Application of Epidemiology Approach: Social, Behavioral, Biological

This report applies the epidemiology approach to analyze the causes of infectious diseases. It explores the roles of social, behavioral, and biological determinants in disease emergence, transmission, pathogenesis, and immunity. The background section defines epidemiology and highlights its importance in understanding disease causation, while the research design outlines the methodology used. The discussion of findings examines social determinants, such as socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare, and their impact on disease. It also addresses behavioral and biological determinants, including lifestyle choices and genetic predispositions. The report concludes by emphasizing the interconnectedness of these determinants and the need for public health practitioners to educate the public on disease prevention strategies. References from various sources are included to support the analysis.

APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY APPROACH
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Application Of Epidemiology Approach
TABLE OF CONTENT
Content Page Number
Back ground of the study………………………………………………………………………….3
Research design …………………………………………………………………………………..3
Research question ……………………………………………………………………………...…3
Discussion of the finding …………………………………………………………………........…3
Social determinant……………………………………………………………………………..….3
Behavioral and biological determinant………………………………………………………...….4
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………..……4
References…………………………………………………………………………………………5
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APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY APPROACH
Background of the study
The epidemiological approach is a method that is used to determine the cause of a
particular disease in a human vertebrate. Detels, (2015) defined epidemiology as the method of
studying any problem in the normal body functioning and can be used to study the transmission
of diseases to devise ways to restore the natural health of an individual. This assignment will
focus on the capability of a bug being caused by social, behavioral, or even biological. Over the
year, the health researchers have devoted most of their time trying to understand the relationship
between these three variable on their ability to cause diseases. This research will help health
practitioners in advising and creating awareness to the public using the PICO method.
Research design
There are several methods which can are in research, but for this study were going to use
traditional design. In this study am going to analyze various work that was done by multiple
researchers to help in supporting my research questions/hypothesis.
Research question
1. Using epidemiologic approach, does social determinant cause infectious disease emergence,
transmission, pathogenesis and immunity?
2. Using epidemiological approach, does behavioral and biological determinants cause
infectious disease emergence, transmission, pathogenesis and immunity?
Discussion of the findings
Social determinant
Despite many years of biomedical research on infectious diseases, the human pathogens
continue to grow increasingly resulting in the exhaustion of social resources. However, the
health researcher has come up with the social determinant approach, which is designed to study
and carry out the prevention of diseases causing microorganism (Bhopal, 2016). For instances, to
control tuberculosis in the third world country, we require not only to reinforced the TB control
program, diagnostic as well as a treatment but also some action on the social determinant of the
disease.
The social factor is mainly brought about by structural element. Katsiki et al. (2018)
define the term fundamental factor in the context of health as situations that enhance social
inequality in various social classes in society. This social inequality contributes to unequal
accesses to health care as well as uneven distribution health facilities.
The primary social determinant of tuberculosis may include high growth of the town as
well as increases in population growth. This condition contributes to unequal allocation of
appropriate resources of the primary determinant of diseases such as poor housing and barriers to
access health care facilities. According to Noppert, Kubale, & Wilson, (2016), the results on the
social determinant of the disease only found from the literature review over the years.
For instances, the literature review that was done between the year 1996-2005 indicated
that socially related diseases increased by an average of 180.3. For those people that were
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Application Of Epidemiology Approach
suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions and 81.9 was for those victims who had chronic
conditions. In the research that has been on social determinant, only 279 articles have been found
to use social epidemiology. From the results, it suggests that it is very little on social research on
infectious diseases. Therefore, there is a need for a continuous flow of communication between
contagious disease epidemiologist and social epidemiologist.
Behavioral and biological determinant
Over the past half-century, the main concern was to identify both physiological and
behavioral causes of diseases. These have resulted in the development of complex and
conceptualized analytical method intending to isolate organisms, cause diseases (Friis & Sellers,
2014). However, with the increasing technology, there are two factors biological and behavioral
that may influence health as well as disease. Also, the interaction between these two factors
always gives effective outcomes and the changes over some time show a challenge to
epidemiological model. For instance, in an epidemiological study that was recently done, it
indicates that there is a strong relationship between smoking cigarettes and lung cancer. In this
discussion, I am going to use obesity as an example to explain the behavioral and biological
determinant of disease.
In the past fifteen years, it has been an increase in cases of obesity in the United States of
America, which rose interest in research. According to Nelson & Williams, (2014) the pieces of
evidence shows that, the cause of
Obesity is contributed by several factors such as intrinsic factors which include genes as well as
those factors influencing their manifestation. The second factor is that of a person's level factor,
which consists of the type of dietary an individual usually take and amount of exercise done by
an individual. The third factor is the kind of school a person was admitted to where some school
gives its student food that contains a lot of calories.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is evident that there is a close relationship between the
social, behavioral, and biological determinant of infectious diseases. Therefore it is the
responsibilities of the health practitioner to enlighten the public on how they can shield
themselves from contracting a particular disease.
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APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY APPROACH
References
Bhopal, R. S. (2016). Concepts of epidemiology: integrating the ideas, theories, principles, and
methods of epidemiology. Oxford University Press.
Detels, R., Gulliford, M., Tan, C. C., & Karim, Q. A. (Eds.). (2015). Oxford textbook of global
public health. Oxford Textbook.
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers.
Katsiki, N., Kolovou, MSc, V., Tsipis, MD, PhD, A., Mihas, MD, PhD, C., Vartela, MD, V.,
Koutelou, MD, PhD, M., … Kolovou, MD, PhD, G. (2018). Gene Polymorphisms in
Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Angiology, 69(8), 738-739.
doi:10.1177/0003319718774693
Nelson, K. E., & Williams, C. M. (Eds.). (2014). Infectious disease epidemiology: theory and
practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Noppert, G. A., Kubale, J. T., & Wilson, M. L. (2016). Analyses of infectious disease patterns
and drivers largely lack insights from social epidemiology: contemporary patterns and
future opportunities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 71(4), 350-355.
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207967
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