Ethical Reasoning in Practice: Autonomy, Justice & Negotiation

This essay delves into the core principles of ethical reasoning, focusing on autonomy, justice, perception, and framing within negotiation contexts. Autonomy is defined as individual self-governance, emphasizing independence from external interference and internal constraints. Justice is explored as the equitable treatment of individuals, highlighting concerns related to social welfare and equal opportunity. The essay further discusses perception as a sense-making process that can be influenced by individual states of mind, potentially leading to misinterpretations in communication. Framing is examined as a critical factor in negotiations, shaping how individuals perceive and comprehend their surroundings, with an emphasis on cognitive heuristics and behavioral patterns. The essay concludes by referencing key studies in conflict management and negotiation research, providing a comprehensive overview of ethical considerations in various scenarios. Desklib offers this essay and many other resources to aid students in their studies.

Running head: ETHICAL REASONING
ETHICAL REASONING
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1ETHICAL REASONING
Answer 1
The term ‘Autonomy’ in the Principle of Autonomy is regarded as an individualistic rule of the
self which is independent from both regulating interferences by the others as well as from the
domains of personal constraints which tend to prevent comprehensive as well as significant
preferences. It has further been observed that autonomous individuals tend to act in a planned
and determined manner with comprehensive understanding and devoid of any controlling forms
of influences (Mikesell, Bromley & Khodyakov, 2013). This concept further implies that
individual in certain areas of their lives must exhibit proper competence and right of developing
a self-governing characteristic within himself. For instance, in the recent past I have proficiently
promoted learning autonomy and independence at every vital stage of out learning in college.
Being proficiently acknowledging self-rule I have fundamentally connoted the understanding of
autonomous action and freedom to choose the areas of subject where we exhibit greater degree
of inclination.
The Principle of Justice fundamentally acknowledges the idea that equals in the society
must be treated in justifiable manner unless there can be witnessed any relevant justification to
treat any individual in a prejudiced way (Jacob, Decker & Lugg, 2016). The idea of justice
however, underlies certain areas of concern related to social welfare. For example, being
involved in academics I have often been actively participative in spreading knowledge which
aims to empower other individuals in my surrounding whether it is through verbal
communication of through social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.
Answer 2

2ETHICAL REASONING
Perception is regarded as a process by which individuals connect to their surroundings. In
generalized terms the meaning of perception is identified as a sense making procedure whereby
individuals tend to interpret their environment in order to act responsive in an appropriate
manner (Caputo, 2013). However as perception tends to depend on the current state of mind of
the perceiver, role and understanding, thus there can be witnessed certain forms of
misinterpretation in the subsequent process of communication.
Perception of the other party in any negotiation process serves a significant role. However
in order to successfully establish a negotiation an individual needs to develop the comprehensive
understanding of the background of the other party in relation to factors related to ethnicity,
cultural aspects, gender and the style or behavior patterns in which they tend to perceive the
world (Chambers & De Dreu, 2014).
An instance of this process can be related to an experience which I have encountered
whereby I have developed a wrong perception about one of my classmates and his way of
perceiving things which has further led me to involve in a conflicting situation.
Answer 3
The term frame usually is referred to the way individuals tend to perceive as well as
comprehend the characteristics of their surroundings. Framing thus is considered to be
unavoidable as most of the individuals tend to interpret characteristics of the world specifically
surroundings and tend to emphasize on knowledge which is available to them (Chambers & De
Dreu, 2014). Thus, framing is regarded as a critical factor of any forms of negotiations or
conflicting situations.

3ETHICAL REASONING
Furthermore aspects of framing is significantly recognized as conceptualizations of issues
or as variety of which tend to aid the way through which these experiences are being
comprehended. However, in negotiation or conflicting research, two vital approaches to framing
have been identified which claim to be pre-dominant and significant (Greer & Bendersky, 2013).
The first approach develops from a cognitive heuristics stand point whereby it applies the frame
construct to interpret the gaps of rationality which disputants tend to create in any negotiation
process (Caputo, 2013). However the second approach purposes to interpret behavioral patterns
of negotiations initially by categorizing frames which are exposed through negotiator
communication and further determining the way utilization of specific frame types tend to
influence the conflicts or negotiation process and its consequences.

4ETHICAL REASONING
References
Caputo, A. (2013). A literature review of cognitive biases in negotiation processes. International
Journal of Conflict Management, 24(4), 374-398.
Chambers, J. R., & De Dreu, C. K. (2014). Egocentrism drives misunderstanding in conflict and
negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 15-26.
Greer, L., & Bendersky, C. (2013). Power and status in conflict and negotiation research:
Introduction to the special issue. Negotiation and conflict management research, 6(4),
239-252.
Jacob, S., Decker, D. M., & Lugg, E. T. (2016). Ethics and law for school psychologists. John
Wiley & Sons.
Mikesell, L., Bromley, E., & Khodyakov, D. (2013). Ethical community-engaged research: a
literature review. American journal of public health, 103(12), e7-e14.