Business Ethics and Strategies: Case Study Analysis Report

This report delves into the critical intersection of ethics and strategies within the business landscape. It begins with an executive summary and a table of contents, setting the stage for an in-depth analysis of several case studies. The first section examines various ethical dilemmas, such as data loss risks, workplace favoritism, sexual harassment, and breaches of the chain of custody, highlighting the ethical issues, stakeholders, potential alternatives, and actions that should be taken. The second part of the report focuses on Raytheon, providing a SWOT analysis, outlining short, medium, and long-term objectives, and proposing five key strategies for future growth, along with potential challenges. The report concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations, offering a comprehensive understanding of the importance of ethical conduct and strategic planning in achieving business success. References are included to support the analysis.

Case study analysis of ethics and significance of strategies in business
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REPORT

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Ethics is an integral part of any business as it helps to differentiate between the right and
wrong of any situation or circumstance. Unethical business firms are preferred less by the
customers as ethics also help to build up the goodwill of any business firm. Also ethics help
in the proper working environment of any business organisation.
Strategies play a significant role in any business development or growth of the business there
are different strategies for different growth prospects of the firm. In the absence of strategies
the process of development cannot be initiated.
In this project, the importance of ethics is communicated through various cases of unethical
situations that depict the relevance of ethics in any business firm is extremely important.
The business growth depends on the strategies adopted by the firm, similarly the project
discusses about the type of strategies, their application and the significance of strategies in
any business organisation for growth prospects. Raytheon is the organisation undertaken to
elaborate the strategic methods for future growth.
Table of Contents

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Question -1:................................................................................................................................4
Analysis of the cases in related to ethics:...............................................................................4
Case 1:.................................................................................................................................4
Case 2:.................................................................................................................................6
Case 3:.................................................................................................................................8
Case 4:...............................................................................................................................10
Question- 2:..............................................................................................................................13
Raytheon...............................................................................................................................13
Swot analysis of Raytheon:...............................................................................................13
Short term, medium term, and long term objectives of the organisation:........................14
Five strategies required to be implemented to accomplish the above mentioned
objectives:.........................................................................................................................14
Potential challenges in implementing the strategies:........................................................15
Question 3:...............................................................................................................................16
Conclusion................................................................................................................................18
References

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Question -1:
Analysis of the cases in related to ethics:
Case 1:
 What are the relevant facts?
1. Rachel works as a Quality Assurance Engineer and works at an electronic company.
2. The company has finalised a contract with a company that manufactures chips which
are engulfed in the servers made by the company where Rachel works.
3. Rachel is responsible to deliver a new generation server half yearly accordingly she
has very less time left.
4. The company cannot perform every test because there is very limited time available.
5. Rachel will be providing a product of low quality which is more likely to result in loss
of data as she is bounded by the competition.
 What are the Ethical Issues?
Ethics basically refers to the moral values and principles that help in recognising the
right and wrong aspects of an individual or an organisation (Neyroud, 2012).
Similarly, Ethical Issues are such situations or the circumstances that tells the
relevance of business ethics in any firm or an organisation. Ethical Issues related to
the case are as follows:
1. Is it right to sell a product that carries the risk of data loss?
2. Is Rachel doing justice to her job?
3. Is it right to put the reputation of the company at stake?

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
 Who are the primary stakeholders?
1. Rachel
2. Company
3. Another company
 What are the possible alternatives?
1. Rachel can consider the quality of the product and the reputation of the company
at the first priority.
2. Rachel can avoid following the competitors by focusing on the customer
satisfaction and do justice to her job.
3. Rachel can assure some quality which can protect the data loss of the customers
and save them from any kind of suffrage.
 What are the Ethics of the alternatives?
The alternative of assuring some quality while keeping in mind the time limit to
protect the customer from any kind of suffrage. Also she can avoid following the
competitor as that will make her focus on the quality aspect.
 What are the practical constraints?
Rachel can risk the reputation of the company by providing the customer with
unqualified product that is more likely to lose the data of the customer and will also
describe her unethical behaviour towards the company.
 What action should be taken?
If it is not possible to take every quality test then she can opt to consider some
important tests to be undertaken for quality purpose to avoid the suffrage of
customer.

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Case 2:
 What are the relevant facts?
1. Anne is an engineer employed at onerous.
2. Two newly hired employees were given visible role in a prominent project.
3. On the other hand, Anne’s co-workers were not given any recognition despite of
their completion of work and were asked to play supporting roles.
4. The co-workers of Anne consequently decided to leave the organisation because
of being biased, on consulting this matter to Anne she considered it to be reported
to her manager but she dropped the idea as her manager is excessively stubborn
and inflexible.
 What are the Ethical Issues?
1. Absence of justice and fairness in the organisation (Phillips, 2018).
2. Favouritism
 Who are the primary stakeholders?
1. Co-workers
2. New comers
3. Manager
4. Anne
 What are the possible alternatives?
1. Anne can bring up the matter to the manager irrespective of his stubborn
behaviour.
2. The co-workers of Anne can raise their voice for being treated unfairly.
 What are the ethics of the alternatives?
The alternative brings up the Justice and fairness among the employees of the
organisation, no favouritism in the organisation and exercising the rights of the
employees of the company.

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
 What are the practical constraints?
The practical constraint here is the relevance of favouritism in the organisation and
unjustified treatment towards the deserving employees of the company they are not
able to raise their voice regarding the matter because of the stubborn behaviour of the
manager.
 What actions should be taken?
Anne should report the matter to her manager, without considering his behaviour as
this is an ethical issue. The co-workers of the Anne should also raise their voice for
being treated unfairly in the organisation.
Case 3:
 What are the relevant facts?
1. Victoria just kick started her new job as an analyst at an investment bank.
2. The company is set to hold an annual meeting after Victoria has completed her 2
months at the job.
3. Luke, who is an executive of the company, asks Victoria if he could drop her
home.
4. While on the drive Luke asked for a casual dinner to Victoria at his house and
being pressured she says yes to him.
5. Luke and Victoria are currently working together on a project, but the dinner did
not proved to be that productive as Luke continued to discuss his personal issues.
6. At Luke’s house he directly makes an advance move towards Victoria. Which is
totally unacceptable to her, she is also in dilemma about what step should be taken
further.
 What are the Ethical Issues?
1. Is Luke behaving unprofessionally?

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
2. Should Victoria bring up the matter to the lights of the higher level management
people?
3. Is this type of behaviour acceptable because of the “Bullpen” relevance?
 Who are the primary stakeholders?
1. Victoria
2. Luke
3. HR Department
 What are the possible alternatives?
1. Victoria can report the issue to the HR head without concerning about the project,
as this type of behaviour is not at all acceptable in any type of organisation.
2. Victoria can ask the HR manager to shift her to another project as she is not
comfortable working with Luke.
3. Victoria can warn Luke not to behave in that particular manner (Christopher
Hodges, 2018).
 What are the Ethics of the alternatives?
The alternatives brings up the matter of harassment which is considered next to crime
and ruins the work environment for the employee facing the same, but once the matter
is reported and solution to that is been given, accordingly the code of conduct will
also be maintained in the organisation.
 What are the practical constraints?
The practical constraint here is the behaviour of Luke towards Victoria which is a
matter of huge concern the behaviour of Luke is next to crime and organisations have
strict rules and regulations regarding these matters taking place in the organisation.
 What actions should be taken?

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Victoria should report the matter to the HR department because tolerating this kind of
activities will encourage Luke to go beyond limits, she should report the same without
concerning about the project they are working on together, if she is not comfortable in
reporting the same to HR then she can also ask the project manager to remove either
her or Luke out of the project.
Case 4:
 What are the relevant facts?
1. Ilene Kennedy received a job in contract sales as a manufacturing representative,
which sells office furniture to large scale companies.
2. As per the chain of custody of business Ilene was authorised to sell the furniture
only to the dealers and not to the ultimate buyers.
3. New boss of Ilene told her that, they often didn’t follow the same and asked Ilene
to sell it directly to the consumers cutting out the dealers to make bigger profit.
4. Later, to that Ilene felt like cheating so she reported the concern to her boss who
was totally unsupportive and asked her to leave the firm if she is uncomfortable
doing the same.
5. For 6 months, Ilene only sold that to the dealers and designers only as per the
custody, after following the boss’ instruction for short time.
6. After those 6 months she left the job and joined another industry where she was
very successful.
 What are the Ethical Issues?
1. Is it right to break the code of conduct of business to increase the profits of the
firm?
2. Is it correct to ask the employees of the firm to choose the unfair means to
continue to stay in the organisation?

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
 Who are the primary stakeholders?
1. Ilene
2. New boss
3. Dealers & designers
 What are the possible alternatives?
1. Ilene can report the matter to the higher authorities as her boss refused to follow
the chain of custody (Andrew Crane, 2019).
2. Ilene can also use the option of whistle-blowing in the government authorities.
 What are the ethics of the alternatives?
The alternative shows the ethical conduct of business by following the chain of
custody and also bringing the matter to the notice of higher authorities after Ilene’s
boss refuses to follow the chain of custody.
 What is the practical constraint?
The practical constraint here is the matter of chain of custody which the Ilene’s boss’
refuses to follow and also asks Ilene to go according to him rather the chain of
custody.
 What action should be taken?
Ilene can report the concern to higher authorities either directly to the government or
to the ethic committee which follows up to the cases like these.
 Do you think the sales strategy of Ilene’s boss is unethical or just an aggressive tactic?
The strategy is unethical of the boss’ rather than just an aggressive line of action as
breaking the chain of custody is not considered an aggressive scheme.

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
 What would be your advice be to Ilene on how to deal with this discomfort she felt
with selling directly to the end users?
My advice on this matter to Ilene would be to report the matter to higher authorities in
order to ensure some strict action is taken on the issue.
 How this practice of breaking the chain of custody will impact the industry?
It will impact the industry adversely because breaking the chain of custody will put
down the image of the company and the dealers would also be disappointed and will
never consider any type of deal with the company.
 Does Ilene have the obligation to push for broader changes within the system, rather
than only changing her own job responsibilities to align with her personal ethics?
Yes, Ilene is liable for pushing forward the required changes within the system,
because she is an employee of the organisation so is liable to report if there is any
unethical situation in the company.
 Is it ethically forbidden to go out of the sales chain?
Yes it is, because ethics is basically following the principles, rules and regulations of
the organisation and chain of custody is the manner how the business should be
conducted so breaking that will eventually be described as an unethical activity.

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Question- 2:
Raytheon
Vision and mission statement
“The objective which summarises all our goals is the customer satisfaction and success
(raytheon, n.d.).”
9 elements of the mission statement: product, consumers, target market, technology, growth
prospects and profitability, ethical values, competitive advantage, social responsibility and
employee concern (Yohn, 2013).
An ideal mission statement has all the components mentioned above, Raytheon has most of
the elements of the ideal mission statement however it seems to omit the technology and
employee concern mentioned in the mission statement.
Swot analysis of Raytheon:
 Strength:
The major strength of Raytheon is the immense amount of liquid cash in hand from
the increased international sales which is enough pay off the debts.
 Weakness:
The major reason considered to be the weakness of Raytheon is a lot of amount of
cash could be used to set off the losses.
 Threat:
Instability in the political environment is the major threat to the company as the cuts
in the budget by the government can affect the business.
 Opportunities:

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
The opportunities for Raytheon are high as the organisation serves the military forces,
and aerospace which has a growing demand in the future.
Short term, medium term, and long term objectives of the organisation:
 Short term:
The short term objectives of Raytheon include: increase in the customers served by
the company.
 Medium term:
The medium term objective of Raytheon include: putting additional resources for the
increasing opportunities in the defence market.
 Long term:
The long term objective of Raytheon include: to engage with particular countries with
individual markets (Raytheon, n.d.).
Five strategies required to be implemented to accomplish the above mentioned
objectives:
 Strategy 1:
The short term objective of the firm is primarily based on the customer retention and
satisfaction to accomplish that the strategy required is the quality product offered,
which will help to ensure the customer satisfaction.
 Strategy 2:
The second strategy is formulated for the accomplishment of the medium term
objective is the market development by grabbing the opportunities of the defence
market.
 Strategy 3:

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
The third strategy is related to the introduction artificial intelligence to expand the key
areas of strength of the company.
 Strategy 4:
The strategy of market extension will be useful for expanding the Raytheon cyber
security services in other countries after USA.
 Strategy 5:
Another major concern of the company is to retain the interests of its shareholders on
a long term basis for which the compensation mix strategy is opted.
Potential challenges in implementing the strategies:
1. Increased cost:
The implementation of these strategies will result in the increased costs of the
company.
2. Shortage of resources:
Sometimes there is lack of resources which becomes a hindrance in implementing the
strategies.
3. Ineffective communication;
This becomes a major problem if not handled properly in implementation of the
strategy effective communication is a must requirement in any organisation (H. Igor
Ansoff, 2018).
Question 3:
1. Explain why a mission statement should not include monetary amounts, numbers,
Percentages, ratios, goals.
The mission statement of any organisation depicts the qualitative aspect of the firm
which does not include the quantitative details. A mission statement should be a brief

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
about the strategies, policies, and the working. Mission statement is a very premature
level to declare the quantitative aspects, mission statement with numbers is never
considered as a mission statement of any organisation (Verlag, 2016).
2. Identify a recent economic, social, political, or technological trend that significantly
affects the organization of your choice.
The recent social trend that affects the Raytheon is the skill, education, power, and
demographics of the population of the society of different countries as these factors
play a significant role in the business of the company (Williams, 2019).
3. Give two examples of staffing strengths and two examples of staffing weaknesses of
an organization with which you are familiar.
 Staffing strength:
a. The staffing strength of Raytheon consists of the ability to fulfil variety of job
positions at a job centred market.
b. Another strength includes the fulfilling the job vacancies from the areas where
it is hard to find the jobs.
 Staffing weakness:
a. The variances in this market can prove to be a weakness of the staffing
b. Another weakness could be reduced job opportunities in the market.
4. Give recent examples of market penetration, market development, and product
development and explain their strategies in detail.
 Market penetration:

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
Raytheon is focusing on the cyber segment of the firm which has high possibility of
rapid growth by leaving the competitors behind with the kind of services in the high
tech military hardware (forbes, 2015).
 Market development:
Again the market development is also concerned with the cyber security services of
the Raytheon offered in the other countries.
 Product development:
Product development strategy of Raytheon basically is focusing on the diversification
of the products in the same industry (Raytheon, n.d.).
5. In a BCG Matrix, would the Question Mark quadrant or the Cash Cow quadrant be
more desirable? Explain. List four limitations of a BCG Matrix.
The cash cows are more desirable as they have more potential to grow than the
question mark corporations as the cash cows cater to a bigger market share and are
already established whereas the question marks do not have the guarantee of success
(Pruschkowski, 2018).
Limitations of BCG matrix:
 The success does not wholly depend upon the level of the market share.
 No other dimension is used except the market share and the velocity of the growth of
the firm.
 The effect of synergies is not being considered.
 Sometimes high profits are earned by low market share firms (Stewart, 2019).
Conclusion
The project report describes the importance of ethics and the strategies that are used for the
success of any business firm. The significance of ethics is described by the representation of

ETHICS AND STRATEGIES
4 cases. Similarly, the strategies are described through the examples and the description of
the strategies in brief. The examples of the strategies are based on the Raytheon organisation.
References:
Andrew Crane, D.M.S.G.L.S., 2019. Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and
Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. Oxford University Press.
Christopher Hodges, R.S., 2018. Ethical Business Practice and Regulation: A Behavioural
and Values-Based Approach to Compliance and Enforcement. Bloomsbury Publishing.

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David A. Aaker, E.J., 2012. Brand Leadership. Simon and Schuster.
Eugene Heath, B.K.A.M., 2018. The Routledge Companion to Business Ethics. Routledge.
forbes, 2015. The Plan: Raytheon's Tom Kennedy Is Growing A Global Technology Leader.
[Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/#28a117c42a3b
[Accessed 19 june 2019].
H. Igor Ansoff, D.K.A.O.L.R.H.-S.R.A., 2018. Implanting Strategic Management. Springer.
Johne, F.A., 2018. Industrial Product Innovation. Routledge.
Neyroud, P., 2012. Handbook of Policing.
Phillips, G., 2018. Employment Law 2018. College of Law Publishing.
Pruschkowski, M., 2018. The BCG Matrix and its Support of Management Decision Making.
Raytheon, n.d. Product Launches. [Online] Available at:
https://www.raytheon.com/ourcompany/rps/product-launches [Accessed 19 june 2019].
Raytheon, n.d. Raytheon. [Online] Available at: https://www.raytheon.com/ [Accessed 19
june 2019].
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[Accessed 19 june 2019].
Scott T. Young, K.K.D., 2012. Sustainability: Essentials for Business. SAGE Publications.
Stewart, D.W., 2019. Managing Portfolios of Products. Springler link.
Verlag, G., 2016. The Role of Mission Statements.
William M. Pride, O.C.F.B.A.L.S.S.O.N., 2012. Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning.
Williams, D.A., 2019. International Business Blunders: Lessons for Future Managers.
Emerald Group Publishing.
Yohn, D.L., 2013. What Great Brands Do: The Seven Brand-Building Principles that
Separate the Best from the Rest. John Wiley & Sons.