Effective Management of Common Resources Via State Collaboration

This essay investigates the crucial role of cooperation between states in effectively managing common environmental resources. It addresses the increasing environmental challenges faced by nations, such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution, highlighting the necessity of international collaboration. The essay examines various case studies, including the management of oceans, seas, and shared territories, illustrating how conflicts and disputes can arise in the absence of cooperation. It explores examples like the Mediterranean Sea, the Horn of Africa, and Central Asia to demonstrate both the challenges and successes of state collaboration. The essay emphasizes the importance of international legal frameworks, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in defining rights and responsibilities for managing shared resources. It concludes that effective cooperation, negotiation, and the establishment of governance regimes are essential for minimizing threats and ensuring the sustainable preservation of common resources for future generations.

COMMON RESOURCES ARE BEST
MANAGED THROUGH COOPERATION
BETWEEN STATES

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Environmental issues are increasing in nations with the rapid speed. People are
influenced by changing climate conditions, high consumption of natural resources to great extent
(Tietenberg and Lewis, 2016). Now it has become essential to preserve natural resources in order
to protect environment. These resources are such as water, ocean, seas etc. Current study will
evaluate the view that common resources are best managed through corporation between states.
MAIN BODY
Environmental conditions have been changed to great extent. In the recent time
hazardous activities are increasing with the rapid speed. Changes in climate situation, shortage of
waters, pollutions problems are most common issues. In the mid of 17th century John Evelyn has
given their views on increasing air pollution problems (Deresky, 2017). Thus, developing nations
are facing problems of disease, overpopulations, political conflicts etc. If these natural resources
are not being managed properly then it may create more difficulty for society and population.
These environmental issues have driven growth of environment engagement among states within
international organizations (Welford, 2016).
With the explosive growth of cities, consumption of natural resources have enhanced to
great extent. This has lead to shortage of natural resources. Increasing industrialisation has
enhanced noise and dust. Morris has given view of utoption society. His book explains
aesthetics, idea of nature and socialism. Individual has focused on prominent thinking in which
he has argued on preservation of old buildings. Individual has explained the practical example
where combined contribution of National trust of UK and Royal society has supported in
developing the ideas of protection of birds (Epstein and Buhovac, 2014). This management and
corporation of two units have supported in setting up birds protection areas.
History of Western world's relationship with its environment reflects that degradation of
environment is occurring with the rapid speed. It is essential that two states work together and
manage resources well. This can support in preservation natural resources significantly. In the
20th century increasing population rate, consumption rates have created situation to manage
resources well (Loucks and Van Beek, 2017). In the absence of this management, environmental
pollution was increasing thus, authorities have paid their attention on making changes in
environment for keeping save to resources.
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Environmental resource management now has become the major concern for government
of nation. International political boundaries have given their corporations to other countries in
order to protect common resources. Sea, Oceans are most common resources. These resources
help in making connection between two international borders. Changing political conditions are
creating big problems in this corporation of two states. Mediterranean sea is the great example in
this respect (Flower, 2015.). The state is surrounded by Mediterranean sea. In this, conflicts can
arise over maritime access. This is the most common dispute between UK and Spain. In order to
resolve this conflict situation foreign office of UK has take action of Summoning. Now Spanish
government gives immediate respond to British ambassador. But when UK ceded territory of
Gibraltar then it was not considered as relevant. Later on it was decided by both countries that
sea needs to be regulated. Collaboration of two sates can create conflict situations thus, common
resources can not be managed with this collaboration (Naranjo, Ellsworth and Frisvold, 2015). It
can just create disputes.
It is identified that common resources are in danger. If these crises are not be resolved
soon then it may create big complications for entire world. After that state ad international
communities of state start working together. For example when pollution was increasing then
government has decided that this issue will be dealt by government of such state under this
jurisdiction it is falling. Government of particular state can make effective laws and regulations
to control over pollutions so that oil, gas etc (Kevin Carson, 2013). natural resources can be
preserved and saved for longer durations. These authorities can impose taxes over use of these
common resources. In the condition when common resources do not fall under anyone
jurisdiction at that time government of nation can act as state and can take action on behalf of
entire country.
Law of Sea by United Nations Convention is the great example of management of
common resources by corporation of two states. In this respect UNCLOS has released an
international legal framework in which state territorial waters have been defined. UNCLOS has
differentiated zones where sea can be common with no sovereignty rights. Common resources
many times creates security and political issues. Restriction to sea and airspace had become the
political concern for two states and regions (Tietenberg and Lewis, 20160. For example African
state has banned Apartheid South Africa in 1960 until 1990. It was the biggest example of
corporation of two states in managing common resources. It was the complicated situation
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because it was creates economy and security threats for the South Africa. In order to minimize
issues and manage common resources government of South Africa has made contact with US
allies and have negotiated to adapt Boeing 747 aircraft (Epstein and Buhovac, 2014). This was
because flying to long distance over the Atlantic. After that negotiation South African airways
get permission from Portugal to developed a runway on colony of Portuguese in Atlantic. This
corporation between two states have worked well and supported in minimizing conflicts situation
and developing economy position of both these states.
Horn of Africa is another example of corporation. It is surrounded by ocean and there are
many commercial shipping routes that serves to middle East, Asia, Europe. In the year of 1991
one Somalian civil war occurred where criminals have attacked and hijacked shipping off the
Somalian Coast. This incident has created huge pressure on government of the nation that to
minimize this threat and protect shipping (Kevin Carson, 2013). In order to response on this case
Coalition 150 force were created by coalition of 25 nations. After that European Union navel
vessels is being deployed. Thus, it shows that management of common resources can be done by
negotiation held between two states sand framing governance regimes. By framing new rules and
regulations threats on these common resources can be minimized to great extent and
management can be done effectively. UNCLOS is the great example of it. If two states do not get
agreed on common ideas then it may create exploitation of common resources (Flower, 2015).
Another example of collaboration of two states in management of common resources are
of Central Asia. Central Asia was growing for its cotton industry. Water was essential for this
states and for Uzbekistan as well. But at the time 1991 Aral Sea had shrunk to half this has
created may troubles for both nation's borders. Due to this health issues were increasing in the
area. Toxic chemicals were harming population of this area. But these resources have become
point of negotiation for both these countries (Tietenberg and Lewis, 2016). This has developed
relationship between two of them. Earlier Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were considered as poorest
areas but now enough water is and by both these countries and due to this agriculture and cotton
industries have grown well. By this way hydro power has been developed. Thus, it can be said
that common resources are best managed through corporation between states (Deresky, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be articulated that common resources are used by many
nations, areas. These resources are shared by several local, national and international borders.
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Corporation of sharing state can help in minimizing threats and preserving these resources for
longer duration.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Deresky, H., 2017. International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson
Education India.
Epstein, M. J. and Buhovac, A. R., 2014. Making sustainability work: Best practices in
managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-
Koehler Publishers.
Flower, J., 2015. The international integrated reporting council: a story of failure. Critical
Perspectives on Accounting. 27. pp.1-17.
Loucks, D. P. and Van Beek, E., 2017. Water resource systems planning and management: An
introduction to methods, models, and applications. Springer.
Naranjo, S. E., Ellsworth, P. C. and Frisvold, G. B., 2015. Economic value of biological control
in integrated pest management of managed plant systems. Annual review of entomology.
60.
Tietenberg, T. H. and Lewis, L., 2016. Environmental and natural resource economics.
Routledge.
Welford, R., 2016. Corporate Environmental Management 2: Culture and Organization.
Routledge.
Online
Kevin Carson, 2013. Governing the commons by elinor ostrom: review. [Online]. Available
through <http://www.resilience.org/stories/2013-11-01/governing-the-commons-by-elinor-
ostrom-review/>
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