Doctorate Level BUS604 Assignment: Truth in Business Research Methods

This report, addressing a doctorate-level assignment in Business Research Methods (BUS604), critically assesses the establishment of truth in business and management research. It delves into various research paradigms, including positivism and realism, and investigates their epistemological, ontological, and axiological dimensions. The report explores research philosophies, such as positivism and realism, detailing their impact on maintaining truth and reliability. It examines the importance of research philosophies and their role in guiding research methodologies. Furthermore, the report incorporates a literature review and a case study to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. The case study analyzes employee motivation within a company, illustrating the application of research paradigms in practical business scenarios. The report emphasizes the significance of these paradigms in conducting scientific investigations and maintaining the validity and reliability of research findings. The report also discusses the approaches of epistemology, ontology, and axiology in the context of business research and their importance in providing accurate and reliable information.

RUNNING HEAD: MANAGEMENT 0
“BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS”

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Introduction
Business and management research is systematic inquiry that helps in solving the
business problems and also provides contribution in increasing management knowledge (Percy,
Kostere, & Kostere, 2015). Business and management research focuses on understanding the
overall concepts of the research regarding subject matter and give information about the issues
and benefits of the business. Therefore, various methodologies and concepts are applied in
conducting business and management research which supports in accomplishing the overall
objectives and goal of conducting research (Pavlineri, Skoulikidis, & Tsihrintzis, 2017).
The business and management research is important because it provides adequate
information to the organization regarding the communication of current and potential customers
in efficient manner. This supports the business in describing the identities and opportunities
which are underlying in the business and also helps in minimizing the risk and threats of the
business (Kivunja & Bawa Kuyini, 2017). Further, it is investigated that it becomes highly
significant for maintaining the truth and reliability in the business research because of
maintaining validity of the business research, therefore different research paradigms is used by
the researchers so that accurate information is delivered. It is estimated that the majority of the
research used research paradigms while conducting business research.
Research paradigm is important because this supports in defining the reality of the
research by describing the challenges which business face and also provide information
regarding the benefits which organization provides by analyzing external environment (Pavlineri,
Skoulikidis, & Tsihrintzis, 2017). It describes the perception of the authors and other views
regarding the subject matter. It also describes in understanding the belief and values in which
organization overall objectivity is achieved (Iacobucci, 2016). In this report, the establishment of
the truth in business and management research is discussed by describing the different research
paradigms and literature. Further, the case study is also discussed which provides information
regarding the truth and reliability in business and management research.

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Establishment of “truth” in business and management research
The truth in the business and management is considered important because it supports in
providing information about the reality in the norms, values and belief which is to be used in the
research. Therefore, through this the adequate methodologies which can be used in conducting
the research are described. Furthermore, every element of the research and their part is described
so that accuracy is maintained in the research (Rahi, 2017).
Business and management research is important for understanding the various concepts
and their application in epistemology, ontology so that research procedures are described in an
efficient manner (Khaldi, 2017). There are various importance of the philosophies, approach
and research strategy because this provides information regarding how the research is conducted
to accomplish the overall goal and objective of conducting the business and management
research (Queirós, Faria, & Almeida, 2017).
Research philosophies
There are different types of research philosophies used in the research because this
provides information regarding the assumptions for the researchers towards achieving the
objective of the research; this is because the research philosophy explains the overall view about
the reality of the world (Verovšek, 2016). Therefore, in these various theories and concepts
followed by the researchers in achieving the overall objectives of the research is used. This
supports the researchers in developing the proposed strategy and methods for conducting the
research. Furthermore, it also leads in maintaining truth in the study because it combines the
business research with the value and belief of the research (Martin, Scott, & Thompson, 2017).
Further, the various theories and concepts of research philosophies are discussed which supports
the researchers in maintaining truth and reliability in the study.
Positivism
It is the concept of research philosophies in which researchers focus on providing
information about real world and manage it with social entity, therefore this is used in managing
truth in the business research because through this supports in identifying the techniques of and
development of hypothesis (Rahi, 2017). Further, through this concept, the information is
received regarding the strategy of testing the hypothesis so that the truth and reliability of the

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study are maintained. It is considered most important because it focuses on observation and
supports the research in becoming quantifiable. Therefore this is done by using the statistical
analysis and in this concept; the researchers manipulate the data by investigating again necessary
data and it leads in maintaining consistency of the research (Strauman, 2017). Further, this
concept maintains the truth by allowing the researchers to adopt epistemology because in this
knowledge and information is increased by focusing on the particular aspect.
Positivism is important for business and research because it provides adequate
information regarding the attitudes and perceptions of the leaders towards their managers and
supervisor. Therefore, estimation describes that the positivism concept is the domain of
epistemology and it provides adequate knowledge about business research (Queirós, Faria, &
Almeida, 2017). Further, positivism also adopts an ontology approach while maintaining the
truth in the business and management research because through this the researchers can maintain
reality in the business research by following two concepts which objectivism as well as
subjectivism. Through, this perception and consequences in the factors of business research is
included in the research. This is supports in providing adequate information regarding the subject
matter; it provides knowledge regarding attitude and temperament (Percy, Kostere, & Kostere,
2015).
The truth in the business research is maintained through including the concept of
positivism and this further used other approaches that is axiology in which researchers make
judgments regarding the ethics and provide overall social inquiry. In this researchers also
identify the procedure of data collection and data analysis. This is considered highly helpful in
researching the issues faced by the business which also has a significant effect on society
(Iacobucci, 2016).
Realism
Realism is also the concept that is used by the researchers to conduct the business and
management research because this type of research is related to the scientific inquiry because in
this researcher used their senses while conducting the research (Rahi, 2017). In this approach,
researchers used various aspects of observation through their experience and develop various
hypotheses. In this researchers describe the research in different themes so that truth is
maintained in the study. The other theory that is critical realist is also followed because through

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following this researcher understand the procedure and various important points through which
the objectivity and reliability of the study are maintained (Kivunja & Bawa Kuyini, 2017).
In this researchers move from various stages and support the researchers to understand
the importance and multi-level of the study because of defining the study in the context of the
group, individual. Therefore, it is used in business research because the organization operated
because of more employees and managers who conduct the operations of the business (Symon,
Cassell, & Johnson, 2018). Therefore, this theory provides information regarding the experience
level and decisions which can be made regarding the methods and theories which are used to
conduct the overall objective of the research.
This concept includes various approaches which include epistemology because it
describes the reality of the topic in the specific field and divided the topic into different themes.
This is because of describing the overall reality of the study by adopting different theories of the
research. In this area, the external information and behavior of the researchers are managed more
effectively according to the needs and requirements of the subject matter (Percy, Kostere, &
Kostere, 2015). The realism theories also use the approach of ontology because in this research
manage the reality by defining the high cultural experience of the researchers so that the
researchers organize the different subjects in a highly adequate manner because of using the
approach of social phenomena (Khaldi, 2017).
The concept also includes axiology which is considered the branch of philosophy because
this supports in defining the data collection and analysis method, through this researchers can
reflect on their values and the philosophies (Marx, Haunschild, & Bornmann, 2017). It is because
of understanding the area of business research and describes the information regarding the effect
of some factor on the business, as it is the internal research but provide adequate information
regarding the reliability of the research.
Literature review
Researchers conducted the study to understand the theories that researchers adopt in
defining the adequate information regarding the business and management research and this
leads in providing information regarding the truth which is maintained in the study (Martin,

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Scott, & Thompson, 2017). The data collection was done by taking different opinions of the
researchers regarding the subject matter. From the analysis, it is revealed that the "critical
paradigm" is the adequate approach that supports in maintaining the scientific investigation and
provides more knowledge regarding the participants involved in the business research. This
describes that critical paradigm also maintains the balance between the power which seeks in
investigating the study (Iacobucci, 2016).
The objective of the study is to understand the theories which are used in the research,
therefore, the researchers mainly focus on business research. The data collection was done by
gathering information from the respondents (Goertzen, 2017). The analysis revealed that the
researchers adopt the theory of social constructionism. It is because research manages the
balance between the society and their influence on the business. In this, the researchers maintain
the truth of the research by investigating the internal and external factors under which the
business their operations to sustain in the competitive environment (Sovacool, Axsen, & Sorrell,
2018).
There are various theories and concepts of the research through which the research is
conducted in a highly effective manner; therefore research paradigm is the concept which is
mainly used by the researchers to maintain the validity of the researchers (Queirós, Faria, &
Almeida, 2017). From the analysis, this described that researchers used positivism theory by
including the axiology in the research because this supports in providing adequate information
regarding the proposed problem and support the researchers to involved in statistical analysis so
that scientific study is maintained by the researchers (Marx, Haunschild, & Bornmann, 2017).
From the investigation, it is revealed that realism is considered the most important
strategy because it supports the researchers to adopt two theories in the research that is direct
realism and critical realism. In this study, the perception of the individual is also taken into
consideration so that the final research regarding the subject matter and for the reason the
research is conducted is achieved (Wu, Thompson, Aroian, McQuaid, & Deatrick, 2016). In this
procedure the researchers involved in various investigations, this supports in describing all the
terms and procedures and supports in maintaining the truth of the study by involving all the
respondents which all are involved in the study (Symon, Cassell, & Johnson, 2018).

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The study also describes that the theory of epistemology supports the researchers to
maintain the validity in getting the answer of the research question, further researchers also
provide a similar answer and describes that the theories play an important role in achieving the
results of the research (Strauman, 2017). In this researchers further divided the results in
"positivism, realism and interpretivism". This leads to providing adequate information regarding
the feelings and attitudes of the employees towards the research. This provides adequate results
and supports in providing accurate information about the subject matter.
Case study
The researcher focuses on understanding the motivation level of the employees in the
organization. This is the business research because the case involved in finding the issues and
benefits which business face to understand the overall problem of the business (Khaldi, 2017).
Therefore, in this company, about 375 workers work because of medium company and it adopts
various strategies to manage the motivational level of the employees. Therefore, the case
provides adequate information regarding the perception and attitudes of the employees in the
company. The objective is defined, further researchers conduct background information
regarding the profits and turnover rates of the employees (Khaldi, 2017).
The company uses various strategies that are rewards and recognition strategy because
through this strategy employees feel highly satisfied to conduct their objective and other
strategies that are career development strategy. In this strategy, various facilities are provided to
the employees so that they can develop in the long run (Khaldi, 2017). The researchers also
provide information that the organization also focuses on conducting a regular meeting to
understand the feedback of the employees so that they feel satisfied in the business in the long
run. This also supports the employees to grow in the long run. However, still in this company
some employees performed at a higher level and others perform at a low level that does not meet
the objective at a satisfactory level.
Therefore the researchers perform the study to understand the motivation level of all the
employees so that it can define the problems and provide recommendations according to the
needs and requirements of the employees (Khaldi, 2017). In the present study, researchers focus
on selecting the methods which are considered adequate for the research because in this the

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attitude of the employees needs into consideration and it leads in providing adequate information
about the outcomes they give in the specified period.
Therefore, in this researchers adopted “Positivism research philosophy” by including the
concept of “Epistemology”. This supports the researchers in providing information regarding the
different perceptions of the employees. It also defines their motivation level through using the
primary research in this study the quantitative research is used. It is because the testing method is
used to define the validity of the information and it also adopts the principle of truth (Khaldi,
2017). Through, including the respondents in the study and taking their perception level and
adopting the testing method to test the validity of the study because of understanding the
different attitudes of the researchers.
The results of the study describe the reason for which the researchers conducted the
study, from the analysis it is revealed that researchers adopt the philosophy because of getting
the satisfaction level of the employees involved in the study (Khaldi, 2017). This also provides
the information regarding the feelings of each respondent and the outcomes they provided to the
organization and society. Therefore, it revealed that it considered the society, feelings and overall
outcomes of the organizations into consideration. In this, it also focuses on understanding the
domain of the research and provides in-depth information regarding the proposed problem.
Therefore, for combining it with the truth it is described that this theory described truth
and revealed that the company rewards the efficient employees but does not motivate and discuss
the problems with the workers who all do not work satisfactory (Khaldi, 2017) . Therefore, this
revealed that it describes the attitudes of the employees that why they do not perform, problems
of the organization that issues which give rise to the major problem and describe the results
related to the society which include that employees does not provide efficient services to the
customers which all are in the society.
Conclusion
From the above, it is revealed that in business and management research is conducted to
understand the issues and challenges faced by the business. In this researcher use various
research philosophies so that accuracy is maintained in the research. Further, various concepts

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are used by the researchers such as positivism and realism in which it include other concepts
such as epistemology, ontology and axiology. This is because it supports the researchers to
investigate the research by using testing method and to include the actions of the individual.
Therefore, the above studies revealed that researchers also use the theory of “critical paradigm”
and social constructionism” because of including the various factors in the research.
Furthermore, through identifying the case study it is revealed that the positivism approach is
considered highly effective approach to maintain validity in the information and to get accurate
data.

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