Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health: A Detailed Report

This report, titled "Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health," delves into the core concepts of epidemiology, focusing on mortality and morbidity rates and the development of prevention strategies to improve health outcomes. The report analyzes mortality data from the WHO, highlighting leading causes of death such as heart disease, lung cancer, and diabetes, and the influence of treatment on morbidity rates. It emphasizes the importance of strategies formulated by organizations like the CDC and WHO, including recommendations for physical activity, weight control, and childhood immunization. The report also includes a response to a student's post, acknowledging the importance of the relationship between morbidity, mortality, and disease, while suggesting more detailed prevention strategies. It concludes with a comprehensive list of references, including sources from the WHO, CDC, and National Academies Press.

Running Head: ESSENTIALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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Morbidity and Mortality in terms of developing prevention strategies which aims at
increasing attention to disease and decreasing adverse health outcomes:
Mortality indicates the total number of death by place, time and cause. The total
number of death reflected in the WHO’s data are registered by the National Civil Registration
Systems of Death. In the data, the cause responsible for the death of an individual such as, the
disease or illness which leads to death is also written by national authority (WHO, 2019).
Morbidity is referred to as the population affected certain disease or illness, the disease or
injury might be caused by some specific treatment ( NCI, 2019).
According to Bonnie, Stroud, & Breiner (2014), young adults (both male and female
are at the higher risk of mortality and morbidity as compared to the older adults. Several
strategies and policies aims at reducing the mortality and morbidity rate in a population by
developing perspective. By analysing the data, disease which are responsible for high
mortality rate is determined, based on those prevention strategies is formulated. In 2016, 15.2
million deaths were recorded due to heart disease and heart attacks. 3.0 million and 1.6
million were recorded due to lung cancer and diabetes respectively (WHO, 2019). Certain
treatment are also responsible for increasing the morbidity rate of the individual, hence in
such cases, the treatment therapy are revised accordingly in order to reduce the adverse
outcome of the treatment. To reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity, different
recommendation were formulated by the government. For example in 2010, CDC
recommended some prevention strategy to reduce the mortality rate due to diabetes. It
includes involving in physical activity, weight control, intake food as prescribe by the general
practitioner. Before the recommendation of strategy, pathophysiology of the disease has been
evaluated from different literature and in addition, the previous intervention were also
analysed. After that, research gap is evaluated. After gathering all the information, the

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recommendation were formulated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the recommendation,
evidence based research has been conducted. Apart from that, different surveys and
interviews were conducted among the individual who are following the recommendation
(CDC, 2019). For example, to reduce the mortality and morbidity among the infants and
children, 4 prevention strategies were formulated which includes, providing appropriate home
care to new-born and infants, by integrating the management of illness related to childhood,
expanding programme based on child immunization and by improving the young and infant
child feeding (WHO, 2019).
By following the prevention strategies evaluated by national authorities such as,
World Health Organization and Centre of disease control and prevention, mortality and
morbidity rate of the population can be decreased as well as adverse health outcomes can be
reduced.
Response to students post:
The post provided by the other students includes all the parts that has been asked in
the question. Relationship among the morbidity, mortality and the disease has been stated
clearly. The mortality and morbidity rate due to certain leading disease such as, heart disease,
lung disease and other disease are incorporated. Some prevention strategies are also
mentioned in the post but more prevention strategies should have been included as the
question mainly focuses on the prevention Strategies that plays an important role in reducing
the mortality and morbidity rate and the adverse health outcomes due to certain diseases.
Referencing has been also done properly.

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References:
Bonnie, R. J., Stroud, C. E., & Breiner, H. E. (2014). Investing in the health and well-being
of young adults. National Academies Press.
CDC. (2019). Strategies for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Diabetes Through
Health-Care System Interventions and Diabetes Self-Management Education in Community
Settings. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/Preview/MMWRhtml/rr5016a1.htm
NCI. (2019). NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved from
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/morbidity
WHO. (2019). The top 10 causes of death. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
WHO. (2019). WHO | MDG 4: reduce child mortality. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/child_mortality/en/
WHO. (2019). WHO | Mortality. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/topics/mortality/en/