Critical Evaluation of Mental Health Nursing and Suicide Epidemiology

This report critically evaluates the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide within communities. It begins with an introduction outlining the significance of the topic and defining key terms such as epidemiology, mental health, substance abuse, violence, suicide, and community. The report then delves into a literature review exploring the mental health nursing epidemiology, the causes of mental health problems related to suicide, and the challenges faced by communities. The literature review synthesizes research on the epidemiology of suicide, highlighting factors such as depression, substance abuse, and socio-economic disadvantages. The report also examines the challenges communities face, including stigma, data quality issues, and access to mental health services. Finally, it offers recommendations for practice, emphasizing the importance of reducing access to means of suicide, implementing school-based interventions, and fostering collaboration across multiple sectors to prevent suicide. The report aims to provide healthcare practitioners with the knowledge needed to improve outcomes for individuals struggling with mental health issues, substance abuse, and violence.

Mental health nursing Epidemiology of
suicide substance abuse violence in
communities

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic: “To critically evaluate the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide communities.”.1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background.................................................................................................................................1
Aim and objectives......................................................................................................................1
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC..................................................................................................2
DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................................2
Population of focus..........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE....................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

Topic: “To critically evaluate the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide
communities.”
INTRODUCTION
Background
The mental health nursing is significant in providing the best possible nursing care and
medical support to resolve the relevant issues (Wasserman, (2016)). Mental health nurses is
significant in supporting people with the issues which ranges from depression, anxiety, eating
disorders and addiction to drugs or alcohol, suicidal thoughts, etc. (O'Neill & O'Connor, (2020)).
This study will critically evaluate the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide in
communities. Furthermore it also helps in finding out the key relevant outcomes linked with the
appropriate recommendation and intervention strategies.
Aim and objectives
Aim
“To critically evaluate the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide in
communities.”
Objectives
 To reflect on the mental health nursing epidemiology of suicide.
 To develop understanding on cause of the mental health problems related with the suicide
in communities.
 To examine the key challenges faced by the communities of suicide.
 To evaluate the appropriate nursing intervention and recommendation to improve mental
health problems among communities of suicide.
Questions
 What do you understand by the cause of mental health problems related with the suicide
in communities?
 What are the mental health nursing epidemiology?
 What are the key challenges faced by the communities of suicide?
 What are appropriate nursing intervention and recommendation to improve mental health
problems among communities of suicide?
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC
This research study is highly significant because it is has the wide subject base and helps the
care practitioners in taking relevant set of action to improve the results and outcomes. This study
is going to be highly beneficial for the researcher for investigating on the same topic and gain
wider degree of knowledge (Corona-Miranda & et.al. (2016)). Moreover, this specific piece of
study is prominent for the health care practitioners and nurses in order to provide the best
possible treatment to the customers who belong to the communities of suicide, substance abuse
and violence (Mezuk, Lohman, Leslie, & Powell, (2015)). This study is highly significant in
understanding the appropriate nursing intervention and recommendation to improve mental
health problems among communities of suicide, substance abuse and violence and will be highly
beneficial for the health department and hospitals in order to treat people.
DEFINITIONS
Epidemiology: It is mainly referred to as the study of the determinants in respect to the health
related events on a specific set of populations (Donath & et.al. (2019)). It works on determining
the main causes that lead to the mental illness or disorder in the society. It helps in dealing with
the specific incidence and have possible control related with the health.
Mental health: It is considered to be as the emotional, behavioural and cognitive well- being of
the individual person. It is useful in coping up with the normal stress of life (Wilson, Hutchinson
and Hurley, 2017).
Mental health nursing: It is substantial in providing the best possible nursing care and medical
support to resolve the relevant issues with the health of individual (Zarenezhad & et.al. (2015)).
Substance abuse: This is considered to be as the hazardous use of the psycho- active substance
like the illicit drugs, cigarettes, solvent and alcohol which can cause harm to the individual
person (Ritter, Chalmers and Gomez, 2019).
Violence: This is a behaviour which tends to effectively involve the physical force which
eventually leads to the damage, kill someone or hurt to the individual person. This is the
destructive physical force which affects the individual person (Hegney and et.al., 2006).
Suicide: This is referred to as the end of life of the people in order to escape the suffering and
pain (Pourmand & et.al. (2019)).
Community: This comprise of the group of people who belongs to the same place or tends to
have common particular set of characteristics (Vaughan and et.al., 2016).
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Population of focus
As per the data provided, in the year 2015, about 1 in every 13 within the age group of 12-17
years have considered doing suicide which is equivalent to nearly 128,000 young people who
within the age group of 12-17 years (DeVylder, Lukens, Link, & Lieberman, (2015)). 41000
people in this age group has actually attempted suicide and has received medical treatment. The
suicidal behaviour is most common among the females in the age group of 16-17 years than the
males. Approximately around 1 in 7 females of this age have considered suicide and 1 in 20 has
attempted it (Zubrick and et.al, 2016). The rate of suicide is higher the age group between 12 to
17 years and the major cause of it is depression disorder. The mental disorder this age group has
resulted into depression which turned out to be the case of the suicide and other issues among the
people which caused them to harm themselves. The self harm or mental disorder is increasing in
Australia which is its major problem.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1: To reflect on the mental health nursing epidemiology
As defined by the Lawrence and et.al (2016), epidemiology is mainly referring to the study of
the determinants in respect to the health related events on a specific set of populations. It works
on determining the main causes that lead to the mental illness or disorder in the society. The
mental health issues has lead to the increasing causes of the disability among the people mostly
in the age group of 15 to 44 and other than this there is other causes for the mental disorder. The
psychological indicators of such distress also include lower self-esteem, fatigue, lack of sleep
and so forth which has resulted into increase in depression among the people which has caused
various mental issues among the people. Depression and anxiety have a huge role to play, in the
continuous mental disorder. It becomes very essential to conduct investigation on the depression
and stress level of the nurses and determining the predictors for the existing mental state which is
very relevant for the future medical and health system with respect to providing the more safer
workplace along with ensuring the well being of the employees. According to Rikkers and et.al
(2016), it is very imperative to consider it from just one aspect as it is very crucial to know the
impact of it on the lives of the people. There are many different instruments which can be used
for the purpose of assessing the mental disorder which is depended upon the age of the
participants and further other considerations. The number of cases in respect to the mental
disorder has been increasing among the younger generation in both male and female which has
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become problem all across the world. But the government has implemented certain prevention
strategies or measures to reducing the suicide attempts or the other abuse which has been caused
by mental illness among the people.
Theme 2: To develop understanding on the cause of mental health problems related with the
suicide in communities.
Etzersdorfer & et.al. (2015) examined the fact that, mental health is considered to be as the
behavioural, cognitive and the emotional well- being of the individual person. The mental health
is considered to be as the absence of the mental disorders. Approximately 1 million people tends
to die because of suicide every year. It has been examined that, the global range of the suicide
fatalities in turn is mainly rise to the 1.5 million by the year 2020. Zarenezhad & et.al. (2015)
stated that, the suicide tends to rank as one of the key leading cause of the death which is mainly
linked between the age group of 15 years to 44 years. The incidence of suicide tends to depend
upon the wide range of factors which mainly includes depression and other psychotic disorders.
Moreover, severe physical disease, personal problem, violence, and substance abuse are also
considered to be as the key relevant cause of the suicide among the individual people.
Subsequently, Zhao & et.al. (2015) argued that, the difference within the gender difference is
considered to be highly prominent cause associated with the suicide. The suicide fatality rate is
higher when compared with that of women. The suicidal attempt rates is more among women
with the suicidal intention and self-harm. Race and the sexual orientation is considered to be
another significant cause linked with the suicide. Salway & et.al. (2020) examined the fact that,
Bisexuals, gays and lesbians also likely to attempt suicide because of the non- acceptance by the
society. Religion is also another major factor which results in increasing the risk of suicide
among the individual. There are other set of relevant social factors like poverty, divorce,
urbanities, impoverish, unemployment, loneliness, violence, etc. which are more likely to
increase the risk of suicide rates at the global level.
As per the viewpoints of Laido & et.al. (2017) it has been evaluated that, the mental disorders
can highly affect the relationship, daily living and physical health of the individual person. In
relation with the epidemiology study, there seems to be as significant level of relationship
between the socio economic disadvantage and the suicidal behaviours. As per the viewpoints of
Dilillo & et.al. (2015) it has been evaluated that, the socio -economic disadvantage mainly
comprise of the poverty, homelessness, low level of education, economic dependence, justice
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system, unemployment, etc. which eventually results in high risk of increasing level of suicidal
rates.
Theme 3: To examine the key challenges faced by the communities of suicide.
Bachmann, (2018) examined the fact that, suicide is considered to be as a worldwide
phenomenon. As per the World health organization report, the person tends to kill themselves
deliberately every 40 seconds. Bridge & et.al. (2015) examined the fact that, suicide is one of the
2nd leading cause of the premature mortality within the age group of 15 years to 29 years and it
ranks on 3rd number for the age group of 15 to 44 years. The age is one of the key major factor
which results in the high rate of suicide attempts. Subsequently, Thompson & Swartout, (2018)
argued that, 79% of the global suicide tends to occur among the middle level and low income
group of people. Hanging, use of fire arms and ingestion of the pesticides are considered to be as
the most significant method of the suicide at a global level. As per the viewpoints of Malakouti
& et.al. (2015) it has been evaluated that, the stigma to take their own life is one of the mental
disorder and the people are not getting the kind of help and treatment they need is one of the key
challenge which has been faced by the people. Ajdacic-Gross, (2015) stated that, the quality of
the data on the suicide is considered to be poor. This eventually impose greater set of suicidal
attempts. The misclassification and the greater problems of the suicide are considered to be as
the key prominent cause of the suicide which eventually results in the death of the person.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE
In order to control the high risk of suicide it is considered to be highly important to effectively
reduce the access to the relevant means of suicide which mainly includes specific drug,
pesticides and fire arms (Cha & et.al. (2018)). School based intervention is another key
significant and relevant measure which is useful in the prevention of the suicide or the suicide
attempts. Suicide is referred to as a complex issue and however the efforts required for the
prevention of suicide requires collaboration and coordination among the various multiple sectors
of the society which mainly includes the health sector and various other sectors like agriculture,
business, education, labour, defence, justice, law, politics and media (Orsolini & et.al. (2016)). It
has been recommended that, the early treatment and care must be provided to the people who has
been mental disorders and the substance use disorders (Epidemiology of Suicide and the
Psychiatric Perspective, 2018). Moreover, early identification of the people who has been
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suffering from the acute and chronic pain and also the emotional distress must be provided with
the early treatment and care to reduce the increasing suicidal rates worldwide (Khadem Rezaiyan
& et.al. (2017)). It has been recommended that, appropriate follow up care must be given to the
individuals who has carried out suicide attempts with the appropriate level of the community
support. Training given to the non- specialized health workers for the effective degree of
management and appropriate assessment of the suicidal behaviour. The government and the
other health communities must significantly focus on introducing the appropriate set of policies,
programmes and intervention practice which is useful in reducing the risk of increasing rate of
suicide across the globe (Sinyor, Tse & Pirkis, (2017)). Reporting by the media in a responsible
manner is considered to be highly significant which is useful in the prevention of the suicide
attempts by the individual person. Raising the community awareness and also breaking down the
stigma and taboo is one of the key significant way which helps in preventing and controlling the
suicide. Improved monitoring and the surveillance is considered to be useful for the appropriate
suicide prevention strategies (Pompili & et.al. (2015)). It is important to give appropriate set of
knowledge and complete understanding related with the subject matter. The nationally
representative survey is useful in the collection of information and also examine the effective
self-reported results. The link associated with the mental disorder and the suicide is considered
to be as the well-established reason within the countries because of the increasing rate of suicide.
The suicide prevention strategies is one of the key significant measure which helps in effectively
preventing and controlling the suicide attempts. Appropriate mental treatment and engagement
with the society helps in preventing and controlling the suicide.
CONCLUSION
From the study carried out it has been concluded that, mental health nurses is significant in
supporting people with the issues which ranges from eating disorders and addiction to drugs or
alcohol, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, etc. the nurses focuses on providing the best
possible treatment and resolve the key issues. Around 1 out of 13 people within the age group of
12-17 years have considered doing suicide which equals to nearly 128,000 young people who
within the age group of 12-17 years. Approximately, 1 million people tends to die because of
suicide every year. It has been summarized that, the global range of the suicide fatalities mainly
results in rise to the 1.5 million suicide cases by the year 2020. Raising the community
awareness and also breaking down the stigma and taboo is one of the key significant way which
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helps in preventing and controlling the suicide. Improved monitoring and the surveillance,
introducing the appropriate set of policies, programmes and intervention practice and training to
the non- specialized health workers helps in controlling suicide.
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