University Essay: Epidemiology of Smoking and Young Adults

This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology of smoking, focusing on its prevalence and impact on young adults. It explores the various factors that contribute to smoking initiation and continuation among this demographic, including social, psychological, and environmental influences. The essay highlights the significant health consequences associated with smoking, such as lung cancer and other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it examines the effectiveness of different smoking cessation programs, including text messaging-based interventions, and discusses their role in helping young adults quit smoking. The essay also delves into the history of tobacco industry tactics to undermine epidemiological findings, emphasizing the importance of understanding the complexities of smoking and public health interventions. Ultimately, the essay underscores the need for comprehensive and tailored strategies to address the smoking epidemic and promote better health outcomes for young adults.

Running Head: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMOKING
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMOKING
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

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This essay aims to highlight the critical cause of smoking among young adults. The
writing will also focus on how numerous programs against smoking are going to help young
adults to overcome this concern. Smoking is one of the fears among the young adults that
develop as per their situation. There are several situations when teenagers opt for smoking, such
as social depression, anxiety or even stress. However, the inclusion of a text messaging-based
smoking termination program for young adults helped them to quit smoking permanently. The
plan was mainly launched for young adults in order to stop smoking and get rid of deadly
diseases (Movsisyan et al., 2019). However, the results of the program were quite impressive
because many teenagers quit within a period of thirty days. Smoking has several stages of
changing or adapting to the lifestyle of a smoker. Further, influential of the program will be more
helpful to young teenagers to leave smoking.
As per the recent past, tobacco smoking is one of the primary cause of death. It has also
been observed that the upper half of people die due to smoking problems even if they do not
smoke, but the smoke released by the smokers are responsible for their death. Smoking is a kind
of addiction that gets up to a teenager when they suffer from some form of depression, stress or
anxiety (Cambron et al., 2019). Being an addictive activity, it is not easy for smokers to stop
within a day or week. It takes a lot of time for them to quit smoking permanently. They also
require an appropriate social, communal and moral support to succeed. It has been observed that
people smoking from a long time might suffer a lot of discomfort after quitting such urge to
smoke, irritability or anxiety. People also find several other ways to quit smoking, such as to opt
for e-cigarettes, but such methods have not been proven beneficial (Bleckwenn, 2019).
In the recent past, the Government develops several ‘Stop Smoking Support Programs'
that help young as well as elderly people to overcome smoking. Information about smoking

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cessation programs can be obtained from several health practitioners or even from several other
health-related programs. It is also vital for the young adults to beware of those programs that
provide short-term help, high effective cost, offer medications that could be dangerous for the
body or even opt for illegal activities to stop quitting smoke. The programs mainly provide
counselling or act as rehab to smoking patients (Vsearch.nlm.nih.gov, 2019). Such programs
deliver numerous tactics to help the smokers quit smoking such provide medications, nicotine
supplement and a reasonable schedule to be followed to overcome smoking (Medlineplus.gov,
2019). These programs design the plan as per the patient's smoking habit. Programs that provide
longer sessions have better opportunities to help the patients to quit smoking.
However, the text messaging-based smoking cessation program in the United States of America
has shown enormous growth and development to help the smokers quit smoking. A text
messaging centred application is designed for young adults. However, the program showed
immense growth because it is a six weeks program that helps young adults to quit smoking
within four weeks. The plan was mainly a collaborative effort with people associated with
Michigan State University as well as the University Of Texas School Of Public Health at
Houston.
Further, the help of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) can do the
evaluation of such programs. Smoking is one of the important reason of death all around the
world. According to recent data, of 2015, the maximum number of people involved in smoking
are between the age group of 18 to 24 years. In the United States, approximately 480,000 deaths
are occurred only because of smoking. As per the data of 2017, young adults around the age of
18 are involved into smoking, but it has dropped from 20.9% in 2005 to 14.0% in 2017 (Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). The reason behind such a massive decrease can be

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given to the USA based initiative program, Stop My Smoking (SMS USA) (Ybarra et al., 2013).
It is crucial to understand the symptoms of smoking as early as possible that includes pain inside
the chest, breathing shortness, blood in cough, frequent respiratory infections, severe difficulty
while swallowing or lung infections. If symptoms remain untreated, then it might lead to cancer.
Lung cancer is one of the significant life-threatening diseases that occur due to smoking.
However, not only lung cancer but also people could also suffer from various other deadly
diseases in mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, pancreas, kidney and gall bladder.
Smoking has no specific time to quit. One can quit smoking at any age, but one should
also remember that there is a way to get benefit if he quits smoking after a disease. There are
tons of interest after one quits smoking. During initial days, it might be difficult for the person to
sustain without smoking a cigarette, but soon it will be nullified (Medlineplus.gov, 2019). There
are certain practices that the practitioners can follow to treat against smoking, such as
psychological therapies, to offer treatment schedules through cell phones, group counselling, and
excessive involvement of physical activities or even meditation. Few medications and drugs can
be useful against smoking such as Nicotine products including chewing gum or lozenge, an
inhaler or nasal spray. Non-nicotinic medicines such as bupropion SR or Varenicline tartrate
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).
An epidemiologic investigation has motivated a sequence of activities by the tobacco products
that have both optimistic and undesirable influences on the globe. The influential conclusions of
epidemiologic study about the impacts of smoking directed to methodical determinations to
pledge them; policies for generating hesitation about systematic indication can be openly traced
to the tobacco manufacturing, commencement in the year 1950 and perhaps former (Cnattingius,
2014). Primarily focused on dynamic smoking, the trade's doubt conception exertions developed

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even additional violent as an acquaintance of non-smokers to recycled smoke was connected to
antagonistic impacts. Health investigators are occasionally tempted into functioning as advisors
to the trade and contributing in business intended tactics to destabilize epidemiologic indication.
The company also shaped individuals to reserve academics, deliberately sympathetic readings
that would rebound consideration from smoking as the reason for illness. However, the tautness
produced by the tobacco manufacturing's activities guaranteed that epidemiologists prudently
discovered prejudice in readings and likely substitute reasons for relations of ailment with
dynamic and inactive smoking (Maziak et al., 2015).
Several other operational improvements were interested in an investigation on the
outcome of smoking on fitness. Tobacco is the dominant source of cancers, nurturing the query
as to whether this agent performs dynamically. The combined results of this include risk issues
for mouth cancer involving multiple prototypes. An example of tobacco and mouth cancer
provided importance to seeing the combined outcome of the experiences on the preservative rule
— the connected replicas of collaboration to hazard and inaugurated a reflection of result to
modify the public wellness. The strong relations of smoking with numerous ailments and the
obtainability of significant regiment investigations simplified displaying of dosage reply
associations and out of time sequence of alteration in ailment danger after severe smoking
termination (Montazeri, Nyiraneza, El-Katerji & Little, 2017). A crucial instance in an exertion
to transport clearness to the idea of initiation and dormant eras. Ground-breaking examines were
accepted, for the case, of causes of the amount of alteration in lung utility and the measurable
hazards of lung cancer in relative to quantity smoked and the period of smoking.
From the point onwards, the manufacturing's exertions to undermine tobacco mechanism
suited even additional penetrating. Abundant of the first dose absorbed on epidemiology and the

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outcome of epidemiologic investigations. Industrial counsellors discussed the faults of observed
researches, which were obtainable as only capable of producing theories that essential
challenging in animal prototypes and validation of apparatuses before interconnection could be
achieved. The prejudices that can disturb epidemiologic indication were accessible as intractable,
and an investigation was undertaken by the business with the determination of rebounding
consideration absent from smoking as a primary cause of ailment (Gallus, Ghislandi, &
Muttarak, 2015). The smoking production was predominantly influenced by the suggestion on
the relationship between second-hand smoking and lung cancer, which took the tendency to
negotiate smoking bans because of the harm imposed unwillingly on non-smokers (Ghoncheh,
Pournamdar & Salehiniya, 2016). Several occurrences on the indication were detected that were
created around the basics of epidemiologic practice. The assailant's planned strategies by which
collection unfairness, disparity evidence partiality, and unrestrained confusing could announce a
suggestion of second-hand smoking with risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. One recurrent
disagreement, which infrequently still exteriors in other backgrounds, postulated the presence of
unidentified perplexing features that were so far to be recognized but stemmed in relations
refereed to be pivotal (Giovino et al., 2015). Such tactics based about probable known
boundaries of epidemiologic material were broadly dispersed through journals in the peer-
reviewed writings and methodical assemblies, certain ordered by the tobacco manufacturers and
its replacements; these approaches were also influenced in monitoring locations.
It can be concluded, that the history of smoking business's determinations to generate
uncertainty is now well investigated, predominantly as of the entrance increased to the trade's
interior brochures concluded the tobacco litigation. Smoking is one of the harmful activity, and

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people choose it as an addiction. But several programs helped the young adults to overcome such
addictions because it is necessary to detect symptoms as early as possible to overcome cancers.

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References
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