preservation. It also references existing research and provides relevant data related to environmental degradation, with a focus on the need for effective environmental conservation strategies.

Running head: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT
Literature review on the impact of Kayaking and Canoeing on the marine life of North
Stradbroke Island
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

1
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
Table of contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Background................................................................................................................................2
Literature review........................................................................................................................3
Kayaking and canoeing..........................................................................................................3
Marine life of North Stradbroke Island..................................................................................3
Impact of kayaking and canoeing on the marine life of North Stradbroke Island.................4
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

2
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
The tourism type selected in this assignment is the adventure tourism. Exploitation of
the natural resources has adversely affected the habitats of the fauna and flora. The major
drive behind this is the fulfilment of the basic human needs. Decreasing greenery in the
ecosystems have reduced the tourists, passionate towards adventure (Epstein, 2018). This
assignment attempts to assess the impact of the Kayaking and Canoeing on the marine life of
North Stradbroke islands. This is in terms of ensuring the conservation means for the rivers,
which have become intolerable for the marine life. Moreover, it has aggravated the
complexities for the adventurers (Papathanasopoulou et al., 2016).
Background
North Stradbroke Island is situated within Moreton Bay, Queensland. Before the era
of 1896, the island was considered as a part of Stradbroke island. The island is the habitat of
rare, vulnerable and endangered species like migratory wading birds, Wallum froglet, Sedge
frog and Pygmy Perch. Diversity is also reflected in the flora with 599 native and 181
introduced species.
Figure: North Stradbroke Island
(Source: Straddiekingfishertours.com.au, 2018)

3
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
The island has achieved accolades and glory for the increased tourism. This is because
of the provision of effective water rides for taking the adventurers into the close proximity to
the ecological biodiversity. As a matter of specification, these rides includes kayaking and
canoeing services (Martin, Ballance & Groves, 2016).
Figure: Kayaking services in the Stradbroke Island
(Source: Straddiekingfishertours.com.au, 2018)
Literature review
Kayaking and canoeing
Kayaking and canoes are used as a sports activity in the lakes, rivers and water
bodies. For participating in the activities, the participants need to be physically fit. As a
matter of specification, it is used as a water transport used for carrying the passengers from
one place to another. In tourism, kayaking and canoe are used solely used for the purpose of
providing recreational facilities to the tourists, which increases the profit margin of the
tourism industry (McKinnon et al., 2015).
Marine life of North Stradbroke Island
The waters surrounding the North Stradbroke Island enliven the scenic beauty of
Brisbane. The beauty of the lakes is enhanced through the conglomeration of the mangrove

4
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
forests. There are five beaches in the island, which has attained popularity due to the
activities of fishing, surfing and many other water sports. The diversity marine life
mesmerizes the tourists. This includes whales, dolphins, turtles and dugongs and colourful
fishes. With the onset of the spring, it is the breeding season for the animals, which enhances
the marine life at the island. Farming of the fish species is the main source of income for the
people living in the nearby areas. The tourism industry personnel provides thrilling
opportunities to the tourists to delve deep into the island and experience the exotic marine
world through snorkelling, scuba diving and witnessing the sea life from the shores
(Hammerton & Bucher, 2015).
Impact of kayaking and canoeing on the marine life of North Stradbroke Island
The canoes and kayaks are prepared from the skin of the animals. This reduces the
number of the population of the marine animals (Chiu et al., 2014).
Figure: Kayak made from the skin of sea mammals
(Source: Bowles & Ruhanen, 2018)
Adherence to the guidelines helps the paddlers to avoid dangers and ensure the
privacy of both the animals and the humans in waters. Cleanliness and hygiene of the canoes
and other equipments, after their usage, prevents the spread of infectious disease to the

5
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
marine animals. On the other hand, non-compliance to the environmental directives makes
the tourists and the environmental agencies guilty of polluting the environment (Jones et al.,
2016). Typical examples of this includes throwing the wastes here and there instead of
dustbins; launching canoes from water among others.
Conclusion
This assignment takes up the burning issue of the degrading water quality, which is
destroying the habitat of the marine animals. Literature review is produced in terms of
making the readers aware of the extent to which the rivers, lakes and other water bodies are
polluted. This is intentional, as their needs, demands and requirements are fulfilled through
the exploitation of the natural resources. Narrowing the focus on the kayaking and canoeing
activities is Nortn Stradbroke Island proves beneficial in terms of producing relevant data
related to the environmental degradation. The reference of the island is just a part for the
extended form of degradation, which is destroying the ecological diversity. The need of the
hour is introduction of effective and flexible environmental directives and guidelines for
conserving the environmental diversity. Tourism industry needs to consider the directives and
guidelines for catering to the recreational needs of the tourists through the preservation of
ecological biodiversity.

6
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
References
Bowles, L., & Ruhanen, L. (2018). Disseminating environmental ethics and values: a study of
ecotourism business owners. Tourism Review, 73(2), 252-261.
(Link- https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/TR-08-2017-0136)
Chiu, Y. T. H., Lee, W. I., & Chen, T. H. (2014). Environmentally responsible behavior in
ecotourism: Antecedents and implications. Tourism management, 40, 321-329.
(Link- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517713001325)
Epstein, M. J. (2018). Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and
measuring corporate social, environmental and economic impacts. Routledge.
Hammerton, Z., & Bucher, D. (2015). Levels of intervention–reducing SCUBA-diver impact
within subtropical marine protected areas. Journal of Ecotourism, 14(1), 3-20.
Jones, N. A., Ross, H., Shaw, S., Witt, K., Pinner, B., & Rissik, D. (2016). Values towards
waterways in south east Queensland: Why people care. Marine Policy, 71, 121-131.
Martin, S. L., Ballance, L. T., & Groves, T. (2016). An ecosystem services perspective for the
oceanic eastern tropical Pacific: Commercial fisheries, carbon storage, recreational
fishing, and biodiversity. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3, 50.
McKinnon, A., Browne, M., Whiteing, A., & Piecyk, M. (Eds.). (2015). Green logistics:
Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics. Kogan Page Publishers.
Papathanasopoulou, E., White, M. P., Hattam, C., Lannin, A., Harvey, A., & Spencer, A.
(2016). Valuing the health benefits of physical activities in the marine environment
and their importance for marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 63, 144-152.

7
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENT
Straddiekingfishertours.com.au (2018), About us, Retrieved 12th August 2018 from
http://www.straddiekingfishertours.com.au/straddie-kayaking-tours.html