Comprehensive Summary: Research on Environmental Health Risks

This assignment provides summaries and evaluations of several research papers focusing on environmental health. The first paper discusses efficient cooling tower operation at alkaline pH for Legionella control, highlighting its importance for environmental friendliness and revealing that L. pneumophila can survive at pH 9.4. The second paper examines Legionella risk in evaporative cooling systems, noting breaches in health and safety compliance due to cleanliness and training issues. A third paper analyzes a Legionnaires’ Disease outbreak in Portugal, identifying risk factors and mortality rates. The fourth study investigates plastic additives in sea turtles from the Mediterranean, finding OPEs in all samples and calling for further research on their toxicological effects. The fifth paper compares heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetables irrigated by wastewater versus tube well water, revealing higher metal concentrations in wastewater-irrigated samples. Finally, the assignment summarizes a study on wastewater's impact on biofilm microbial communities in streams, emphasizing ecological impacts and the need for strategies to reduce these effects. Each summary includes the current state of the topic, research importance, recent findings, gaps in the study, recent debates, and future research directions.

Evaluation the research papers and write summary:
1. Summaries the current state of the topic.
2. What is the importance of research?
3. Highlight Recent findings and advances
4. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
5. Highlight Recent debates
6. Highlight way where research might go next
Control of Legionella and other pathogenic genera
The current state of topic is Efficient cooling tower operation at alkaline pH for the
control of
Legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic genera. The research is important to
conduct as it helps in finding out method that could be used to make industry for
environmental friendly. The study has find out, that gaprevealed that L. pneumophila can
survive and grow
at pH 9.4 despite the lower concentration than at pH 9.0. The gaps in study is lack of
data available on pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, it is find out that Increased
pH leads to a strong bacterial community shift with
lower pathogenicity (Efficient cooling tower operation at alkaline pH for the control of
Legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic genera, 2021). The debate is Evaporative
cooling towers lead in growth of Legionella pneumophila that cause headache and
Muscle aches. Hence, further research will lead on development as well as composition
of biofilm devel
in terms of bacterial and eukaryotic communities at alkaline pH.
Evaluation the research papers and write summary:
1. Summaries the current state of the topic.
2. What is the importance of research?
3. Highlight Recent findings and advances
4. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
5. Highlight Recent debates
6. Highlight way where research might go next

Legionella risk in evaporative cooling systems
The topic is related to Legionella risk in evaporative cooling systems that lead in causing
breach in health and safety compliance. Research is important as Evaporative cooling
systems that are used in industrial process lead in dissipate excessive heat which lead in
contamination by Legionella or increase in number of Legionella bacteria. The study has
helped in finding number of sites that are compliance with statutory requirement for
Legionella control. Likewise at 625 sites the legislation has been breach due to
cleanliness of cooling towers and lack of training provided to the employees. The gap in
study is that it rely on the data provided by large number of health and safety inspectors,
hence submit the final report (Legionella risk in evaporative cooling systems and
underlying causes of
associated breaches in health and safety compliance, 2020). The debate was whether the
evaporative cooling systems lead in increasing Legionella risk that is associated with
breaching of health and safety compliance. Future direction is that research will be revise
as per the HSE guideline through providing additional information, assisting duty holder
in achieving the compliance area in which common failing become apparent.
Evaluation the research papers and write summary:
7. Summaries the current state of the topic.
8. What is the importance of research?
9. Highlight Recent findings and advances
10. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
11. Highlight Recent debates
12. Highlight way where research might go next
Legionnaires’ Disease in an industrial
The topic is outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease in an industrial town in Portugal. The
number of Legionnaires’ Disease are increasing and having adverse impact on people
with weak immune systems, intake tobacco and chronic lung disease are most at risk.
The study has helped in finding that there are 43 cases out of which 14 patient died. And
become ill between 14 october to 2 december. Moreover, the people living in south west
are at more risk. Gap is that it have only find out the number of Legionnaires’ Disease

outbreak in industrial town in Portugal not its impact on people (A large outbreak of
Legionnaires’ Disease in an industrial town in Portugal, 2016). Recent debates is what is
number of Legionnaires’ Disease increased in industries of Town in Portugal. Hence,
future research might go on strategies or intervention that could be used to reduce
Legionnaires’ Diseases in Portugal.
Evaluation the research papers and write summary:
7. Summaries the current state of the topic.
8. What is the importance of research?
9. Highlight Recent findings and advances
10. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
11. Highlight Recent debates
12. Highlight way where research might go next
Presence of plastic additives in sea turtles
The topic is plastic additives in loggerhead sea
turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea as marine litter. The research is
importance to study because in recent scenario the sea is dominated by plastic debris that
is global threat for coastal communities, marine widlife and maritime activities. It was
find out that OPEs were detected in all the samples, with levels ranging from 6.18
to 100 ng/g ww. In Balearic
Islands, the level of turtles is higher and OPE profile is not different regionally (First
study on the presence of plastic additives in loggerhead sea
turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea, 2021). Gap is OPE
biomagnification are limited thus does not provide clear detail whether pollutants
undergo the biomagnification process along trophic chain or not. Further study must be
made on impact of
OPEs in sea turtles, its potential toxicological effects on sea and their relationship with
marine plastic debris.
Evaluation the research papers and write summary:

13. Summaries the current state of the topic.
14. What is the importance of research?
15. Highlight Recent findings and advances
16. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
17. Highlight Recent debates
18. Highlight way where research might go next
Soil irrigated by wastewater and tube well water
With evolution of urbanisation and industrialisation has lead in numerous changes
within the environment. Study is important because there has been sudden increase in
Heavy metals pollution of soil in environment due to vehicle emission, irrigation with
untreated municipal and many other activities. It was find out that the concentration of
metal was more in soil and vegetable irrigated by waste water as compared vegetable and
sol irritated through tube well (A comparative study of metals concentration in
agricultural soil and
vegetables irrigated by wastewater and tube well water, 2020). The gap is that the study
is quantitative so it have limited information related to topic. Debate is that whether
heavy metal is more generated through waste water or tube well irrigated sites. Research
might go next to analysis the overall mental release through different activities of the
organisation.
Evaluation the research papers and write summary:
13. Summaries the current state of the topic.
14. What is the importance of research?
15. Highlight Recent findings and advances
16. Highlight noteworthy gaps in the study
17. Highlight Recent debates
18. Highlight way where research might go next
Wastewater impact biofilm microbial community

The topic is Waste water impact biofilm microbial community in receiving stream.
Research is significant as in stream ecosystems the microbial biofilm results in
influencing food web interactions, primary production and quality of water. It has help
in finding ecological impact of the current waste-
water treatment practices and potential new marker organisms to assess ecological
change in stream biofilms. The gap in the study is that it has not focus on strategies that
could be used to reduce the impact of biofilm microbial community (Wastewater
constituents impact biofilm microbial community in
receiving streams, 2021). The topic of debate is that whether the biofilm communities
respond to anthropogenic impacts that is wastewater treatment plant or not. The research
might go next in understanding the strategies that could be used by people to decrease
impact of Waste water impact biofilm microbial community.
REFERENCES
A comparative study of metals concentration in agricultural soil and
vegetables irrigated by wastewater and tube well water, 2020, [Online]. Available. Through
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364720300331>.
Efficient cooling tower operation at alkaline pH for the control of
Legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic genera, 2021. [Online]. Available.Through
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135421002451#:~:text=Th
ereafter%203%20alkaline%20pHs%20of,%3A%209.0%2C%209.4%20and
%209.6.&text=High%2DpH%20conditioning
%20%E2%89%A5%209.6,pneumophila>.
Wastewater constituents impact biofilm microbial community in
receiving streams, 2021, [Online]. Available.
Through:<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721061581#:~
:text=The%20mixture%20of%20micropollutants%20and,Corcoll%20et%20al.%2C
%202014%3B>.
First study on the presence of plastic additives in loggerhead sea
turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea, 2021, [Online]. Available.
Through:<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749121006904#:~
:text=First%20evidence%20of%20the%20presence%20of%20organophosphate
%20esters%20in%20loggerhead%20turtle%20muscle.&text=Organophosphate
%20esters%20were%20detected%20also,major%20prey%20of%20loggerhead
%20turtles.&text=T>.
Legionella risk in evaporative cooling systems and underlying causes of

associated breaches in health and safety compliance, 2020, [Online]. Available.
Through:<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463919308934#:~
:text=Legionella%20bacteria%20can%20colonise%20and,the%20generally
%20milder%20Pontiac%20fever.>.
A large outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease in an industrial town in Portugal, 2016. [Online].
Available. Through:
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870902516300323#:~:text=On
%207%20November%202014%2C%20the,of%20the%20capital%20city
%20Lisbon.>.