Comprehensive Report: EU Trade Operations, Policies, and Challenges

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global trade operations, with a specific focus on the European Union. It begins with an executive summary and introduction, outlining the report's objectives and scope. The main body delves into the trade history of the EU, examining the evolution of trade practices and policies. It then explores the import and export dynamics of the region, highlighting key figures and trends. The report also examines various trade instruments, including different types of trade agreements such as unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral agreements. Furthermore, it addresses the barriers and challenges encountered in implementing EU trade laws, such as regulatory complexities, inter-ministerial coordination issues, and economic crises. The report concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness and flexibility of EU trade policies, emphasizing the need for strategic mechanisms and mandatory frameworks. The report references several academic sources to support its analysis.

Global Trade
Operations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report the major focus is to understand the trade policies which is established in
the particular region. The EU laws will help the countries to move the goods and services in an
effective manner. Along with that, the main focus is to understand about the import and export of
multiple regions. For further instance, there are various challenges which is been faced by
implementing this particular laws.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................4
Trade History..............................................................................................................................4
Import export of the region.........................................................................................................5
Trade Instruments .......................................................................................................................5
Various barriers and Challenges which could be implemented..................................................6
Recommendations.......................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The European Union is the political union in which there are multiple trade services
which is establishing. There are 27 members which is located in the Europe. There are multiple
laws which has been established over a period of time in order to help the market function better.
The EU policies aims to establish the free movement of multiple goods and services from one
region to another (Fruscione, 2022). The report aims to analyse about understanding the different
trade policies of the European Union. There are multiple challenges which could be arise while
establishing this particular law. On the other hand, in this report the major focus is to review
multiple trade instruments. For further instance, there are various countries which have the
motive to join the European Union in the upcoming period of time. Most of the organisation is
also taking various advantages indulging in the particular law. There are various transitions
which is happening in this rules and regulations.
MAIN BODY
Trade History
International trade has been present in the region like Europe for a vast amount of time.
There are various dominant trade policies which has been implemented in order to free the
movement of various goods and services in the market. The trade practices has been developed
over a period of time in Europe (Garg, Mahajan, and Ghosh, 2022). There are multiple
advantages which can be taken by the company by implementation of new policies and
procedures. The European Union has been formed to move the goods and services in an effective
manner. There are various states in Europe which has been directly involved in this movement.
The legislation is enact and provide justice to various markets with the implementation of
flexible policies. The sector includes agriculture, Fisheries and regional development. The
European Union has been established in 1999. at that time there were 19 members states. In this
new era the total stands at 27 it is a political entity which has seen a growth over a period of
time. The free movement of goods and services could help the economy in a positive way. They
can establish a positive relationship with other regions a provide the quality goods and services
in the particular region.

Import export of the region
The import and export in the European Union has been growing at a rapid pace. The
value of exports stands at 27 million. There are multiple good imported from different regions in
the market. EU is one of the prime position and the global trade practices are happening in a
significant manner (Guzhva, Nebotov, and Ivanov, 2019). There are multiple arrangements
which has been made in order to make the import and export more effective in every manner. In
the goods and services of European Union there are multiple contracts in which they are
indulging. In the Exporting there are multiple procedures which is been used in order to export
the goods to various other regions. The Eu export control regime which is a regulation it has
been established in 428/2009. There is a community which control all the export trade practices
in the region.
Trade Instruments
Policies and procedures
The European Union trade policy is a Open Strategic Autonomy there are better rules
which is been followed in order to provide the goods and services in multiple regions. The
European Commission has improved their ideology they have the strong position in supplying
the goods and services (Osabuohien, Beecroft, and Efobi, 2018). There are three types of trade
agreements which is been described below:
 Unilateral Trade Agreement – This is the agreement which occur when the country has
put several restrictions on the importing and exporting of goods and services. In the
unforeseen circumstances the country can take competitive advantage by loosing it
unilaterally.
 Bilateral Trade Agreements – These are the types of agreements in which two countries
are involved. They can expand their business in several regions by loosing the trade
restrictions.
 Multilateral Trade Agreements – In this type of agreements there are three or more
types of countries which is been involved. This type of agreements is complex in nature
there are various negotiations which has been established.
On the other hand, there are multiple trade agreements which is been implemented in the
European Union. It includes the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, EU-Japan Economic
Partnership Agreement (EPA), EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement

(CETA), EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement. In the European Union the decisions are made
with the help of various individuals which have the right knowledge. The trade agreements helps
the country to achieve an effective economic growth in the future by taking several advantages
over trade practices.
Various barriers and Challenges which could be implemented
There are certain challenges which is been arise while implementing the laws at national
level. The challenges are described below:
 The regulation package is the main problem of the European law. There are no
reinforcements indulge in the package. There are multiple mechanisms which needs to be
strategic. The European Union law needs to be implemented in an effective manner. The
financial sanctions also needs to be evaluated by the host communities (Spartak, and
Likhachev, 2018). They need to make the laws more flexible and apply it to multiple
regions. The European Union laws needs to be less sophisticated.
 The potential barrier is the implementation of this law which could open various
conflicts. It includes Inter-ministerial coordination problems, national conflicts. The
parliaments needs to resolve them in an effective manner.
 The trade barriers which includes Tariffs, Customs procedures, Administrative burden,
Import licensing, Standards, labelling or packaging requirements. They need to use
multiple new features to make it more enhanced. On the other hand, there is another main
challenge which is been faced by European Union includes the threefold of economic,
financial and economic crisis.
 There are various tensions which is been arise between the countries like Ukraine over
the Arab world and the refugee crisis which is been major problems for the European
Union (Winn, 2019). The European Union is also facing the trade blocs there are four
multilateral trade areas. There is a agreement which is happening and it is the trade block
with other states which commence the import and export of goods and services.
Recommendations
 In order to implement the law in the better way the communities needs to makes the trade
policies more flexible in every manner. Through this there is a continuity which can help
the country to achieve better results in the future. The parliament needs to make an

assessment in which there is a better use of mechanisms. They can establish a better
source with the EU law.
 There are multiple non binding acts which needs the European Union needs to rethink.
They need to prepare it with the help of mandatory framework. The policies needs to
relate with the individual states (Ahmedov, 2020). They need to em pose on obligation
cause there are several regions which are not following their rules and regulations. This is
the main recommendation which needs to be addressed in an effective manner.
 In the European Union they can take different decisions while involving other members
(Delendik, 2021). They can bind the members of several stares and various citizens while
implementing new evolvement in the law
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been analysed that European Union has multiple policies
and regulations which help the countries to move the goods and services freely. There are
multiple advantages which could be taken by the regions in an effective manner. On the Other
hand, the main focus of this report is to understand the trade history of the particular region.
There are various trade instruments which includes Stocks, Exchange Traded funds (EFT)s
forward and future contracts and currency derivatives etc. Along with that, there are multiple
challenges which arise while implementing the particular laws and policies. For further instance,
the wide impact is one the markets like fisheries, agriculture and other markets. There are
multiple recommendation which has been suggested in the European Union to make it more
better in every manner.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmedov, I., 2020. The impact of digital economy on international trade. European Journal of
Business and Management Research, 5(4).
Delendik, K.Y., 2021. Factoring and Forfaiting as Tools for Financing International Trade.
Fruscione, A., 2022. Import Operations into the European Union Require Established Operators
(Or Identification of an Indirect Customs Representative). Global Trade and Customs
Journal, 17(6).
Garg, S., Mahajan, N. and Ghosh, J., 2022. Artificial Intelligence as an Emerging Technology in
Global Trade: The Challenges and Possibilities. In Handbook of Research on Innovative
Management Using AI in Industry 5.0 (pp. 98-117). IGI Global.
Guzhva, I., Nebotov, P. and Ivanov, Y., 2019. Foreign trade policy for integration into global
value chains. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), pp.24-29.
Osabuohien, E.S., Beecroft, I. and Efobi, U.R., 2018. Global trade and trade protection in a
globalised world. Transnational Corporations Review, 10(1), pp.43-52.
Spartak, A.N. and Likhachev, A.E.E., 2018. Long-term trends and new developments in
international trade. Russian Foreign Economic Journal, (2), pp.7-24.
Winn, J.K., 2019. Trade Facilitation, Digital Transformation and the Emergence of Global Trade
Platforms. Digital Transformation and the Emergence of Global Trade Platforms (June
30, 2019).