Business Ethics: Analyzing a Case Study on Ethical Dilemmas

This essay addresses an ethical dilemma within the business sector, specifically focusing on misleading packaging practices. It uses a fairness cream example to illustrate the issue and then applies Virtue Ethics Theory, emphasizing morality and virtue in business conduct, and Agency Theory, which explains the relationship between principals and administrators, to analyze the dilemma. The essay also proposes potential solutions, including correcting unfair commercial exercise instructions, establishing a database for customer information, creating EN-Standards for packaging, and modifying the Unit Prices Directive. Furthermore, the essay briefly analyzes character profiles from a case study, assessing their ethical standpoints based on Kohlberg's standards and integrity ethics. This document, available on Desklib, provides students with a detailed analysis of ethical considerations in business and potential strategies for resolution.

Running head: BUSINESS RELATED ETHICAL DILEMMA
Business Related Ethical Dilemma
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Part- A:
Packaging is not only just a container which provides protection to a product. In
maximum cases this represents the identity of the particular brand, as such; this is an extremely
strong weapon in the current battle for the customers. Some brands trying to mislead the
potential buyers by packaging and pressure the consumers to buy something which they may not
have any need. Sometimes companies use the labels that clearly mislead the customers. They
provide such information which is not true or is extremely exaggerated. Labels which display the
information regarding nutrition including cholesterol free, low fat, 100% pure juice and fat free
are some common examples (Slade & Prinsloo, 2013). If someone think of milk which is free of
fat for instance, one may think there are no calories in there whatsoever, when in fact that is not
the case. On another side, when the brands use images in packaging, they have the propensity to
create every visual more attractive than they literally are. When the inconsistency between the
picture and the original thing is huge, customers might end up being deceived. In addition few
small brands and some store brands try to emulate the way big brands package their products
while vending discount products, frequently leading to downhearted customers. Flourishing on
the success of habitat friendly products, several brands level the products “green”, when in fact
the product itself frequently does not stick to the same standards (Sjoekoer & Yazdanifard,
2015). For example, degradable waste bags literally remain accurate for decades in a landfill,
while lots of biodegradable packaging is gone in matter of days. Moreover, labelling and
packaging produce lots of surplus waste that gets hurl out once the customer has acquired the
product. According to customer affiliations clients are neither clueless nor particularly aware of
deceiving packaging practices. The power of care, in any case, isn't clear. In addition, it may be
contemplated that buyers are hoodwinked by the packaging practices in questions (Parıltı,

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Demirgüneş & Özsaçmacı, 2014). One of such misleading packaging is done by a famous
Fairness cream. The box of the product portrays a woman’s face whose complexion is dark, and
after applying that cream on her face she gets a brighter skin. This kind of packaging is totally
misleading and unethical. The company is showing that fair complexion is more acceptable in
our society than a person having dark complexion. Along with a misleading issue, this brand is
also generating a racial issue with this type of images on the box.
Above mentioned dilemma can be justified by using the Virtue Ethics Theory. Virtue
ethics is at exhibit one of three critical approaches in regularizing ethics. It may, at first, be
perceived as the one that highlights the beliefs, or great character, instead of the approach that
anxieties commitments or rules (deontology) or that underscores the results of exercises
(consequentialism). Accept obviously some person in require should be had any kind of effect
(Hursthouse, 2013). An utilitarian will point to the manner in which that the consequences of
doing thusly will enhance thriving, a deontologist to the route that, in doing all things considered
the administrator will go about according to a moral administer, for instance, do until others as
you would be done by and a honorableness ethicist to the process that serving the individual
would be useful or obliging. A virtue is a brilliant nature of disposition. It is an air, particularly
settled in its proprietor something like that, as we say, gets it done down, not under any condition
like a tendency, for an instance, being a tea-purchaser—to see, imagine, respect, perceive,
require, pick, react, and respond in definite trademark ways. To have tolerability is to be a certain
kind of discrete with a particular complex point of view. An essential bit of this state of mind is
the wholehearted certification of a particular degree of examinations as elucidations behind
activity (PARILTI, KÜLTER & ÖZSAÇMACI, 2014). A sensible individual cannot be seen
essentially as one who, for example, hones valid supervising and does not trick. In the

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occurrence that such activities are done in light of the reality that the master visualizes that
unwavering quality is the best type of approach, or in light of the way that they panic being
gotten out, as opposed to through observing "To improve the situation the most part would be
exploitative" while the germane cause, they are not the ventures of a certified personnel. A true
blue person cannot be seen essentially as one who, for example, admits all since it is actuality,
for someone can have the decency of trustworthiness not being lumbering or rash. The honest to
goodness singular sees "That would not be a truth" as a concrete (at any rate maybe not
superseding) motive for not propelling obvious verbalizations specifically state, and gives
required, yet not disavowing, weight to "That would be actuality" as an illumination beyond
making them (Van, 2014). A genuine person's causes and choices with respect to reasonable and
deceitful exercises reflect her points of view about validity, truth, and deceiving—clearly such
viewpoints show themselves concerning distinctive exercises, and to eager reactions as well.
Regarding reliability as they do, they pick, where possible to work with honest to goodness
people, to have honest to goodness mates, to raise their adolescents obviously (Shaw & Barry,
2015). People restricts, hates, laments misdirection, is not occupied by particular stories of
deceitfulness, hates or perceives frustrated about the people who win by cunning instead of
assuming they have been brilliant, is unsurprised, or fulfilled when validity conquests, is
paralyzed or vexed when those valuable to them do what is corrupt and whatnot. This virtue
theory emphasizes the morality and virtue of any individual or organization. Now, companies are
misleading with their packaging and forcing the consumers to buy such products which they do
not have any need. In addition, companies are also misleading their customers by doing
misleading labeling. This is a matter of ethics, this can be recognizing as an ethical dilemma in a
business sector.

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Agency theory can also help to just this ethical dilemma. The agency theory is a
supposition that clears up the association among principals and administrators in business. This
is a management and monetary theorem that endeavours to elucidate connections and self-
enthusiasm for trade associations (Pepper & Gore, 2015). It represents the link between operators
and designation of authority. It reveals how best to create link ups in which one gathering
(important) resolves the work and which another gathering (operator) executes or settles on
options in the attentiveness of the central. Association theorem is stressed over settling issues
that can exist in office associations due to unaligned targets or differing revulsion levels to risk.
Agency theory reveals how to finest orchestrate organizations in which one public affair chooses
the job while another gathering makes each salient stride. In this correlation, the preeminent
contracts a pro to make each important stride, or to play out a task the focal cannot or reluctant to
do (Vaughn, 2015). For instance, in organizations, the chiefs are the explorers of an organization,
appointing to the authority, for instance the company of the association, to execute errands for
their advantage. This theory expects both the chief and the administrator are propelled free from
any other person interest. In this way, if the two social instances are roused free from any other
individual interest, specialists are most likely going to watch for after self-charmed focuses on
that veer off and even disagreement with the targets of the key (Namazi, 2013). Be that as it may,
experts should react in the sole exhilaration of their principals. The most surely understood office
relationship in subsidize occurs among speculators and companions authorities. Agency theory
tends to issues that develop due to contrasts between the goals or needs between the vital and
pro. This situation may occur because the key doesn't think about the exercises of the pro or is
refused by resources from picking up the information. Hence, the misleading packaging is
completely relatable with this theory.

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Misleading packaging is considered as an ethical dilemma in business and must attract
some solutions. First of all there is a need of correction of the unfair commercial exercise
instruction. Deceiving packaging practices could be united into the boycott of the Unfair
Commercial Practices Directive. This would keep the issues of elucidation and particularly of
proof. Regardless, bundling serves totally different cut-off points and necessities to meet
distinctive prerequisites relying on the bundled thing. Likewise, clients' needs in relationship
with the bundling of a thing contrast subordinate upon the thing. Deceiving packaging, in this
manner, is a to an extraordinary degree broad term requiring further illumination (Rundh, 2013).
Second thing which is a must need is setting up a database. A database can serve different limits.
It can from one perspective outfit customers with information on their rights, on misdirecting
packaging sharpens which may be discovered accessible and on new genuine and market
progressions. It arranges the customers into the enlightening methodology calling for
affectability by e.g. itemizing misleading packaging takes a shot at, sending photos
independently account affirmation. In addition, such a database empowers the producers to enter
a trade with the clients. Creators would have the probability to elucidate their packaging practice
if the preparation is pushed in any respect. EN-Standards for packaging is another essential
solution to this ethical packaging dilemma. Another probability to meet the issue of deceiving
bundling practices could in like way be to besides make EN-Standards for bundling. EN-
Standards are statutes, fundamentals or definitions that are made by Standardization Committees.
These models are made in three stages: (1) Initially, there is an open enquiry, (2) trailed by
weighted vote by CEN national individuals and (3) at long last the checks are grasped and
reported at the national level (Woźniczka, 2016). It is an additional decent position that the
necessities are not set everlastingly and can be instantly associated with take auxiliary offering

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changes. These statutes or principles, in this way, are to an awesome degree adaptable. Another
essential solution to this dilemma is alteration of the Unit Prices Directive. Locales, case law,
open proclamation examination and the reviews answered by purchaser affiliations revealed that
the Unit Prices Directive can fill in as a steady measure. Regardless, the game plans are either
not or not precisely get under way or esteem sign is unintelligible or put to a great degree
clumsy, particularly for particular social occasions of clients. This makes the plans of the Price
Indication Directive, which on an essential level are greatly profitable, deficient.
Part- B:
Appendix- A:
In particular, Mike is a substantial person and practical due to being a working individual
from the Greenpeace. Mike has comprehension and also holds a vitality for the matter, as Mike
has worked with understudies at a business institute for different times he was most proper to
contrast with the suggested question. He assumed that the association has affected his young lady
to bear on the method in which she is and already she hates that. The main conflict Mike had was
with Deshi, in Mike's opinion Deshi was an undeniable depiction of all that he thought wasn't
right with understudies at display day business institutions. As a result of this, the matter would
put Mike at organize 6 of the Kohlberg's standards of good headway since he has confidence in
regards to the regard of every person, basic class for all and treating individual well.
Jan is seen as a non- substantial person who goes about according to uprightness ethics. A
morals ethics highlight's the way that helping a man would be generous or charitable. This is
attested as Jan has given 1020 days towards unselfish works consolidating giving enlightening
workplaces in Guatemela, and compensating her money related authorities. In perspective of this

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is suggests she has less shot of making a high ROI for the speculators. Nevertheless, for this
circumstance the amount of financial specialists is irrelevant in this way it would derive they are
not scanning for fast and high Return of Interests. Consequently Jan could be put at arrange 5 in
the Kohlberg's model, as she keeps up benefits of people, characteristics and agreements of
association that are more upset. Along these lines Jan would concur with Mike in this way would
battle against the discourse, as this lady is an outline that moral organization is feasible in a
financial specialist attentive economy.
Mei-Hua is moreover contemplated as a non-substantial person, who is put under morals
of commitment due to going about as necessities be paying little notice to the colossal or
horrendous outcomes that could be made. Mei-Hua has gotten the most input out of the parts as a
result of her exercises which were yet legitimate yet were corrupt. In spite of the way that she
acknowledges unequivocally in the ethical verifiable standards and would require the business
school to shoulder on indicating ethics she is related with survey avoiding plans. Mei-Hua agreed
with the development as in her fundamental focus of the trade was to provide advantage herself
and this was comprehensible verification inside the talk with the cost assemblage of confirmation
brought against her and the association she worked for. Notwithstanding the way that financial
specialists would recognize her for this as advantage would more likely than not increase and
what's more her remuneration. Her exercises don't fit in with Kant's three maxims as she has
embraced a self-retained methodology towards her decision. In this way, Mei-Hua would be put
at mastermind 3 of the model in view of fulfilling what is ordinary by her colleagues. Thusly she
would battle against the discourse as she has confidence in ethics, in any case fails to display it.
Ultimately, Deshi needs to seek after his wants and self-intrigued of beginning a
profession and a family making him a prideful person. Connecting into Adam Smith's hypothesis

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of riches looking for persuades as he is seeking after his own advantages. Therefore, he would be
put at organize 2 of the imitation.
To close, I assume that the ethical activity is feasible in a speculator attentive economy. I
would express that matter a nobility moral initiative approach would be most unmistakable to
encourage the dialog, as people can speak to the flourishing of financial specialists and rest
accomplice social events, for instance, customers, philanthropies and Governments et cetera.
Appendix- B:
Borries was in difficulty as he needed to pick drop occasion or go according to design. As
one of this venture had presented to dispatch. What's more, on the off chance that he drop the
occasion and need to sit tight for one more year because of the way that her better half is right
now returning for thinks about after the occasion. In any case, based on this Borries have the
obligation to complete his undertaking from the beginning. We can utilize this sort of approach
as Non-Substantial person under the Deontology which require the specialist to complete
whatsoever occupation is attempted, and the foundation looking into the issue ponder he is that
sort of individual which tune in to all occasion and the organization repaid his expenses in full.
For the occurrence of Swee Ian moral issues was she has the possibility to familiarize
Borries with her parent since they were all at Hong Kong and she will return Germany to give
her examination after that event. Regardless, bleak to express that her aspiration was transitory.
After he got warning from Borries that they have to sit tight for one more year for the work. Well
base for the circumstance contemplate I can state Swee Ian utilize a ladies' extremist method to
manage this issues as she extremely sensible to dispense with this case. In any case, in all

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likelihood the watchmen will be vexed. In any case, if Swee Ian will recognize bossies as future
mate than she have to make sense of how to adjust to this type of condition and moreover an
experiment to their relationship. Meeting watchmen ought to be conceivable alternate time after
she had finished her examination.
Borries was anticipating that Marcus will figure the identical as he does. Nevertheless,
wind up being something different. Non-Substantial Ethics on Right and Justice can be utilized
on Marcus. He unequivocally perceives that he should continue with configuration event and not
to threaten the relation with Swee Ian. The administrator can re-consigned this undertaking to
different individual in the association. I trust Marcus is up to some particular thing no awesome
in his sleeve.
As a rule I feel that to deal with this kind of issue isn't that essential, in reality. Mainly
when you were gotten amidst calling and also relationship. Favored that for Borries instance
Swee Ian particularly got a handle on as she organized place herself in his shoe when back off
out in the middle. Why I told that in light of the fact that in case she is unrealizable she had make
issue with Borries by can't resist negating him drop the event and request the game plan to
continue. Concerning this buddy Marcus was astoundingly baffled with the process in which he
tackles this case. He did not discover in a significantly broader image to this problem as will
Borries stray his action or not. He should made approach thusly stating, I figure you should drop
the leave and complete the movement and your sweetheart will appreciate as you have to play
out your commitment if not will stray the action a most detectably terrible no money to set
something aside for upcoming weeding plan. Therefore, at any rate Borries did hear this will
perceive unfathomably enhanced than the present that you will hazard the relation and do not
drop the event.

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On the opposite hand, the supervisor ought to have reinforcement on the whole venture
which the organization account official doing particularly on venture base trade. Regularly
venture base occupation will refresh every related data flawless. Here the organization is over
intensely depended on people.
Appendix- C:
I feel that doing work in a gathering is pleasure and will making an extensive measure of
intriguing idea in transit and besides make new sidekick with the objective that it help in my
errand and moreover, everything considered, trading world. Since my casual system will be
extend in the participation, and besides depends on the exchange with partner can see every
character have assorted view point particularly with the significant lots of operating foundation
and moreover age most of the time play a fundamental perspective. Delineation like one of our
partner I saw he extremely energetic and the mentality is different when looking an answer it
shows up he doesn't what the request is asking as maybe his English level isn't that awesome
appear differently in relation to the next associate. Whatever I found that they take an interest as
year 2 understudies from the school and as for me is year 3, along these lines the level of
cognizance is unprecedented. I even have associate which was a housewife and I was astonished
that among of work she put in was mind blowing. I can see the obligation which had been set in
can tell. Case for all the relevant investigation which we have, she without miss the mark will do
it ahead of time and was incredible. As for me I can expect the piece of speaker as in the midst of
my affirmation and pushed acknowledgment time I use to do presentation and this will help me
with boosting my conviction level. The way in which I saw with the other associate shows up

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have some stage savage. As I earnestly assume that at this standard should counter the stage
problem and be conviction sufficient to fight back.
References:
Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics. ETHICA, 645.
Namazi, M. (2013). Role of the agency theory in implementing managements control. Journal of
Accounting and taxation, 5(2), 38-47.
Parıltı, N., Demirgüneş, B. K., & Özsaçmacı, B. (2014). Ethical Issues in Marketing: An
Application For Understanding Ethical Decision Making. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Dergisi, 36(2), 275-298.
PARILTI, N., KÜLTER DEMİRGÜNEŞ, B., & ÖZSAÇMACI, B. (2014). Ethıcal ıssues ın
marketıng: An applıcatıon for understandıng ethıcal decısıon makıng.
Pepper, A., & Gore, J. (2015). Behavioral agency theory: New foundations for theorizing about
executive compensation. Journal of management, 41(4), 1045-1068.
Rundh, B. (2013). Linking packaging to marketing: how packaging is influencing the marketing
strategy. British Food Journal, 115(11), 1547-1563.
Shaw, W. H., & Barry, V. (2015). Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning.
Sjoekoer, B. S., & Yazdanifard, R. A Review of Ethical Pitfalls in Marketing and Probable
Solutions.