ES5603: Liqtech Solutions for Dairy Industry Environmental Impact

This report examines the potential of clean technology, specifically Liqtech's innovative membrane technology, to address water wastage and pollution within India's dairy processing industry. It highlights the critical state of water resources in India, the environmental impact of the dairy sector, and how Liqtech's Silicon Carbide Ceramic membranes can efficiently treat wastewater, filter out complex residues, and promote sustainable practices. The report emphasizes the need for advanced filtration technologies to combat water scarcity and pollution, advocating for the integration of cleaner production methods and eco-design solutions within the dairy processing industry to achieve environmental, economic, and social benefits. The analysis covers the current challenges faced by the Indian dairy industry, including high water consumption, wastewater generation, and the lack of adequate treatment facilities, further reinforcing the importance of adopting clean technology to ensure a more sustainable future.

Clean technology and environment
Module code: - ES5603
Module Name: - Environmental
management and legislation
Student I'd:- 2162108

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
Development of clean technology...................................................................................................3
The current state of water wastage in India......................................................................4
The dairy processing industry of India..............................................................................5
Liqtech’s innovative membrane technology......................................................................7
Integration of Liqtech’s water saving technologies in the dairy processing industry of
India.....................................................................................................................................10
Discussion......................................................................................................................................13
Recommendations...............................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
INTRODUCTION
The current technological advancements have life extremely convenient in many aspects
and has helped make humanity commit to rapid strides towards becoming a lot more simplified
and advanced regarding their use of resources. However in their pursuit of becoming more

advanced and smart with reach passing day, the damage that has been done to the environment
has been immense along with the depletion of natural resources which has led to companies
looking rapidly towards curbing pollution and harmful emission of carbon and other lethal
discharges into the environment (Asif and Zhang, 2021). The rampant wastage of water and the
pollution of its natural collectives such as rivers and lakes has been particularly prominent in this
context. This report will analyse the dairy processing industry in India and the current wastage
and pollution of water that has been happening in this industry and helping integrate smart
cleaning solutions such as Liqtech’s innovative membrane technology solutions .
Development of clean technology
It has been seen and find out that having the changes in production processes and products
that result in improvement of environmental, economic and social performance of enterprises are
an important element of the overall process towards more sustainable production and leading and
developing a clean technology. The aim of current project is to demonstrate the application of
cleaner production and eco-design as sustainable production tools to improve the environmental
efficiency of milk processing industry and integrating in clean technology in dairy processing
industries in India (Awasthi and et. al., 2022). Further, it has been seen and find out the Milk
processing industry or the dairy processing is tend to be the one of the largest and dynamically
developing branches of industry in the world. Along with this, it has been also seen and find out
the main impact of milk processing and dairy processing industry on the environment is tend to
be related and associated to energy and water consumption, and waste and wastewater
generation. Thus, it is needed to analysis and evaluate about the number of potential solutions to
improve the environmental performance of milk processing industry and diary processing
industry to reduce energy and resources consumption are needed based on the use of the clean
technology. For this purpose and to ensure the integrating in clean technology in dairy
processing industries in India it is vital to have the substitution of cleaning agent in the milk
receiving bar for washing of milk tankers with the specialised acidic detergent, integration of the
automated CIP washing system in the butter bar, implementation of water recycling system to
collect warm (35 °C) water, integration of the membrane technologies for the evaporation
process and the use of filtrate received during the condensation for steam generation in the boiler

house (Maaz and Ahmad, 2022). Along with this, the eco-design solution for cans of milk
products is presented which has been proposed to have been implemented in the milk processing
company to ensure and lead to a better integrating in clean technology in dairy processing
industries in India. To have better implication and ere the better understanding and knowledge
creation about the use of the clean technology along with integrating in clean technology in dairy
processing industries in India following themes are made and reviewed a discussion of which has
been provided as below:
The current state of water wastage in India
India being the second largest country in the world in terms of overall population makes
it one of the prime culprits of the water wastage problems faced by the world as it houses billions
of people without the proper systems in place to curb water wastage. According to reports, more
than 600 million people face acute water shortages and crisis in the country and this number goes
further up if the people affected by unequal distribution of water and improper governance of
water channels are taken into account (Mostafavi, Eissazadeh and Piryaei, 2019). The situation
has gotten worse if we take the toll that the COVID-19 pandemic took on the country’s
population as it forced people indoors due to constant lockdowns which in turn also escalated the
demand for more water usage for domestic chores which was hardly met outside of affluent
societies and areas.
The future outlook of the ongoing water shortages due to often unregulated wastage is
also grim as the demand for water owing to increase in population will exceed the current natural
resources present in the country which is very worrying. Another major reason as to why the
country is struggling with the usage and distribution of water is due to the fact that there is
massive wastage of water in the country due to lack of awareness, lazy enforcement by the
government and a lot of water is polluted as an afterthought of business and governmental
operations (Kadhom and Deng, 2018).
One of the major ways which can present a bright future of the country and its residents
in this regard is the use of treated and filtered wastewater which is produced in a huge amount as
many prominent industries in India along with major infrastructural projects sanctioned by the
government such as construction of new societies, new temples and religious institutions along
with the dairy processing activities undertaken in the country. There are many business and start-
ups in the country which are coming forward to come up with unique solutions to tackle this

problem but there is also underlying business opportunity here for foreign companies to enter the
market and build innovative filtration technologies (Namsaeng, Punyodom and Worajittiphon,
2019).
Along with this, it has been also seen and find out that in India every year near around 1.5
million children tend to get die because of diarrhoea and 40 % of people are still not having any
connection with the clean water sources (Sakhare, Balsoriya and Kesari, 2022). Thus, an analysis
and review can be made that the implication and use of the clean technology has become most
vital and important within the India to supports and leads to higher clean waster and deniable
sources of water for the people to mitigate and reduce the issue of the water wastage in India
(Kumar, Mangla and Kumar, 2022).
The dairy processing industry of India
India’s major economic significance is emboldened and fully displayed by its global
domination when it comes to the dairy industry as it is the world’s largest producer of milk and
contributes to a staggering 23% of the world’s total milk supply which is a major achievement.
The country employs multiple large dairy chains and the industry has grown strength to strength
ads it has displayed the annual growth rate of 6.2% which is a very promising outlook towards
the future if it follows the same trajectory. One of the major parts of this market segment is the
dairy processing industry which consists of businesses dealing with cutting, filtration and content
manipulation of milk in order to make entirely new products such as cheese along with the
storing and packaging of the said products (Pilli and et. al., 2022).
Although the strides that India has made when it comes to milk supply globally and the
amount of sheer dairy processing activities that take place in the plants and farms in the country,
the dominance has come at a steep cost of huge wastage of water which is a natural by-product
of the processing of milk as it leaves a massive amount of contaminated water behind (Vakula
and Kolli, 2017).
Treating this wastewater is a major criteria which has not yet been fulfilled to the best
possible extent by the government as the current existing technologies of filtration and treatment
of wastewater that are in the operational supply of India have not been a satisfactory answer to
the residue left behind by dairy processing. Since there are many dairy farms in the country, the
resultant amount of wastewater that exists is a major problem of the country which needs to be

solved using advanced technological solution (Ghosh, 2019). Further, it has been seen and find
out that the pollution effect of dairy waste is tend to be main attributed that is leading and
creating to the immediate as well as leading to a high oxygen demand. Along with this, it has
been also seen and find out that the decomposition of casein of the leading to the formation of
the set out of the heavy black sludge's as well as the strong butyric acid odours along with the
main characterize are tend to be the key reason and factor for milk waste pollution that is
creating issue of water pollution (Singh and et. al., 2022). Beside this, it has been seen and find
out that the many problems and issues are also there which are being present within the dairy and
milk processing industry of India that comprises of the improper milk marketing facilitates along
with the uncertain level of the price. Along with this, it has been seen and find out that the higher
level of the milk losses and eater wastages has been also seen in the milk and dairy proceeding
industry of the India that is creating and leading by the lack of the proper cold chain facility
(Bhuvaneshwari and et. al., 2022).
Thus, on the basis of the above discussion, an implication can be made out the adoption of
the proper clean technology is being needed within the dairy processing and equipment of milk
industry of India. The main clean objectives and aim of the dairy processing units of India tend
to comprises and includes of the halving of the higher level of the physical cleanliness that
emphasis on the on the renewable of the visible dirt and other cloning objective tend to include
and comprise of the having the chemical cleanliness and bacteriological cleanliness in order to
have highest level of the disinfection and maintain the quality of milk (Yadav and et. al., 2022).
Liqtech’s innovative membrane technology
Liqtech is a major corporate presence in the clean solutions industry and it has more than
two decades of experience in making technologically advanced gas and water purification and
filtration products and services which has helped multiple companies and institutions around the
globe become more green and sustainable as a result. The company has various services
available such as home and marine water treatment systems, separate systems and frameworks
for treatment of industrial wastewater, UV disinfection, and food and beverage filtration. The
company also provides extensive knowledge about water conservation and intelligent usage in
order to hold true to its vision of making the world a cleaner and more sustainable place (Veiga,
de Souza and Vendramel, 2022).

However in the context of treating the wastewater due to industrial operations such as the
current dairy processing industry in India which is struggling with wastewater management, the
company’s special and innovative membrane technology provides a much more interesting
direction (Singh and Sharma, 2022). One of the most ground-breaking market offerings that
Liqtech has is its Silicon Carbide Ceramic (SIC) membranes which are designed exclusively to
help treat wastewater with as much efficiency as possible without any major emissions and harm
caused by the operations. This unique patented technology of the company’s features its
membranes being able to clean and filter out complex residues and industrial leftovers such as
different kinds of oil deposits, salts and suspended solids which allows for world class filtration
which can help India tap into the unexploited water resources being wasted rapidly through its
dairy processing activities (SILICON CARBIDE CERAMIC MEMBRANE, 2022).
These silicon membrane are not seen in the markets world-wide by other companies to
the extent of quality that Liqtech is supplying as these membranes are made by the second
strongest metal in the world and have been market tested as many important industrial plants and
companies in the world have integrated the technology in their operations and have become more
sustainable as the company has installed more than 300 water treatment systems worldwide. The
membrane technology is also highly innovative as apart from just cleaning all kinds of caustic
waters, the sheer durability of these membranes allow great flexibility for businesses which can
be appreciated by a market like India (Ganju and Gogate, 2017).
It has been seen that the clean water is the call of toady as it is important for every dairy
being and required within every sort of business industry and the rapid increase in the population
as well as the industrialisation has call out for better use of clean technology to supports and
ensure the availability of the drinkable water. For this purpose many techniques are being
developed by the Liqtech for treatment of war that includes reverse osmosis, ion exchange along
with adsorption (Kazancoglu and et. al., 2022). Out of these applying and making use of the
innovative membrane solution technology is seemed appropriate clean technology which reduce
waste water. The function and mechanism of the membrane filtration in waste water treatment
has been provided as below with the help of the following diagram:

It has been presented and reflected by the above diagram that the Microfiltration is tend to
be a pressure that is effective and vital used to driven process where separated compounds there
which are effective and used are 0.1–0.2 μm such as nanoparticles (INDUSTRIAL WATER
TREATMENT, 2022). Further, within the Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology this
tend to be regarded as the first pre-treatment of NF as well as the RO membrane processes that
supports and brings the better cleaning of the water waste. Further, during the next step the
Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology tend to focus and emphasising on the
removing of the little or no organic matter that is vital and effective to support the better
treatment of the water. But still in some cases when the water is set to the pre-treatment is
applied and sometime also leads to the increased removal of organic material that can occur
within the Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology (Draghici, and Ivascu, 2022).
Along with this, the Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology is also not tend to be an
absolute barrier to viruses but still when it is used in combination with disinfection, the Liqtech
innovative membrane solution technology tend to be appears to control these microorganisms in
water and supports and brings out better integrating in clean technology in dairy processing
industries in India to have more quality waste (Cheng and et. al., 2022).

Integration of Liqtech’s water saving technologies in the dairy processing industry of India
Liqtech has successfully implemented global operations through installation of water and
gas filtration on the premises and plants of various companies and India should be no different as
the country has tremendously increased the ease for foreign companies to conduct its business on
it grounds and the dairy processing industry needs as much help as it can get as the amount of
water not getting treated is just an untapped potential resource that the authorities and
government are letting go to waste (Ratten and Dana, 2017). The company should begin by
entering the market in the state of Uttar Pradesh which is the largest hub of dairy activities and
milk processing and take advantage of its goodwill to deal with local dairy farms which often
lack the awareness to treat the amount of water being thrown away without filtration
considerations.
The major competitive advantage that these innovative silicon membranes have for
Liqtech is that there are no large scaled rivals in the market segment as the amount of flexibility
and operational efficient of this product can be unmatched in the Indian market for the time
being. Another major point which can help in the integration of such membranes in the dairy
processing industry is the sheer durability that this technology possesses which can help in long
term integrations without fear of compromise in quality which is often the major factor which
deters Indian businesses to use foreign goods in their key operations (Awasthi and et. al., 2022).
When it comes to dairy processing in India, the bulk of the production in undertaken for
the purpose of pasteurization, cheese and yogurt production as both these products are consumed
all over the country in huge quantities (Yadav and et. al., 2022). By integrating the innovative
SIC membrane technology into these processes, the entire wastewater which is left behind can be
taken care of after the processing takes place in the same vessel or industry sized container as the
innovative technology can not only filter out suspended solids and milk residue but can also take
out the in organics salts and milk chemicals left behind which can reduce or outright negate the
caustic qualities of the water making it usable and recyclable (Bolisetty, Peydayesh and
Mezzenga, 2019). Further, it has been seen and find out that the industrial such as the dairy
processing system and other factors are tend to the main cause of the water pollution which is
creating to a threat to the aquatic pollution and also create the issue of the waste water (Maaz and
Ahmad, 2022). Thus, beset way to conserve water and ensure reduction in waste water is to clean
the factory wastage and other pollution before it get enter into livers, lake and oceans. Therefore,

the Industrial wastewater treatment has become essential units that needs to be accommodate
complex separation and purification demands.
On the basis of the above diagram it has been presented that the use of the Liqtech
innovative membrane solution technology tend to support and present the remaining and
removing of solids in waste water at the first stage where treatment is tend to begin usually with
the help of the ultra-filtration or microfiltration that need to be present within diary proceeding
units to reduce the wastage of water and ensuring use of clean technology (CERAMIC
MEMBRANE FILTERS, 2022). Further, it has been seen that a separate unit operation is also
present at the Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology that comparison of a
downstream operation including biological steps to reduce the viruses and bacteria present in the
water. Thus, the integration of the MABR is also tend to be need to be present in the dairy
processing units of India to support and lead to better filtration of the water along with reducing
the diffusing air or oxygen into the bioreactor in the molecular, or 'bubbleless', form to ensure the
quality of water (Sakhare, Balsoriya and Kesari, 2022). Further, it has been seen and find out that
the for more than two decades, The Liqtech has focused on the use of the crystalized silicon
carbide that tend to provides state-of-the-art silicon carbide ceramic membrane that products for
gas and liquid purification thus supports and brings the better integrating in clean technology in

dairy processing industries in India (Veiga, de Souza and Vendramel, 2022). Further, to ensure
and supports the more effective integration of Liqtech’s water saving technologies in the dairy
processing industry of India it tend to make specialize in two business areas including of the
better use of the silicon carbide ceramic membranes for liquid filtration along with the diesel
particulate filters (DPFs) which are effective for leading the better control of soot exhaust
particles from diesel engines (Kumar, Mangla and Kumar, 2022).
Discussion
On the basis of the current study a discussion can be made out that the continuous
improvement and progress within the technology is creating better ways to become more
simplified as well as have advancement regarding the efficient use of scare resources. It has been
also presented and reflected by the current study that the regular industrialisation is leading to
higher water wastage and contamination through leading the curbing pollution along with the
leading to the harmful emission of the carbon and other lethal discharge within the lakes, rivers
and oceans creating shortage of water (Singh and et. al., 2022). Beside this, a discussion about
the current state of water wastage in India has been also made that reflected and presented a high
level of scarcity of water in India that is calling for having and making use of effective clean
technology to reduce the issue of water wastage especially within the dairy processing industry.
Along with this, based on the findings of the current study, it has been also discussed that the
innovative membrane technology is tend to be supporting and leading out a better and more
effective way for of achieving water purification based on use of clean technology (Nguyen-Viet,
2022). Further, it has been also reviewed that the many microfiltration as well as ultra-filtration
membrane solution are being used within the Liqtech innovative membrane to support and brings
out better removal of pollutants from water to ensure better water quality (Bhuvaneshwari and et.
al., 2022).
Recommendations
The Indian dairy processing industry is in high need of a technological overhaul which
not only increases their operational efficiency but helps in reducing water wastage done through
dairy outlets such as farms and processing plants by effective treatment and filtration of
wastewater (Ahmad and Azam, 2019). The SIC membranes developed by Liqtech can fill this
gap in the market very well as almost all of the demands of the Indian dairy industry are all

fulfilled by this technology as the product is advanced, can be easily integrated and packs
promise of durability and great build quality. Some further recommendations are highlighted
herein for Liqtech which the company should focus on to better its future prospects in the Indian
dairy processing industry and make their membrane’s quality even better and more practical.
 Pricing and build adjustments – Even though the product has massive positive
implication for the various dairy companies and farms in India, without proper pricing,
the SIC membrane technology will be unable to build trust with Indian customers as
Indian businessmen are very sensitive to price and their business acumen dictates to save
as much costing as possible. The membranes by themselves help save a lot of money
which goes into disposal of waste water streams but installation and integration prices if
kept within a modest range would do wonders for the company.
 More filtration optimization – The company explicitly states the quality of their SIC
membranes by notifying that they are capable of not only taking out solid deposits but
can pick chemical leftovers from the result of industrial processing which lowers the
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater but the company should also build
further models with the capacity to lower the biological oxygen demand (BOD) as well.
Apart from filtering wastewater streams, the company should also come up with methods
to install their systems in dairies in such a manner which collects and stores the treated
wastewater for repeated usage to generate simplified and more sustainable dairy
processing systems.
 Applying use of the Liqtech innovative membrane solution technology- It is
recommended to make use of the membrane technology within the diary processing unit
as it supports and leads to better purification of water based on ultrafiltration.
CONCLUSION
The above report went into detail regarding the water crisis being faced by India in the
recent years as the demand has greatly accelerated due to explosion of population coupled with
the COVID-19 pandemic and the current existing natural resources are depleting at a rapid rate.
It was identified that the dairy processing industry is a major avenue of water wastage which
needs to be addressed as wastewater can be treated and tapped into as an additional resource.
Liqtech’s innovative SIC membranes were highlighted as solutions to address this complex

problem due to their efficiency at lowering COD levels significantly which can even make
wastewater reusable in some cases. The report was concluded with the ways in which Liqtech
can integrate its membranes in the Indian dairy processing industry along with further
recommendations to better its SIC technology for better water management and sustainability.

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Online Referencing
SILICON CARBIDE CERAMIC MEMBRANE, 2022 [online] available through
https://liqtech.com/ceramics/silicon-carbide-ceramic-membrane/
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<https://liqtech.com/water/industrial-water-treatment/>