Comprehensive Report: Ethical Considerations and Decision-Making in IT

This report provides a comprehensive overview of ethical issues within the IT industry, focusing on challenges such as security breaches, data privacy concerns, and copyright infringement. It explores the importance of ethical decision-making, presenting a model with stages of analysis, prioritization, and decision. The report analyzes a case study involving an interactive web designer who faces ethical dilemmas related to contract breaches, copyright violations, and professional conduct. It examines the legal, professional, employment, social, personal, and intrinsic factors influencing the designer's actions, offering insights into how ethical considerations should guide professional behavior in the IT sector. The report also discusses the pressure on IT professionals and the importance of maintaining ethical standards to avoid conflicts of interest and ensure data security.

A Report
On
Social and Professional
Issues

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Ethical Issues related to IT industry
3. Ethical Decision Making
4. How ethical decision can be applied?
5. Conclusion
6. References

Introduction
The word "Ethical" alludes to the expert morals in which PC specialists apply codes of ethics and
benchmarks of good practice inside their calling. Moral utilization of PCs and systems include
reasonably utilization of programming, equipment and information. Ethical issues are an
imperative part of every IT industry as it gives an idea of relationship between creation and
association of useful data as well as it provides a brief of moral guidelines and codes
administering human conduct in the public arena. This report tells about the complex ethical
problems that arises in an IT industry and how it can be resolved using ethical decision making.
Ethical Issues related to IT industry
There are various ethical issues and challenges related to information technology. IT experts are
confronting real difficulties like protection of data, security of framework, copyright
infringement and different expanded digital wrongdoings. With the ongoing advancement in
innovation there is increment in number of escape clauses which are used by digital crooks to get
to the organizations IT frameworks. (Bainbridge, 2013) Truth to be told all the business and
associations are presently reliant on advanced system and these ventures are at a danger of
turning into a digital injured individual. Here, I have listed a portion of the complex ethical
challenges of IT industry. (Ramey, 2012)
A. Security: With several hacking tools like SQL injection for hacking websites
cyberpunks are breaching into the system and collecting gathering secret data for
egotistical reasons. Companies use internet cookies to manipulate which products and
services they can sell and this has led to the risk of conflicting interests and fraud.

(Sravani, Shoba and Ahammad, 2016) One of the precedents incorporates web based
financial innovation where cookies can be used to impersonate the user and access the
desired bank details which can be fatal to both bank and the client.
B. Privacy: Protection is presumably the most broadly examined ethical issue. As
the innovation has empowered us to explore pertinent data on the web. Likewise, it has
taken advantage of our privacy. (Goyal and Joshi, 2011)Their such a significant number
of ways our privacy is misused, it can be utilization of web cams in which hackers can
turn on any webcam of any PC and they can approach the industry without their consent,
numerous industries have faced this issue and lost their privacy. Imitators use this
information for wrong intentions and exploit the company’s reputation.
C. Copyright transgression:
IT services has made it simple for customers to get to any information or relic at some
arbitrary time. With the ongoing advancement of different web based life systems and
depiction sharing destinations, various one of a kind creators of these works are losing
the first informativeness of their works, since customers of IT can without quite a bit of a
stretch get passageway and offer that data with friends. Many free music record
downloading sites are jumping up on web every day, heaps of one of a kind work like
music accumulations, books , are being downloaded free of cost. There is only is one
genuine buyer who purchases software, music, and book and uploads it to free webpage
where others have the privilege of downloading it for free. It’s an uplifting news for free
users while loss to real creator.

D. Pressure mounted on IT experts
As big industries which rely on information technology often runs all the time, pressure is
there on professionals to handle the security and accuracy of their system to avoid any
serious breach of ransomware. Professionals have to operate 24 hours to cater any IT
related issues, these puts stress on them and ultimately results in imperfection in their
work.
Ethical Decision Making
Ethical decision-making (EDM) in human research includes reacting to an issue including
different, regularly contending, objectives and thought processes. (Werhane, 2002) The chief
must assess the viability of elective blueprints in connection to the moral and expert gauges of
their field. The multifaceted nature of EDM makes it a troublesome marvel to think about
observationally in field settings; consequently we have utilized pretending in a research facility
for this underlying investigation of the job of forecasting in EDM. An issue is a mind boggling
issue for which there is no undeniable arrangement. An answer exists, yet is darkened by the
multifaceted nature. Sound judgment would recommend that the best approach to manage an
unpredictable issue is to disentangle it. (Weedmark, 2018) You can do this by breaking it down
into increasingly fathomable pieces. Here we plot the Ethical Decision Model (EDM), a
universally useful model for dissecting complex circumstances to uncover ideal solution(s), ones
that may be portrayed as ethical, and be shielded all things considered. (Sargolzaei and
Nikbakht, 2017)
The model has three principle stages; analysis, prioritization, decision.

a. Analysis is getting the realities and classifying them into outward factors
(legitimate, proficient, work, social, and individual) and natural (an individual's singular
qualities).
b. Prioritization includes positioning the components into request of significance by
methods for a need table.
c. A Decision is made by sanely weighing up the overall significance of the
components. (Mason, 2017)
No two individuals who approach a perplexing circumstance will see the different components
the equivalent. Their observations are sifted through the perspective of their own involvement
also, inherent predisposition. The exact idea of what achieves their psychological focus will be
diverse for each individual and will much vary for a similar individual on various events.
Applying the characterized procedure of the EDM expels the subjectivity from the circumstance
and gives us a goal, process‐based way to deal with the explaining of moral problems. (Quinn,
2010)
How Ethical Decision-Making (EDM) can be applied (based on the case study)
Luke Vandenberg an interactive web designer from Altiora university worked for TT
INTERACTIVE for one year and then changed his company named Tangential where he got an
opportunity to do the same work which he had done while in TT INTERACTIVE. In present
company he used the same work which he had done in previous company. Ethical Issues which
aroused due to his work:

1. Legal factors
Contract Breach: For the situation ponder; Luke Vandenberg did some work experience
for TT INTERACTIVE chipping away at the Altiora web-based interface venture. Luke
Vandenberg had marked an agreement with TT INTERACTIVE which expressed that he
was not to expel any licensed innovation off‐site without the communicated authorization
of the TT chief. Be that as it may, Luke made off‐line reinforcements. This is a lawful
factor since there are Australian laws which administer contracts.
Copyright infringement: In the contextual investigation, Luke had been working at a
second organization, Tangential Software. Luke was chipping away at a web-based
interface venture like the one he had taken a shot at with TT INTERACTIVE however
for Charleston specialized college. Luke utilized the work from the Altiora venture and
changed it externally, viably replicating the work he and others had taken a shot at TT
Intuitive. This is a legitimate factor in light of the fact that the work Luke utilized was not
his own. This is a rupture of Australian copyright law.
2. Professional Factors
Proficient Contract Obligations: Luke Vandenberg, as shown before, has ruptured his
agreement with TT INTERACTIVE. This is not just a legal factor but a further expert
factor as expressed in the code of proficiency and expert practice of the Australian PC
company.
Proficient Confidentiality: Luke replicated the licensed innovation of his past boss, TT
INTERACTIVE without consent. Replicating the Altiora venture is an expert factor just
as a lawful one as is expressed in the Australian PC Society's implicit rules.

3. Employment and Social Issues
Luke deceived TT INTERACTIVE: As referenced Luke duplicated the Altiora online
interface he dealt with at TT INTERACTIVE and utilized it in a comparable undertaking
for opponent organization Tangential programming. Society dislikes con artists and
hoodlums. By duplicating the Altiora venture without crediting TT INTERACTIVE,
Luke viably stole the undertaking and tricked TT INTERACTIVE and its representatives.
Luke Vandenberg is an individual from society; he ought to have added to society.
Rather, Luke carried on like a parasite, assuming without giving acknowledgment or
offering back to the association he was at one time a piece of.
Luke was dealt with ineffectively at TT INTERACTIVE: Luke had to bump long and
hard hours while working at TT INTERACTIVE. Luke had a mixture of sentiments about
his time at TT INTERACTIVE; he had a great experience, but he felt that his lowest pay
allowed by law hammered him off. Luke was getting great experience. Luke's lower pay
was permitted to be paid inefficiently. TT INTERACTIVE worked hard on Luke, which
could have made Luke feel mistreated. This is a social factor since most people in the
public eye despise those who mistreat them or remove their opportunity. Society is
abhorred by threats such as TT INTERACTIVE.
Luke Broke a Promise: Luke marked an agreement with TT INTERACTIVE, promising
not to make off‐site reinforcements without consent from the TT chief. Luke ruptured
this agreement by making off‐site reinforcements. This is a social factor since society by
and large dislikes it when individuals break guarantees. For instance when an
administration party guarantees to bring down expenses and does not convey on the
guarantee, individuals in the public eye become angry towards gathering.

Lukeʹs supervisor constrained him: Luke's manager at Tangential requested that he utilize
whatever he had gained from the past undertaking. Luke felt that his supervisor's way
was odd. This was on the grounds that the supervisor thought about Luke's duplicate of
the Altiora online interface venture and was recommending that Luke duplicate this work
for the new Tangential web-based interface venture. This is a work factor since Luke's
manager recommended he partake in an un‐ proficient act. The Ethical Technologist 95
Luke was deluded Luke was informed that there would likely be a spot for him at TT
INTERACTIVE after he completed his college degree anyway TT INTERACTIVE did
not have a spot for him. This is a work factor in light of the fact that the association, TT
INTERACTIVE may have baffled Luke.
Luke submitted counterfeiting: Luke submitted literary theft by duplicating the Altiora
web-based interface venture without offering credit to TT INTERACTIVE, the legitimate
proprietor and in this manner submitted copyright infringement. This is an individual
factor since Luke's own condition was once at Altiora University and colleges are
exacting on unoriginality.
4. Personal Factors
Luke was from the I.T. foundation: during the time he worked on TT INTERACTIVE,
Luke made off-site duplicates of Altiora's web-based interface company. Also he said to
himself, "Why re-examine the whee?" when Luke copied the web-based interface of TT
INTERACTIVE, because they came from the data innovation foundation in Luke. This is
very similar to home components.

Luke's manager at Tangential advised Luke unpretentiously to duplicate what he could
from the online interface venture of TT INTERACTIVE. Since Luke's manager
connected companion weight to Luke, this is an individual factor. It is a component of
Luke’s online interface project duplicates TT INTERACTIVE.
5. Intrinsic Factors
Luke's own increase: Luke needed the new task with Tangential to go effectively as this
may prompt Luke excelling in the business. Luke desired to open his own studio with
expectations of winning enough cash so, he and his better half could move into a bigger
home. This is an individual factor since it is the thing that spurred Luke to duplicate TT
INTERACTIVE's Altiora online interface venture.
Luke was a sheltered individual: he was a commonly protected individual. This is the
reason why he has been able to make the Altiora web-based interface strengthenings off-
line. This is a naturally occurring factor because it concerns Luke's very own meetings
and is a part of his individual identity.
Luke's emotions are mingled towards TT INTERACTIVE: This is a characteristic factor
because it is Luke's meeting with his own work, and Luke might have felt contrarious
towards TT INTERACTIVE because of that. Luke has a mixture of sentiments about
working at TT INTERACTIVE.
Conclusion
In the era of Information technology, IT has moved toward becoming extraordinary in
each part of organizations. Development in IT industry has conveyed numerous moral

issues from security to protection or copyright encroachment of organizations everything
should be redressed. Along these lines, the moral issues which we examined above have
affected a lot in creating a revolution in global communication.

References
Bainbridge, W.S. ed., (2013) Converging technologies for improving human performance:
Nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Goyal, K.A. and Joshi, V., (2011) A study of social and ethical issues in banking
industry. International Journal of Economics and Research, 2(5), pp.49-57.
Mason, R.O., (2017) Four ethical issues of the information age. In Computer Ethics (pp. 41-48).
Routledge..
Quinn, M.J., (2010) Ethics for the information age. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Ramey. K. (2012) 5 Ethical Challenges of Information Technology - Use of Technology. [online]
Available at: https://www.useoftechnology.com/5-ethical-challenges-information-technology/
[Accessed 25 Apr. 2019].
Sargolzaei, E., Nikbakht, M., (2017) The Ethical and Social Issues of Information Technology.
[Online] Available at:
https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume8No10/Paper_19The_Ethical_and_Social_Issues_of_Infor
mation_Technology.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr. 2019].
Sravani, M., Shoba M., Ahammad, S., (2016) ETHICAL ISSUES OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA. [online] Available at: http://publications.anveshanaindia.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/01/ETHICAL-ISSUES-OF-INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY-IN-INDIA.pdf
[Accessed 25 Apr. 2019].