Cell Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells: A Biology Report

This report provides an overview of cell compartmentalization, focusing on the key organelles within eukaryotic cells. It begins with an introduction to the concept of cellular compartmentalization, emphasizing the importance of specialized structures within cells. The discussion section delves into three main compartments: mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell responsible for ATP production; the nucleus, which houses the genetic material and controls cell division; and lysosomes, which contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal. The report explains the structure and function of each organelle, including the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus, and the hydrolytic enzymes within lysosomes. The conclusion summarizes the importance of compartmentalization for successful cellular processes and highlights the roles of the mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes in these processes.

Running head : COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF CELLS
Compartmentalization of cells
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1COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF CELLS
Introduction:
Cells are not the structure of protein lipids and other molecules. Rather all cells are
comprised of well-defined structure or component each specialization in particular function of
the cell (Derocles et al. 2016). Many biochemical processes take place in an intercellular
membrane system creates a compartment for the successfully performing these processes
(Matsumura et al. 2017). This paper will illustrate compartmentalization for energy, molecules
for the synthesis of new cells and chemicals for secretion in the following paragraphs.
Discussion:
There are three main compartmentalization observed human cells. These compartments
include mitochondria, nucleus, and lysosomes.
Most eukaryotic cells contain many mitochondria, which occupies up to 25 percent of the
cytoplasm. Mitochondria considered as the powerhouse since it is the main site for ATP
production during the aerobic metabolism. Mitochondria contain inner and outer membrane
separated by inter-membrane space (Damasceno et al. 2016). An outer membrane composed of
protein-based pores that allow the ions and molecules size of the small protein. Inner membrane
contains protein involves in electron transport and ATP synthesis (Lemaître et al. 2015). This
membrane surrounds the mitochondrial matrix where the TCA cycle produces electron that
travels from one complex to next in membrane. At the end of this the electron transport chain,
oxygen accepts the final electron and simultaneously transport chain produce ATP (Lemaître et
al. 2015).
The nucleus is the most prominent organelles as compared to the other cell organelles,
which account for approximately 10% of the cell weight (Lemaître et al. 2015). It consists of the
nuclear membrane, nucleolus, nucleus pores, and chromosomes. Nuclear membrane double-

2COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF CELLS
layered membrane and the outer layer connected with the endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus
communicates through other parts of the cell through an exchange DNA, RNA required for cell
division (Derocles et al. 2016). The nucleolus is a dense, spherical-shaped structure inside the
nucleus. Nucleolus plays a massive role in producing ribosome for protein synthesis, which is
required for the cell division. Chromosomes are present in the nucleus in the form of stringent
DNA with histones. These are the crucial component of cell division (Matsumura et al. 2017).
The lysosome is a membranous sac containing the hydrolytic enzyme that animal cells
used for digest macromolecules (Matsumura et al. 2017). The digestive enzymes include
glycosidase, proteases, sulfatases. Membranes contain the enzymes because the enzymes are
hydrolytic in nature and release of these enzymes can destroy the rest of the cells. The
membranous sac aids the lysosomes infusing with other vesicles for gaining components of
them. The membrane also helped in engulfing the other substances during digestive processes. If
no nutrient is provided, the digestive enzymes digest other organelles for the nutrient (Derocles
et al. 2016).
Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that well-defined compartments in the human cells are crucial
for successfully conducting normal cellular processes. Three main components of the cell
involve in crucial cellular processes. These compartments are including mitochondria, nucleus,
and lysosomes. Mitochondria help in ATP production with the help of its compartments whereas
nucleus take part in cell division ad lysosomes helps in the digestive processes.

3COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF CELLS
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