Risk Assessment Report: Environmental Safety and Hazard Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive risk assessment of environmental hazards. It begins with an introduction discussing public concerns regarding safety and environmental impact, particularly in areas like oil/gas pipelines and explosive substances. The report defines risk assessment and explores various methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, and dynamic approaches. It delves into hazard identification, categorizing them into operational, environmental, and human hazards. The report also covers assessing and prioritizing risks, analyzing their consequences, and implementing control measures. The analysis includes both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment techniques, with a focus on environmental factors like industrial waste and vehicle pollution. The report also touches upon HAZOP analysis and the assessment of environmental, fire/explosion, and other operational hazards. This detailed analysis helps in understanding the impact of risks and developing strategies for mitigation and management. The report concludes with a discussion on controlling measures and risk transfer strategies.

Running Head: Risk Assessment Report
Risk Assessment Report

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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Risk Asse ssment Definition....................................................................................................................3
Risk Assessment Methodology....................................................................................................................3
Quantitative Risk assessment...............................................................................................................4
Qualitative Risk Assessment...............................................................................................................4
Dynamic Risk assessment....................................................................................................................4
Identification of hazards..............................................................................................................................6
Operational Hazards....................................................................................................................................8
Assess and Prioritise Risk............................................................................................................................9
Consequences of Risk analysis..............................................................................................................12
Control measures of risk............................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................16
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................17
References.................................................................................................................................................21

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Introduction
It has been observed that public concerns have been moved towards the safety and reliability
including the Piper Alpha Accident. Environment is affected through almost all regions such as
oil/gas pipelines, explosive substances, etc. These are the main concerns through which
environment is getting affected and these factors lead to the economic losses as well as loss of
environmental resources. As per the scenario and as per the previous assessment, this report will
include the risk assessment technique in relation with the hazardous factors available in the
environment. Moreover, identification process in relevance with the risk factors will also be
covered under the above section. Additionally, all the risk factors will be ranked on the basis of
their severity as well as they will be segregated on the affecting basis. The major factors for
pollution are industrial waste, they dispose their waste in sea, land and in the air too hence; this is
the major factor of risk in relation to the safety of the environment. Apart from the industrial
waste, another risk factor which leads to the safety of the environment is vehicles’ pollution.
Risks are segregated into two portions i.e. qualitative risk and the quantitative risk. Risk
assessment process of the environment includes the evaluation of risk in accordance with the
assumptions and the certainties present in the environment. There are certain measures are also
available in relation to the treatment of the risks i.e. acceptance of risk, negligence of risk and the
transformation of risk. Negligence is the first stage where risk and its affectability are neglected
as those factors do not impact the business environment much. While acceptance of risk creates
the situation under which controlling measures are not able to reduce the risk affectability. The
last stage is the transfer of risk and under this process; the risk is being transferred to the third
person to pay for it.

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Risk Assessment Definition
Appropriate measures adopted in order to maintain the distance between the risk and its impact.
After evaluating the distance, an adequate set of scenarios are imagined and as per the result,
most suitable method needs to be adopted in relevance with controlling or reducing the impact of
the risk. Risk management process also includes the process of analysis of the consequences and
this part will be discussed below. Under the risk management, appropriate and effective risk
controlling methods are adopted and developed as per the conditions of the environment. Safety
methods are also included under risk management because till the time, safety measures will not
be included in the risk management process; management of all the available factors is quite
difficult (Blackman, 2016).
Along with the identification of the hazards, risk assessment procedures, adequate risk
controlling measures, all the relevant scenarios are measured in order to evaluate the risk
consequences of the risk factors. As a result, individual risk, societal risk will be evaluated and
they will be matched up with the criteria developed and this analysis will be performed well
through qualitative risk analysis (Busch, et. al., 2012).
Risk Assessment Methodology
There are a number of methods are available in order to examine the risk factors. Under the term
quantitative risk analysis, four methods are present such as hazard identification, probability
calculation, consequence assessment and the risk quantification. Risk could be assumed from the
previous researches or from the historical data available in the market. Statistical data, through
advanced technologies, and through the traditional risk assessment methods are some of the

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measures through which risk could be assessed and could be removed from the environment
(Baker, Bouchlaghem & Emmitt, 2013).
Quantitative Risk assessment
Under quantitative risk assessment, adverse effects of risk factors are determined in monetary
terms or in calculable terms. Threat occurred from the risk factors are also evaluated under this
report. For instance, in bomb explosion, a number of people killed and injured could be
calculated in figures and compensation value would also be in the calculable terms. Apart from
the quantitative risk assessment, qualitative risk assessment is not practiced. Qualitative risk
factors have the greater impact over the society in relation with the quantitative type of risk
factors. Qualitative type of risk includes the impact of the certain risk on the society and on those
people who have lost their loved ones. Hence, impact over the feelings and the emotions cannot
be evaluated (Dwan & Pavliuk, 2015).
Qualitative Risk Assessment
 It helps in identification of all types of hazards;
 Huge number of consequences whereas small set of scenarios are available;
 Likelihood of the scenarios;
 Evaluation of the scenarios available;
 Appropriate measures are determined in order to control the risk impact.
Dynamic Risk assessment
Dynamic risk assessment includes those factors which occur without any notice and their
prediction is also next to impossible. Despite being the advanced technologies, certain risks
occurs whose impact could be reduced but it cannot be ignored, neglected and nor it could be

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transferred. These are the emergencies and in these types of situations, the immediate authority
needs to take actions without any backup. In the changing conditions of the environment, this is
the final stage of risk assessment in relation with the integrated safety management. Controlling
measures could be developed in relation with these types of risks through historical data and
through the past experience, adequate measures such as training could be provided in order to
neglect the impact of the risk in the future (Greenaway, 2016).

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Identification of hazards
There are a number of workplace hazards are available in the business environment and along
with the workplace hazards, there are other risk factors are also present which requires risk
assessment and the identification of hazards (Gu, et. al., 2012). Following are the number of
hazards which are common in almost all fields:
 Physical Hazards: Risks’ impact could be noticed in any field of the environment. Due
to impact of risk, numerous lives could be affected and physical hazard is one of the great
main components of identification of hazards due to impact of risk. For instance,
environmental risk occurs and due to this, various people got affected physically.
Environmental risk may result in the physical impact such as allergic infections, certain
types of diseases, etc. Environmental risk affects the people’s life physically as well as
mentally. In order to examine the hazard through these risks, various methods and
devices are developed. Through these devices, certain number of risk factors could be
evaluated as well as measured as per their severity (Hardison, et. al., 2014).
 Environmental Hazards: These are the factors through which life of the society and the
people could be affected a lot. Numerous methods till the time have been adopted in
order to secure the human life from natural calamities but not much benefit has been
gained yet. Natural calamities affect a lot to the society. For instance, Tsunami,
earthquake, flood are the big disastrous situation which occurs lot of risk factors. These
incidents affect the practical life of people in present and in the future too. After flood, lot
of areas are filled with water and in those conditions, survival is quite a difficult task for
the humans (Palanivel, Saravanavel & Gunasekaran, 2015).

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 Human Hazards: Machines invented by the human in order to ease the work generate
excessive pollution which affects the environment and disastrous situation occurs.
Disposing wastages by industries in the sea water, in land as well as the pollution
generated from the vehicles and the factories also affect the environmental conditions lot.
Apart from these, numerous types of hazards are available in the society which also affects the
workplace of the organizations. These hazardous situations need to be controlled in order to
maintain the balance between the environmental conditions as well as smooth living. Excessive
utilization of environmental resources will lead to lack of those resources and these will affect
the human life ultimately. Hence, environmental hazards are ranked one as they cannot be
controlled but those calamities could be delayed through utilising them adequately. Physical and
human hazards are ranked two and three respectively (Panduro & Veie, 2013).
Apart from the identification of the hazardous factors of risk factors available in the workplace
of the organization as well as in the society, HAZOP method could be used to perform the
particular task:
 HAZOP Analysis: Through this analysis, appropriate measures could be identified in
relation with the hazard and its effects. This is the analysis which could be performed in
order to evaluate the hazardous factors available in the organizational environment. This
also helps in identifying the operability issues within the workplace. Unexpected and the
uninvited hazards could be ignored through this analysis which arises due to lack of
information, changes in the conditions, unavailability of certain products, etc. (Scholz, et.
al., 2013).

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Operational Hazards
The issues which a worker or an employee faces while performing its duties within the
workplace in relation with the environmental issues, fire issues and the explosion issues. With
the effect of these issues, organization and its employees may face health related issues due to
non-adaptation of adequate control measures. Following are some of the operations hazards:
Environmental Hazards: Earthquake, flood, tsunami, etc. are included in environmental
hazards and their impact over the performance of the organization will be high in relevance with
the severity of the hazards. These all are included in the natural calamity.
Fire and explosion hazards: Apart from the environmental factors, fire and explosion hazards
have greater impact over the performance of the organization while comparing with the
environmental hazards. Poor instructions following, lack of planning, failure in adopting
instructions, defective equipment, etc. are the major sources through which organization and its
employees faces these types of hazards. These may occur due to above mentioned reasons and
apart from these, short-circuit is also a big reason for occurrence of fire and explosion hazards.
Apart from these, lifting heavy equipment without appropriate instructions, compressed gas
cylinders, etc. leads to the injuries to the employees of the organization. And this may lead to the
performance of the organization. Due to these hazards and uncertainties, organizational
employees may get injured and this will lead to the disturbance in achievement in the
organizational goals and the objectives.

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Assess and Prioritise Risk
Evaluation of the risk probability is quite difficult task because assuming the exact figure of
certain risk factor is 1/n i.e. next to impossible. Through certain analysis, its severity can be
recorded but controlling the risk is improbable. Consequences of the risk could be analysed with
qualitative risk assessment and this procedure is quite instant and easy. Through this, adequate
and reliable decision could be analysed and only positive and negative results will be obtained
from this analysis of consequences. These are some of the advantage in relation with the
evaluation of consequences of risk through qualitative risk assessment. Apart from the
advantages, there are numerous disadvantages are present in the same process such as selection
of exact scenario is quite difficult, the decision provided with the analysis may be wrong and it
may create negative situation. For evaluating exact results, worst-cases are used but this may
result in the conservative outcomes and then safety management process needs to be practiced in
order to neglect the outcome generated through this procedure (Part, 2013).
Below are certain risks, their likelihood, and their impact:
 Environmental Risks: With the increase in the population, risk factors are increasing.
Environmental risk factors involve reduction in the natural resources, excessive usage of
those resources, etc. Apart from the utilisation of available natural resources, cutting trees
for developing societies, for developing the furniture, etc. are the most unethical practises
followed by the human and this is increasing the risk factors hence; chances of deaths,
diseases and another impact over environmental conditions could be assessed (Paul,
Peterson & Chavdarian, 2014).

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There are number of human efforts are available through which environmental conditions
are affected. Hazardous pollution emission from the industries, chemical wastes,
pollution from the vehicles, disposing of solid waste in the rivers, sea, etc. are unethical
practices followed by human which has led to the increase in the risks factors.
Occurrence of environmental risk arises often in comparison with the occurrence of the
fire explosion risks (Paustenbach, 2015).
 Fire Explosion: Number of fire explosion incidents is noticed in these days. The
government has also initiated various camps in relation to spreading awareness regarding
the use of flammable substances and the cautions which need to be adopted to save these
accidents. Small spark of fire can take the hazardous fire in seconds. Hence; especially
for the business organizations, they need to adopt some safety measures in order to
protect their business from these factors. Adaptation of fire extinguisher is the major
safety measure which needs to be adopted by the business organisations in order to avoid
and reduce the impact of the fire explosion.
For instance, due to short circuit in the wire within the organizational premises, whole
organization may get turn into a flammable substance and owner of the organization
needs to face loss situations (Peltier, 2013).
This kind of risk can be controlled through adopting number of safety measures available
in the market whereas impact of these risks could also be transferred to recover the losses
beard by the organizational owner. This is the insurance policy; taking insurance helps
the organization to recover the loss occurred due to theft, fire, etc. and this procedure is
known as transfer of risk (Smith, 2013).

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Risk Matrix
Activity Likelihood Severity
Fire Explosion Once in a year or twice in a
year
Environmental risks Unexpected
Above table shows the occurrence of the risk as well as the severity of risk. Whereas fire
explosion risks occur with the human fault and it has low severity because loss could be
recovered from the third party while environmental risks cannot be overruled on the third party.
Loss occurred due to natural calamity will be beard by the owner only. Hence, it has a great
severity and that is why it is in red colour (Sousa, Almeida & Dias, 2014).