An Ethics Proposal on Leadership, Justice, and Organizational Behavior

This research proposal investigates the effects of leadership styles and perceived justice on the organizational citizenship behavior of employees in Sydney-based SMEs. The study aims to analyze the importance of leadership and management for organizational success, emphasizing concepts like motivation, productivity, and sustainability. The research employs a cross-sectional survey method with convenience sampling, targeting 305 SME employees. The proposal details the research questions, methodology, participant recruitment, ethical considerations, and data handling procedures, including informed consent, confidentiality, and potential risks. The study seeks to understand the power dynamics, ethical principles, and safety measures essential for conducting research in this context, ensuring participant well-being and data integrity. The data will be recorded through written notes and used for hypothesis testing and thesis writing, with access restricted to the researcher, supervisor, and college.

Detailed description of the research
This is ethics proposal so please strickly follow the words range mentioned in table below.
1.1 State the aims of your research To assess the effects of leadership styles and
perceived justice on organizational citizenship
behaviour of employee of SMEs in Sydney,
Australia
1.2 Explain the need for, and value of, your
research.
Justify this research,
explain about/ relivant Organizational
citizenship behaviour
This research is conducted to analyse the importance
of organisational leadership for running various
SME’s. In an organisation, leadership is of various
importance, such as motive power to community
efforts, focus on human results, advice and direction,
influence to work more, trust formation, etc. These are
essential for leadership that serves a corporate
enterprise by improving its business activities. In an
enterprise, management is often important because it
allows company managers to accomplish effective
strategies and goals. Management within an
organisation has different concepts, such as having a
sense of focus and direction, increasing productivity,
developing a diverse organisation, etc. This are the
main management benefits and can also assist the
company in constantly enhancing its business
activities. Company process sustainability is an
efficient means of analysing whether an enterprise can
continue existing operations without putting potential
resources at risk. Sustainability will add any of a
number of products to manage the function.
Governance and development are an integral aspect of
the progress and development of businesses.
Leadership refers to the mechanism of external forces

that strengthens others' attempts to accomplish an
organization's collective values and objectives.
Leadership, in basic words, is a person's or a group's
capacity to manipulate and direct followers or several
other members of an organisation. In order to attain
results, management implements the organised
method of arranging, directing, coordinating and
managing an entity or community of individuals. In
addition, management is the method of achieving the
organization's aims by integrating human, financial
and physical capital in an appropriate mix, while
taking into account the operational atmosphere, proper
management helps to make a successful decision for
the company. Thus, within a company, leadership and
management are essential.
2.1 List your research questions or
hypotheses.
Ho - There is effect of leadership styles and perceived
justice on organizational citizenship behaviour of
employee of SMEs in Sydney, Australia.
H1- There is no effect of leadership styles and
perceived justice on organizational citizenship
behaviour of employee of SMEs in Sydney, Australia
2.2 Outline your research design and
methodology.
as given in Scenerio
cross-sectional survey method
convinent sampling
quantitaive method
Cross-sectional experiments are empirical in nature,
not predictive or relational, and are referred to as
descriptive analysis, meaning you can't use them to
determine the origin of anything, such as an illness.
Researchers document the information present in a
population, but variables are not manipulated by them.
Convenience sampling is characterised as a process

adopted by researchers in which a conveniently
accessible pool of respondents collect market research
data. As it is extremely prompt, uncomplicated, and
inexpensive, it is the most widely used sampling
method. In certain ways, volunteers are freely
accessible to be part of the survey.
Research methodology introduces to the systematic
process of collecting and analysing information
regarding specific field of study. There are basically
two types of methodology are known as qualitative
and quantitative. Both are effective types of research
methodology but for carrying out present
investigation, quantitative types of methodology is
more appropriate and valuable. Main reason behind
using quantitative methodology is it helps researcher
in collecting and evaluating of numerical information
in less period of time.
2.3 Indicate whether your research is the
first stage of a larger project. This research is a first stage project in which initial
work is required starting from perspective of managers
and leaders of SME’s towards having an effective and
strong organisational behaviour.
3.1 Who will be approached or recruited to be research
participants? How many participants will be
involved in your study?
This is the role of researcher to recruit
appropriate number of participants within
a study. In order to conduct this project,
305 participants will be recruited through
convenience sampling method. These
respondents are the employees of SME..
Main reason behind selecting employees

for this study, because they have accurate
knowledge about the contribution of
management and leadership in improving
sustainability of business operations. 305
employees will be selected through
convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria
of these respondents are permanent or
fixed. Exclusion criteria are contractors
and sub-contractors, employment agency
staff etc.
3.2 List the selection and, if appropriate to your study,
the exclusion criteria for participants. This is important for researcher to
provide accurate information about the
research aim and objectives to the
participants. This will helps them in
increasing of awareness about the
research among selected participants.
There are different ways through which
researcher can easily communicate entire
information about the current research.
These ways are spoken, online report,
presentation, written and many other. All
these ways support an investigator in
communicating of entire information
regarding the topic. Therefore, following
of all ways of communication are
essential and effective for investigator in
completion of full work effectively and
systematically
3.3 How will you recruit volunteers for your research?
This project needs to have volunteer for
completing the analysis properly. In

cases where there are large groups,
researchers use diverse sampling
methods. In most instances, since they are
not easy to enter, testing the whole
population is virtually impossible. In
circumstances where additional inputs are
not required for the principal sample,
researchers use convenience sampling. To
be a part of this survey, there are no
qualifications needed. The use of
elements in this sample is thus extremely
simplistic. Both population components
are qualified and rely on the proximity of
the investigator to engage in the survey.
The researcher picks participants based
purely on proximity and does not
consider whether or not they constitute
the whole community. They will observe
patterns, views, and perspectives in the
best way possible by using this method.
3.4 How will you provide detailed information about
your study to potential participants? Information sheet, participn provided
printed or email sheet, purpose of study.
When taking interview maximum 10
minutes are taken with the respondent.
3.5 Describe how you will obtain consent to participate
from those volunteering as participants for your
research.
Informed consent refers to the mechanism
of contact between the interviewer and
the respondents. The primary objective of
informed consent is to provide the study
subjects with all the necessary
information or data. The whole informed

consent process includes supplying
detailed information on the study issue,
providing the subject with an accurate
opportunity to consider all choices,
gaining the subject's voluntary approval,
etc. In addition, receiving permission
entails advising and transmitting
information to the study participants
about the subject. Following informed
consent, various forms of details exist,
such as the intent of the study, testing
methods, possible costs and advantages
of participating, anonymity of personal
identity, planned study length, etc. This is
valuable knowledge that would be given
to study subjects by the researcher. This
will help them systematically and legally
complete the entire project.
3.6 If your research participants will be drawn from any
dependent group (people who have an unequal
power relationship with you or with an organisation
which is cooperating in the research) please detail
how will you ensure that participants do not feel
under any obligation to assist you with your
research as participants.
Talk about power relation
How to avoid that
How to keep own opinion away from them…
Describe…..
It actually depend upon how you select participtants
How would you manage power relationship,
explain no participtants are forced….
They are free to leave any time…
no any obligation etc.
The notion of authority is closely linked
to the principles of dominance and
leadership. In fact, control has been
referred to by some as "informal
authority," while authority has been
referred to as "legitimate authority."
Power reflects one individual or group's
desire to ensure conformity with another
person or group. Here, nothing is said
about the right to ensure compliance, only
the capacity. In comparison, authority
represents the right of those to pursue
compliance; validity promotes the

exercising of authority. If a boss instructs
a secretary to type such letters, he is
likely to have the power to make such an
application. Nevertheless, if the same
director ordered the secretary to perform
personal errands, this would be beyond
the scope of the legal exercise of power.
While the secretary should also act upon
this order, enforcement by the secretary
will be based on factors of power or
control, not authority.
3.7 Describe how you will preserve participants'
confidentiality as you collect and analyse the data
and when you report the results.
There are different number of ethical
principles that must be used by researcher
while conducting current investigation
over the leadership and management of
sustainable business operations. These
principles are obtain informed consent
from potential research participants,
minimise the risk of harm to participants,
protect their anonymity and
confidentiality, avoid using deceptive
practices, give participants the right to
withdraw from research etc. These are
consider major and useful research ethics
principles that must be following by
researcher. This will helps in minimising
of any obligation on research participants.
Therefore, it is important for investigator
to do not feel their participants under any
obligation.
3.8 If there are any potential risks (physical, emotional,
social or legal) to individual participants' well being This is important and essential for

(beyond those normally encountered in everyday
life) as a result of their involvement in the research,
detail the steps that will be taken to address these
risks including any support facilities such as
counselling, debriefings or referrals.
…
researcher to preserve or maintain
confidentiality of research participants.
There are different number of effective
ways that will be useful and significant
for researcher in preserving of
participants' confidentiality. These ways
are management of data access,
management of data utilisation,
management of data acquisition etc. All
these are consider more effective and
essential ways for researcher to follow
and preserve confidentiality of selected
participants. This will helps them in
collection and analysing of information
regarding the leadership and management
of sustainable business operations (Zeng
and et. al., 2020).
Potential risks: It is important for
researcher to make sure that, there is no
potential risks because it will harms on
participant' wellbeing. Potential risks
divided into different type of risks such as
physical, social, emotional or legal. For
this project, there is no potential risks that
results in completion of full project
ethically and successfully.
Potential safety: Safety is important for
conducting research project in systematic
manner. It is a role of researcher to ensure
participant' safety while collecting and
analysing of information. For doing this

investigation, understanding and
knowledge about the potential risk will be
maintained by researcher. Thus, it will be
essential and significant for researcher in
completion of full project systematically
and without any type of risks related with
participants' safety.
3.9
If there are any potential safety implications for
yourself as the researcher (beyond those normally
encountered in everyday life) please indicate how
these will be addressed.
This is survey so no risk, but can add
covid restriction if needed. Proper
sanitization and wearing mask can help to
make people feel safe.
3.10 If research participants will receive any payment,
reimbursement or other benefit from participation in
the research, please detail this and provide a
justification for the level of compensation.
Yes
4.1 Describe briefly how the research data will be
recorded, for example, audiotape, videotape, or
written notes.
All interviews can be recorded by taking
permission of the respondent.
4.2 Describe what you will do with the recorded data
once it has been analysed.
The research Will be Used To test
hypothesis, to analysis , write thesis, etc.
4.3 Specify who apart from yourself (and your
supervisors if applicable) will have access to the
research data and results, and any conditions to be
placed on that access.
Except Me, supervisor and college no one
have access

5.1 Detail who will own the data and the results of your
research.
Research team , me supervisor and
college/university and this will be
destroyed after certain time period.
Timelines of the research study
REFERENCE List:

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Education.
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Please answer the remaining questions
What research methodologies will you use (tick those applicable)
Anonymous questionnaires Questionnaires requesting intimate personal,
identifying, or sensitive information

Internet questionnaires
Other questionnaires
Face to face interviews which do not request
personal or sensitive information
 Face to face interviews which request personal
or sensitive information

Observation of participant's usual activities Focus groups

Observation of an activity set up for the
purposes of the study
 Action Research
Access to medical records (or records which
contain intimate personal information, and
Experiment or testing of a procedure, drug or
equipment
are individually identifiable and are not
publicly available)
Other (please specify)