Report: Ethical and Governance Challenges in Vanuatu Tourism

This report delves into the ethical and governing issues affecting the tourism sector in Vanuatu, primarily focusing on challenges faced by local communities. It identifies primary ethical concerns, such as inadequate infrastructure (lack of toilets, electricity, and water), and the absence of sufficient capital for business development, which impact the well-being of residents. The report also highlights governing issues, including the lack of effective policies and corruption. It evaluates the ethical conduct of PO Journeys, assesses responsibilities for resolving the identified problems, and proposes solutions that the Australian and Vanuatu governments could implement, such as minimum wage laws, social security, and negative income tax. The report further recommends strategies for future improvements, including health awareness programs, public toilet development, and improved utility management to enhance tourism and the quality of life for the people of Vanuatu. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues to foster sustainable tourism growth.

Running Head: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
Hospitality and tourism

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Identify and discuss the prime ethical and governing issues presented in the Vanuatu’s
Broken Dream video..................................................................................................................2
Primary ethical issues.............................................................................................................2
Governing Issues....................................................................................................................3
Did PO Journeys act ethically in this case? Justify your answer...............................................3
Who should be responsible for resolving issued that you have identified? Why? Explain your
reasoning....................................................................................................................................3
Discuss how Australian and/or Vanuatu’s governments could have resolved identified issues.
Justify your answer....................................................................................................................4
Minimum wage laws..............................................................................................................4
Social Security........................................................................................................................4
Negative income tax...............................................................................................................5
Recommendations to overcome such issues in the future..........................................................5
Health awareness programme.................................................................................................5
Development of public toilet..................................................................................................5
Electrical and water supply management...............................................................................6
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
This report presents the prime ethical and governing issues of Island. It also discusses the
people who are responsible for resolving the issues that are faced by people of Island.
Additionally, it defines the critical evaluation of PO journey act. It also presents the ways by
which an Australian government can resolve the issues. This report shows the
recommendation to overcome the issues in less time with an appropriate manner.
Identify and discuss the prime ethical and governing issues presented in the Vanuatu’s
Broken Dream video
The farmers of Vanuatu generally face some ethical and governing problems, which may
affect the travel and tourism sector. There are two kinds of problem that may be faced by the
people of Vanuatu named ethical and governing issues. The primary ethical issues include
different factors such as health, electricity, water, public toilet, and capital issues. Besides
this, the governing issues involve lack of policies establishment, and lack of monitoring and
implementation of policies (Buhalis, et al., 2013). These are discussed as below:
Primary ethical issues
The ethical issues of Vanuatu people are that they do not have inadequate amount of capital
to promote the tourism. Further, people do not have enough capital to start their own
business, which creates the problem for residential to meet their basic needs. In addition, it is
also addressed that both farmers and people of Island earn more at the time of tourism. It is
supportive to fulfill their basic needs in an appropriate manner. Additionally, hospitality
community has maintained toilet only for the tourist, which is also a major issue for the
residential people.
Moreover, the residential people have faced some issues such as health issues, electricity, and
water issues. The people have not toilet in their home, which is created the health issues in
Vanuatu. The lack of electricity and water is also a major issue for the people. The lack of

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electricity can create the issue to appropriately complete the work of people. At the same
time, lack of pure water can also create the health issues in Vanuatu. Furthermore, people
have expected to the communities and government that they can provide the facility to local
people regarding the health issues, electricity, and water because these are the major issues
that have faced by themselves (Ye, et al., 2013).
Governing Issues
The government has not initiated to overcome the issues, which is a major problem for the
Vanuatu people. The government bodies have not made any kind of policies regarding the
problems of people, which can create the dissatisfactory among the farmers. Retrieved from
the video, it is analyzed that corruption is also a major issue that may be declined by the
standard of living and increase the poverty. Therefore, the government has tried to make
reliable policies to overcome the issues of people.
Did PO Journeys act ethically in this case? Justify your answer
The PO Journeys act can be ethical in this case because it offers the safety and security to the
tourist. Additionally, it can be said that the PO journeys act make a contract with tourist
before start the tourism in Vanuatu. This contract is based on the safety and security to the
tourist. So, it can be said that PO journey act could be appropriate in point of safety and
security in tourism sector (Mok, et al., 2013).
Who should be responsible for resolving issues that you have identified? Why? Explain
your reasoning
The government body should responsible for resolving the identified issues because the
identified problem will be needed a huge amount of cash, which is not arranged by the people
appropriately. In additionally, government bodies enjoy their luxury life rather than focusing
on solving the poverty issues, which will create a major problem to people of Vanuatu. At the
same time, it can be said that the government can provide the toilet, which is significant to

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overcome the health issues of people in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, electricity and
water issues only can overcome by the effort of government. So, if the government can make
effort regarding the problem then it can be easily eliminated the issue from the Vanuatu
(Schuckert, et al., 2015).
In addition, the government can also appoint the government bodies in Vanuatu to mitigate
the corruption issues, which can improve the level of poverty. At the same time, it can be said
the lack of involvement of government bodies can create the problem of poverty in Vanuatu.
Discuss how Australian and/or Vanuatu’s governments could have resolved identified
issues. Justify your answer
There are certain strategies by which the government can resolve the issues in an effective
manner such as Minimum wage laws, Social Security, create jobs, Negative Income Tax, and
Hospitality management. These are as discussed below:
Minimum wage laws
The government can use the minimum wage laws wherein the company has offered an
appropriate compensation to the employees. It will be effective to overcome the issues related
to the basic need of people. At the same time, it can also decline the crime from the Vanuatu.
Additionally, it can also increase the consumption level of the employees, which ultimately
impact on the demand and supply of product and services. The enhancement in the demand
and supply can increase the standard of living of people. At the same time, it will also
supportive to attract more tourists because appropriate wage can enable the farmers to
provide the attractive activities for the tourist (Mok, et al., 2013).
Social Security
Social security plays a significant role in the lives of the individual, which are lived in
Vanuatu. The government has offered additional services related to the income, tax, social
welfare, and unemployment. It will be appropriate to overcome the toilet, water, and

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electrical issues. At the same time, it can be said that the unemployment is a major issue for
the people as well as a government because it will decline the growth of the country. So, the
government can create the job to decline the unemployment issues of people along with
enhancing the growth of state. Additionally, the social security can be supportive to attract
new customers for tourism in Vanuatu (Law, et al., 2014).
Negative income tax
The government can also make strategy regarding the income tax for managing the income
level of people appropriately. From the use of Negative income tax strategy, the government
can decline the income tax of people who have limited earning source. It will increase the
demand and supply of the product and services, which can be supportive to improve the
situation of the economy in long-term. At the same time, it will be also effective to improve
the standard of living.
Recommendations to overcome such issues in the future
The government should use some significant strategies to overcome these issues in the
upcoming period. These are such as health awareness programme, the supply of pure water,
development of public toilet, and development of electricity. These are discussed as below:
Health awareness programme
The government should start health awareness program to the people for informing about the
importance of health. At the same time, the government should aware the people regarding
the management or deal with health issues. In addition, when the people of Vanuatu are fully
aware of the health issues then they can be able to perform appropriate behavior with tourist.
Consequently, it can increase the growth of hospitality and tourism sectors in Vanuatu
(Buhalis, et al., 2013).

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Development of public toilet
The government can build public toilet because of attracting a large number of tourist and
decline the health issues from the Vanuatu. At the same time, it can be said that the public
toilet can retain the business of tourism in Vanuatu.
Electrical and water supply management
The government should improve the supply of water and electricity because of improving the
standard of people as well as influencing the tourist. Furthermore, water issues can dissatisfy
the tourist, which can decline the tourism of Vanuatu in long-term. It can decline the per
capita income of people in long-term. As well as, the problem of electricity can also create
the complexity in the tourism it is because electricity issue can negatively influence the
business of tourism. Additionally, the electricity issue can be a major problem in the tourism.
Therefore, the government should need to manage the electricity and water issue by making a
particular department to manage such kinds of issues (Altinay, et al., 2015).
Conclusion
From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the hospitality and tourism can play a
significant role to improve the situation of the state as well as people. Therefore, tourism
country has a need to focus on satisfying the need and expectation of tourist appropriately.
Additionally, it can be concluded that there are some factors that can affect the tourism of
Vanuatu named electricity and water issues, Public toilet issues, and health issues. At the
same time, it can also be said that there are also some significant strategies that can be used
by the government to overcome such issues such as Health awareness programme,
Development of a public toilet, and Electrical and water supply management. It can be
effective to enhance the tourism sector in Vanuatu.

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References
Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A., and Jang, S. S. (2015) Planning research in hospitality and
tourism, UK: Routledge.
Buhalis, D., and Crotts, J. (2013) Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management,
UK: Routledge.
Law, R., Buhalis, D., and Cobanoglu, C. (2014) Progress on information and communication
technologies in hospitality and tourism, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management, 26(5), pp. 727-750.
Mok, C., Sparks, B., and Kadampully, J. (2013) Service quality management in hospitality,
tourism, and leisure, UK: Rutledge.
Schuckert, M., Liu, X., and Law, R. (2015) Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent
trends and future directions, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32(5), pp. 608-621.
Ye, Q., Li, T., and Law, R. (2013) A co-authorship network analysis of tourism and
hospitality research collaboration, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 37(1), pp.
51-76.