European History Report: Countries, Cities, and Historical Context

This comprehensive report provides an in-depth exploration of European history, encompassing socio-economic aspects, city tours, and historical timelines of various countries. The report is divided into four main sections: socio-economic overviews of Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and Turkey; detailed city tours of Paris, Barcelona, Rome, Budapest, Vienna, and Berlin, highlighting key landmarks and historical context; walking tours of Barcelona, Rome, Sofia, Ljubljana, Prague, Dresden, Vienna, and Amsterdam, offering insights into their cultural and architectural significance; and finally, historical overviews of Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, and Italy, covering key events and periods. The report is a valuable resource for understanding the multifaceted history of Europe.

EUROPEAN HISTORY

Table of Contents
SECTION 1: SOCIO- ECONOMIC................................................................................................1
AUSTRIA........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
Geography..............................................................................................................................1
Economy.................................................................................................................................3
Politics....................................................................................................................................4
Tourism...................................................................................................................................4
Society....................................................................................................................................5
Language Lesson....................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................6
BELGIUM.......................................................................................................................................6
Introduction............................................................................................................................6
Geography..............................................................................................................................6
Economy.................................................................................................................................8
Politics....................................................................................................................................9
Tourism.................................................................................................................................10
Society..................................................................................................................................11
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................11
Conclusion............................................................................................................................11
CROATIA......................................................................................................................................12
Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
Geography............................................................................................................................12
Economy...............................................................................................................................13
Politics..................................................................................................................................15
Tourism.................................................................................................................................15
Society..................................................................................................................................16
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................17
Conclusion............................................................................................................................17
CZECH REPUBLIC......................................................................................................................17
Introduction..........................................................................................................................17

Geography............................................................................................................................17
Economy...............................................................................................................................19
Politics..................................................................................................................................20
Tourism.................................................................................................................................20
Society..................................................................................................................................21
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................22
Conclusion............................................................................................................................22
FRANCE........................................................................................................................................22
Introduction..........................................................................................................................22
Geography............................................................................................................................22
Economy...............................................................................................................................24
Politics..................................................................................................................................25
Tourism.................................................................................................................................26
Society..................................................................................................................................26
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................27
Conclusion............................................................................................................................27
GERMANY...................................................................................................................................28
Introduction..........................................................................................................................28
Geography............................................................................................................................28
Economy...............................................................................................................................30
Politics..................................................................................................................................31
Tourism.................................................................................................................................31
Society..................................................................................................................................32
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................32
Conclusion............................................................................................................................33
GREECE........................................................................................................................................33
Introduction..........................................................................................................................33
Geography............................................................................................................................33
Economy...............................................................................................................................34
Politics..................................................................................................................................35
Tourism.................................................................................................................................36

Society..................................................................................................................................36
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................37
Conclusion............................................................................................................................37
HUNGARY....................................................................................................................................37
Introduction..........................................................................................................................37
Geography............................................................................................................................37
Economy...............................................................................................................................38
Politics..................................................................................................................................39
Tourism.................................................................................................................................39
Society..................................................................................................................................39
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................40
Conclusion............................................................................................................................40
ITALY............................................................................................................................................40
Introduction..........................................................................................................................40
Geography............................................................................................................................40
Economy...............................................................................................................................41
Politics..................................................................................................................................42
Tourism.................................................................................................................................42
Society..................................................................................................................................43
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................43
Conclusion............................................................................................................................44
NETHER LANDS.........................................................................................................................44
Introduction..........................................................................................................................44
Geography............................................................................................................................44
Economy...............................................................................................................................45
Politics..................................................................................................................................46
Tourism.................................................................................................................................47
Society..................................................................................................................................47
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................48
Conclusion............................................................................................................................49
SPAIN............................................................................................................................................49

Introduction..........................................................................................................................49
Geography............................................................................................................................49
Economy...............................................................................................................................50
Politics..................................................................................................................................51
Tourism.................................................................................................................................52
Society..................................................................................................................................52
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................53
Conclusion............................................................................................................................53
SWITZERLAND...........................................................................................................................53
Introduction..........................................................................................................................53
Geography............................................................................................................................53
Economy...............................................................................................................................55
Politics..................................................................................................................................56
Tourism.................................................................................................................................56
Society..................................................................................................................................56
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................57
Conclusion............................................................................................................................57
TURKEY.......................................................................................................................................57
Introduction..........................................................................................................................57
Geography............................................................................................................................57
Economy...............................................................................................................................59
Politics..................................................................................................................................60
Tourism.................................................................................................................................60
Society..................................................................................................................................61
Language Lesson..................................................................................................................62
Conclusion............................................................................................................................62
SECTION 2: CITY TOURS..........................................................................................................63
PARIS............................................................................................................................................63
1. Place Charles De Gaulle...................................................................................................63
2. Arc de Triomphe...............................................................................................................63
3. Champs Elysées................................................................................................................63

4. Statue of Charles de Gaulle..............................................................................................63
5. Petit Palais........................................................................................................................64
6. Palais Elysées...................................................................................................................64
7. Place de la Concorde........................................................................................................64
8. Obelisk of Luxor...............................................................................................................64
9. Hotel Crillon.....................................................................................................................65
10. Admiralty Headquarters.................................................................................................65
11. Maxim’s Restaurant........................................................................................................65
12. Eglise de la Madeleine....................................................................................................65
FILLER (Coco Chanel)........................................................................................................65
13. Palais Garnier (Opera House).........................................................................................66
Filler (Joan of Arc)...............................................................................................................66
14. Rue de Rivoli..................................................................................................................66
15. Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel.......................................................................................66
16. Pyramid (Louvre entrance).............................................................................................67
17.Institut de France............................................................................................................67
18.Hotel des Monnaies........................................................................................................67
19.Ille de la Cite..................................................................................................................67
20.Conciergerie .................................................................................................................67
21.Hotel de Ville..................................................................................................................68
22.Isle St. Louis....................................................................................................................68
23.The River Seine...............................................................................................................68
FILLER(The Guillotine ).....................................................................................................68
24.Pont d’Austerlitz..............................................................................................................68
25.Jardin des Plantes............................................................................................................69
26.Menagerie........................................................................................................................69
27.Sorbonne University........................................................................................................69
28.St. Geneviève (Statue).....................................................................................................69
29.Notre Dame (15)..............................................................................................................69
30.Statue of Charlemagne....................................................................................................70
31.Place Saint Michel...........................................................................................................70

32.Latin Quarter...................................................................................................................70
33.Sainte Chapelle................................................................................................................70
34.Palais du Justice...............................................................................................................70
35.Pont Neuf.........................................................................................................................71
36.Statue of Henri of Navarre..............................................................................................71
37.Ponte des Arts..................................................................................................................71
38.Musée du Louvre (20).....................................................................................................71
39.Musée d’Orsay.................................................................................................................72
40.Jardin des Tuileries..........................................................................................................72
41.L’Orangerie.....................................................................................................................72
42.Pont de la Concorde.........................................................................................................72
43.National Assembly..........................................................................................................72
44.Grande Palais...................................................................................................................73
45.Pont Alexander III...........................................................................................................73
46.Esplanades des Invalides.................................................................................................73
47.Hotel des Invalides..........................................................................................................73
48.Musée Rodin....................................................................................................................73
49.Église du Dome...............................................................................................................73
FILLER(Morris Columns)....................................................................................................74
50.École Militaire.................................................................................................................74
51.Champ de Mars................................................................................................................74
52.Eiffel Tower (25).............................................................................................................74
53.Pont d’Iena.......................................................................................................................74
54.Palais Chaillot (15)..........................................................................................................74
FILLER(Edith Piaf)..............................................................................................................74
55.Statue of Benjamin Franklin............................................................................................74
56.Statue of Général Foch....................................................................................................74
57.Général Jean Baptiste Kleber..........................................................................................74
Barcelona.......................................................................................................................................75
1.Parc de Joan Miro & Dona i Ocell Column......................................................................75
2.Arenas ...............................................................................................................................75

3.Placa d'Espanya & The Monumental Fountain ................................................................75
4.Two Towers ......................................................................................................................75
5.La Font Magica (Magic Fountain)....................................................................................75
6.Palau Nacional (National Palace)......................................................................................75
FILLER(Tibidabo)...............................................................................................................75
7.Montjuic............................................................................................................................75
8.Poble Espanol....................................................................................................................76
9.1992 Olympic Games Complex........................................................................................76
10.Olympic Stadium.............................................................................................................76
11.Miro Foundation..............................................................................................................76
12.Montjuic Cable Car.........................................................................................................76
FILLER(Antonio Gaudi Montserrat)...................................................................................76
13.Montjuic Castel (cannot see)...........................................................................................76
14.Sardana Dancers..............................................................................................................76
15.Barcelona Port.................................................................................................................76
16.World Trade Centre.........................................................................................................77
17.Monument a Colon (Columbus)......................................................................................77
18.La Rambla.......................................................................................................................77
19.Maremagnum/ Aquarium................................................................................................77
FILLER(Caganer Statues)....................................................................................................77
20.Estacio de Franca.............................................................................................................77
21.Parc de la Citadel.............................................................................................................77
22.Zoo...................................................................................................................................77
FILLER(Flamenco)..............................................................................................................77
23.Castell dels Tres Dragons................................................................................................77
24.Arc de Triomf..................................................................................................................78
FILLER(Christopher Columbus)..........................................................................................78
Christopher Columbus was a colonizer and was born in Geneva. ......................................78
25.Placa de Braus Monumental Bullring..............................................................................78
26.La Sagrada Familia (15)..................................................................................................78
ROME............................................................................................................................................78

1.Palazzo di Giustizia...........................................................................................................78
2.Castel St Angelo................................................................................................................78
3.Passetto di Borgo...............................................................................................................78
FILLER(Popes)....................................................................................................................78
4.Vatican City and St Peter’s (20)........................................................................................78
5.Tiber River.........................................................................................................................79
6.Regina Coeli Prison...........................................................................................................79
FILLER(Saint Peter) ...........................................................................................................79
7. Villa Farnesina..................................................................................................................79
8. Ponte Sisto (Sisto Bridge)................................................................................................79
9. Synagogue and Jewish Quarter........................................................................................79
10. Tiber Island.....................................................................................................................79
11. Ponte Cestio (Cestio Bridge)..........................................................................................79
FILLER(Fountain)................................................................................................................79
12. Trastevere ......................................................................................................................79
13. Santa Sabina ..................................................................................................................80
14. Knights of Malta.............................................................................................................80
Filler (Mussolini)..................................................................................................................80
15. Circus Maximus..............................................................................................................80
16. Palatine Hill....................................................................................................................80
17. Mouth of Truth..............................................................................................................80
Filler (Seven Hills of Rome)................................................................................................80
18. Temple of Hercules........................................................................................................81
19. Temple of Fortune Virilis...............................................................................................81
20. Theatre of Marcellus.......................................................................................................81
BUDAPEST...................................................................................................................................81
1. Margaret Island and Bridge..............................................................................................81
2. Csaszar- Komjadi pool.....................................................................................................81
3. Turkish Baths....................................................................................................................81
4. Church of St. Anne...........................................................................................................81
5. Calvinist Church (Szilagyi square)...................................................................................81

Filler (Sziget Festival)..........................................................................................................82
6. Chain Bridge.....................................................................................................................82
7. Fisherman's Bastion..........................................................................................................82
8. Buda Castle and Hill.........................................................................................................82
9. Trinity Square...................................................................................................................82
10. St Stephen.......................................................................................................................82
11. Plague Monument...........................................................................................................82
12. Matthias Church.............................................................................................................82
Filler (The Grand Cafes)......................................................................................................82
13. Gellert Hill......................................................................................................................82
14. Citadel.............................................................................................................................83
15. Liberation Monument.....................................................................................................83
16. Danube............................................................................................................................83
17. Elizabeth Bridge.............................................................................................................83
18. Pest.................................................................................................................................83
Filler(Rubik’s Cube).............................................................................................................83
19. Great Synagogues...........................................................................................................83
20. St Stephen's Basilica.......................................................................................................83
21. Andrassy Avenue............................................................................................................83
22. State Opera House..........................................................................................................83
23. Oktogo............................................................................................................................84
24. House of Terror..............................................................................................................84
Filler(Blood in the water).....................................................................................................84
25. Heroes Square.................................................................................................................84
26. Kunsthalle.......................................................................................................................84
27. City Park.........................................................................................................................84
Filler(Empress Sisi)..............................................................................................................84
28. Museum of Fine Arts......................................................................................................84
Vienna............................................................................................................................................84
1.Opera House......................................................................................................................84
2.Statue of Goethe................................................................................................................84

3.Statue of Mozart................................................................................................................85
4.Burggarten.........................................................................................................................85
FILLER(Almdudler).............................................................................................................85
5.Fine Arts Museum.............................................................................................................85
6.Statue of Maria Theresa.....................................................................................................85
7.Natural History Museum...................................................................................................85
8.Republik Denkmal.............................................................................................................85
9.Volksgarten........................................................................................................................85
10.Parliament........................................................................................................................85
FILLER(Ringstrasse)...........................................................................................................85
11.Karl Renner.....................................................................................................................86
12.Burg Theatre r..................................................................................................................86
13.Rathaus l..........................................................................................................................86
14.University l......................................................................................................................86
15.Votive Kirche l................................................................................................................86
FILLER(klimt).....................................................................................................................86
16.Stock Exchange (Borse)..................................................................................................86
17.Danube Canal..................................................................................................................86
18.Jewish Quarter.................................................................................................................86
19.Prater................................................................................................................................86
20.Urania Building...............................................................................................................86
FILLER(Same Love Pedestrian Traffic Lights)...................................................................87
21.Radetsky Statue...............................................................................................................87
22.Museum of Applied Art...................................................................................................87
23.Leuger Monument...........................................................................................................87
24.Stadtpark..........................................................................................................................87
25.Johan Strauss Jnr.............................................................................................................87
26.Kursalon..........................................................................................................................87
27.Schwartzenburg Statue....................................................................................................87
28.Russian Monument..........................................................................................................87
BERLIN ........................................................................................................................................88

1. Berlin Town Hall..............................................................................................................88
2. TV Tower.........................................................................................................................88
3. Marx- Engels Platz...........................................................................................................88
Filler (Ritter Sport)...............................................................................................................88
4. Museum Island.................................................................................................................88
5. Berliner Dom....................................................................................................................88
6. Altes Museum...................................................................................................................88
7. Neues Museum.................................................................................................................89
8. Alte National Gallerie.......................................................................................................89
9. Pergamon Museum...........................................................................................................89
10. German History Museum...............................................................................................89
11. Neue Wache/ New Watch..............................................................................................89
12. Humboldt University......................................................................................................89
13. Bebelpatz........................................................................................................................89
Filler (Berlin Bears)..............................................................................................................89
14. Unter Den Linden ..........................................................................................................89
15. Russian Embassy............................................................................................................90
16. Hotel Adlon....................................................................................................................90
Filler (Curry Wurst)..............................................................................................................90
17. Reichstag........................................................................................................................90
18. Chancellery(Bundeskanzleramt)....................................................................................90
Filler (Ampelmann)..............................................................................................................90
19. Carillon Tower...............................................................................................................90
20.House of the Cultures of the world..................................................................................90
21. The River Spree..............................................................................................................90
22. President's place.............................................................................................................91
23. Siegessaule/Victory Monument......................................................................................91
24. Strasse des 17 Juni..........................................................................................................91
Filler (The Berlin Wall)........................................................................................................91
25. Tiergarten.......................................................................................................................91
26.Russian War Memorial....................................................................................................91