MAR015-2 Intercultural Management: Ethnorelativism Approach Review

This literature review explores the impact of ethnorelativism on work culture, examining its influence on working methods, employee motivation, and overall organizational dynamics. It delves into the stages of ethnorelativism, including acceptance, adaptation, and integration, and connects these concepts to Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The review also discusses how cultural differences affect communication styles and employee motivation, referencing Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the importance of clear communication in fostering a positive workplace culture. Ultimately, the review concludes that embracing ethnorelativism and understanding cultural dimensions can positively impact employee engagement, productivity, and organizational success. Desklib offers a wealth of resources for students seeking further insights into intercultural management and related topics.

Literature Review.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3
1. Affects of ethnorelativism approaches on way of working.....................................................3
2. Culture influences the motivation............................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The international business refers to the trade of goods, services, technology, knowledge
and information across the nations or boarders at a global or transactional level. The review
includes the models that indicates the affects of cultural dimensions in an organization. It also
includes the cultures specific preferences in the international business. The use of culture
influences in motivation of the employees. The review also included the Maslow's need of
hierarchy theory and communication as an important factor in culture influence motivation in an
organization.
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Affects of ethnorelativism approaches on way of working.
Ethnorelativism refers to the belief that is completely based on deep and genuine respect
for the other cultures. It says that all cultures, groups or subcultures are inherently equal. As per
the Sagiv, and Schwartz,(2022) study it is found that, there are three major stages while entering
into ethnorelativism.
Acceptance stage: Under this stage an individual accepts own values and norms that are
necessarily right. An individual also respects and values the others cultures. It also says that the
differences among the cultures are not good and bad, they must accepted and respected.
Adaption stage: This stage says that individuals view cultural differences as a valuable
resource. Because the difference are viewed as positive and also accepted and adopted by people.
It also says that an individual must maintain their own culture and identity.
Integration stage: Under this stage an individual accepts that the identity is not based
upon any single culture. It integrates multiple sets of values into own identity and becomes
multicultural.
The Bryant, (2022) stays that etnotrelativism initiates a sense of cultural shock that refers
to the feelings of uncertainty, confusion and anxiety that individual faces experiences when
moving to new country or new cultural. They also experience the new cultural surroundings that
results in adjustment in unfamiliar environment.
According to Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions and differences across cultures: It
is model of framework that is used to understand the differences in the cultures among the
different countries and discern the type that business is established in global level.the different

cultures. The basic motive of the theory is to determine the dimensions in which the cultures
vary. Hofsteds's identified six categories that defines the culture. Power distance index refers to
the extent to which inequality and power are tolerated. Under this the dimension the inequality
and power are Physiological needs ,t viewed from the follower's point of view. The second
dimension Individualism vs. collectivism considers the degree that societies are considered into
groups and their perceived obligations and dependence on groups. Thired dimension refers to
the Uncertainty Avoidance Index This dimension considers the extent Physiological needs ,tby
which the uncedratini9ty and ambiguity are tolerated. Masculinity vs. femininity under this
category the preference of society for achievement, attitude towards the sexuality equality and
behaviour. The fifth dimension is Long term orientation vs. short term orientation This
dimension considers the extent to which society views its time horizon. Indulgence vs.
Restraint This dimension refers to the extent and tendency for a society to fulfils its desires.
As per the study of Pérez-Perdomo and Friedman (2022) The cultural dimensions impacts
positively on the working of the employees of the organisation. Because cultural dimensions
leads to innovation and creativity, the cultures that are more traditional tend to focus more on
what work has done in the past, and look forward in innovation and creativity. The culture
dimension are the positive points in the working for employees at the workplace. Because it
helps in gaining new opinions and ideas that results in development and growth of the
organization. Productivity cultural dimensions results in employee productivity that depends
upon the different skills and attitude of working in an organization. The employees tend to be
more engaged and productive. Organisational communication different cultures also effects the
communication styles in the organization. Author says that, the corporate environment prefers
the transparency, openness and friendliness that facilitates the communication among the
employees.
Cultures affects the every aspect of an organisation, from the products and services it
delivers to the customers and employees. It is the ultimate key differentiator for the growth and
success of an organization.
2. Culture influences the motivation.
Motivation is the process that initiates an individual's intensity, direction and persistence
of efforts towards attaining the goal. According to the Kreß, and et. al., (2022) study, Maslow's

need of hierarchy the culture of an organisation is based on the satisfaction levels of an
individual. The hierarchy is divided into 5 different levels, known as Physiological needs ,this is
the lowest level of hierarchy that includes the basic needs of an individual, that is to be satisfied
Esteem needs these first. The needs include the basic and essential wants to survive, such as
food, education and home. The Safety needs the second level of hierarchy refers to the safety and
security of an individual. Safety includes the protection from unpredictable and dangerous
conditions. While the security includes stability of an individual.
Love and belongings: Atari, and et. al (2022) says that, The third level of Maslow's
hierarchy of needs is love and belongings needs. The human are social creatures that crave for
interaction with others. This level of hierarchy includes the need for friendship, intimacy, family
and love. Esteem needs these needs are referred to the person's recognition, status and to be felt
respected. Respect from others relates to achieving fame, prestige and recognition. The respect
from oneself refers to the dignity, confidence, competence, independence and freedom. Self
actualization the fifth and final level of need hierarchy is known as the self actualization needs. It
relates to the realization of an individual's full potential.
According to Whiting, (2022). Communication is the important factor of culture that
influences the motivation of an employee. Because clear and efficient communication helps
organization in building a fulfilling workplace culture for their employees. A strong workplace
culture is created through communication. For example: Put communication first during major
changes the internal communication becomes an even more important part of when changing
your company culture. The successful companies across a variety of industries rely on effective
communication to overcome the times of changes or crises and maintain culture of trust.Get
regular feedback from your team, Make sure to take regular feedbacks from your team, because
it will help in building the positive culture that the employees want in the organization.
Communicate on employees terms, This stays that keep touch in ways that fit employees needs
and habits. For example, if some of the employees miss out on the messaging, look for the
different mediums that helps in meeting them where they are.
Employee motivation is critical to maintaining productivity. According to author there
are many factors that influences motivation. Therefore effective communication can help in
improving employee motivation in several ways. Building relationships, A workplace operates
on the effective relationships built among the employees, managers, departments and all levels of

the company. A transparent communication helps employees in encouraging and strengthen the
relationships, that can assist employees in reach9ing maximum productivity.
Decision making: An organization decision-making process includes the active and
effective communication. As per Mohamed, and et. al., (2022)., the employees must be allowed
as many ways as possible to offer their ideas and views , and be part of the decision-making.
CONCLUSION
From the above review it is concluded that, ethnorelativism approaches helps in
effectively working in the workplace. It includes the cultural dimensions and Hostede's model as
an example of the culture dimensions. The culture also influences the motivation of the
employees. It includes the Maslow's need of hierarchy, it is a need hierarchy of an individual that
have five different levels. Communication is also a important factor in culture motivation of
employees in organization.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Sagiv, L. and Schwartz, S.H., 2022. Personal VaPérez-Perdomo, R. and Friedman, L., 2022.lues
Across Cultures. Annual review of psychology, 73. pp.517-546.
Bryant, G.A., 2022. VocaWhiting, R., 2022. l communication across cultures: theoretical and
methodological issues. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 377(1841).
p.20200387.
Pérez-Perdomo, R. and Friedman, L., 2022. I. Latin Legal Cultures in the Age of Globalization.
In Legal Culture in the Age of Globalization (pp. 1-19). Stanford University Press.
Whiting, R., 2022. You gotta have wa: When two cultures collide on the baseball diamond. Open
Road Media.
Mohamed, and et. al., 2022. Plant cell cultures: An enzymatic tool for polyphenolic and
flavonoid transformations. Phytomedicine, p.154019.
von Fürer-Haimendorf, C., 2022. Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent.
Brill.
Atari, and et. al 2022. Morality Beyond the WEIRD: How the Nomological Network of Morality
Varies Across Cultures.
Kreß, and et. al., 2022. Innovative Platform for the Advanced Online Monitoring of Three-
Dimensional Cells and Tissue Cultures. Cells. 11(3). p.412.