LC462: Success of End of Life Strategies in Professional Practice

This essay critically evaluates the success of end-of-life strategies, focusing on professional practice within the United Kingdom and Switzerland. The introduction establishes the core concepts, including the End of Life strategy launched in the UK and the significance of patient care and involvement in end-of-life decisions. The main body delves into the UK's approach, emphasizing the importance of palliative care, rapid response services, and staff training. It contrasts this with the Swiss context, where assisted suicide is legal, exploring organizations like Dignitas and Lifecircle. The essay analyzes statistical data to compare attitudes toward end-of-life choices in both countries and discusses the viewpoints of theorists such as Karl Marx and Patricia Hill Collins in relation to these strategies. Advantages and disadvantages of these strategies are considered. Diagrams illustrate the implementation in both countries. The essay concludes by synthesizing the findings, highlighting the differences in end-of-life care between the UK and Switzerland and the impact of social and cultural factors. The essay also examines the roles of euthanasia and assisted suicide.

CONTEMPORARY
DEBATES

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...........................................................................................................................3
Diagrams showing End of Life Strategy.................................................................................5
SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The end of life strategy states caring up of various patients for ensuring good life
experience until their death. It was launched by the department of health in 2008. From the
analysis many patient ends up giving their life up in acute hospitals and might not
experience absolute care until their deaths (Todaro-Franceschi, 2019). With an approach
that families and care takers might not be involved in end of life decisions, patient can
receive continue treatment when it is not in their best interest and might not return home
as per their wish (Bergerson and Kahveci, 2018). In common terms various individuals
from various countries live to the fullest of their lives and doesn't compromise on the
quality of life being offered to them. This concept of end of life strategy, provides comfort in
life being of various individuals suffering from any old age problems or any life ending
disease (Sinclair, 2017). In this various hospitals don’t recognise that providing of personal
healthcare techniques is one of its core roles and responsibility, therefore staff working in
the hospital is not being trained in that manner. With addition to that, it is being assumed
that death should not be represented as the lack of healthcare techniques. In the
presented report, various argument considering healthcare structures of Switzerland and
United Kingdom will be presented (Bland and et. al., 2017). With addition to that,
respective argument will be supported with reliable references as well as theories.
MAIN BODY
The End of Life is a strategy which focuses in number of issues affecting dying and
death in England. With evaluation of results being extracted from conducting survey from
various individuals. Some of the people die stating their lack of interest in living the life
while some desire to live but are not capable of living due to any disease or inability
(Urden, Stacy and Lough, 2017). The overall aim of this strategy is to provide better
coordination of service, availability of palliative care, fast response nursing services and
also ensuring effective training programs to various staffs working in a healthcare institute.
This assessment should include the nature of the condition, the patient’s living
arrangements, social circumstances, experience of healthcare, approach to life and
psychological well-being, mental health status, and cultural, spiritual and religious views. In
respect to considering population of Switzerland, the nation had set few organisations
which provides with strategy of life for the interested humans across the country. It is to be
estimated that one person goes to Dignitas in Switzerland from the UK for an assisted
suicide. Dignitas is a non-profit member's organisation which is near Zurih. The motto of
the organisation is to providing life to various individual inside the organisation to the fullest

of dignity and to die with dignity as well. With addition to this, there is another organisation
that works on the same principle in the respective nation the name of that organisation is
Lifecircle. It is near Basle; it also provides medical assistance to various people with health
related issues. Although some other countries have right-to-die legislation, Switzerland is
the only country which accepts foreign nationals for a legal medically assisted suicide. In
Switzerland assisting suicide is not a crime (Cullen and et. al., 2017). For a Swiss doctor to
support an assisted suicide by providing a prescription for a lethal medication, the person
must be suffering intolerably from a severe illness, and have a medical diagnosis which is
documented by doctors and/or clinician’s reports (Monroe, 2018). However, there is no
requirement for the illness to be “terminal”, nor for any life expectancy limit such as being
expected to die within 6 months. Careful checks are made by the Swiss organisations to
ensure that the person requesting the assisted suicide is mentally competent, not suffering
from depression, and is acting on their own wish, rather than being persuaded by others.
(Source: Britons and healthcare workers agree that terminally ill patients should be able to
end their life on their own terms - without fear of friends and relatives facing prison)
As by analysing the above chart, it could be said that most of individuals prefer to
opt for assisted suicides in the given region. However, there is also a short count of
individuals who are against this concept. By critically evaluating the chart, it could be said
that mentality of people of respective region is more open minded. As by their statement
suggested that, if an individual is in a problem or an issue, that will not let that individual
have a peaceful life ahead. Therefore, as per their point of view they should end their life
Statistic of support of this strategy.

by taking assistance from concerned authorities.
As per view points of Karl Marx, they made a standpoints that defines three basic
principles that are, knowledge is socially situated, marginalized groups are socially
situated in ways that make it more possible for them to be aware of things and ask
questions than it is for the non-marginalized and lastly, researches that are being focused
on power relations must begin with lives of marginalized. Whereas, theorist Patricia Hill
Collins, argued that knowledge gained by an individual must be focused towards social
purpose. As per his view points, it is being said that various researchers and theorist have
ignored marginalized women and feminist ways of thinking. With addition to that,
discussing went further in the part that oppressed class get easy access to knowledge
when compared to privileged class. However, as in the modern society various thoughts or
ideas presented by both the theorist seems to be diminishing.
As in the modern society various theories and principles of life are set open minded.
With further assistance “End of strategy”, is one of an extension to it. The theory states
that assisted suicides would prove to be more beneficial for the society as compared to
unassisted suicides (Standpoint theory, 2021 and Feminist Perspectives on Class and
Work, 2004).
Advantages of End of Life strategy theory
This strategy proves to be an only way which provide professional independent
counselling session to various individuals for providing real facts prior before committing
suicide. It brings to light various options and options available to them and carefully study
those facts before committing suicide. With addition to that, respective strategy is a legal
access to appropriate medication which ensures a quick and painless exit into sleep and
eventually death. Various individual who desired to end their lives can be accompanied by
family and friends.
Disadvantages of End of Life Strategy theory
There is a risk of criminal investigation who assisted another person for taking such
medical attention. The DPP guidelines gives a clear guideline on the factor which tends
towards and against prosecution in cases like this. In most of the nation such organisation
or practise is considered to be illegal. Moreover, some of the individual undertaking such
treatment might go through unsatisfactory results, as due to poor physical health and
mental competence.

Diagrams showing End of Life Strategy in UK
Figure 1 Life strategy in England UK
As by critically analysing the above graph, it could be analysed that, their various
number of individual deaths in the region. Furthermore, it could be said that as per
interpretation of graph, that clearly shows that major death took place in hospitals with
comparison to care homes, homes and other. It can be said that, the hospital uses end of
life strategy to various individual those who desire of ending their lives. In the process
being proper concealing sessions are provided to various patients and after that if they are
willing to exit this world, they are given assistance for ending their lives.
Graph showing End of life strategy in Switzerland

Figure 1 Graph showing results of Life End strategy in Switzerland
By comparing both the graphs showing total number of suicide cases reported in
the following years. It can be analysed that, as per clear interpretation of both the graphs it
can be said that development of organisation that promoted End of Life strategy in the
nation. Further it can be analysed that, there are more number of assisted suicides rather
than unassisted suicides in both the nations. Therefore, adoption of respective strategy
helped in lowering down outraged deaths in the nation by providing adequate counselling
sessions to various patience in both the countries.
As per article published in SWI, when compared to Switzerland, UK have more
number of social care homes. This presents a clear image of the nation that, there is large
number of stress and frustrations which could be caused due to job roles or because of
any other personal issues. On the other hand, in Switzerland, with evaluation to the data
from the above chart, it could be analysed that, there are more number of assisted
suicides rather then unassisted suicides. It could be said that Switzerland is more
organised nation wherein, governing body of the nation takes care of all individuals
residing in the region. End of life strategies in UK, England represents an important

milestone for health and social care. It was observed to the most comprehensive
framework aimed at promoting high quality care across the country for adults approaching
the end of life strategy. They are being facilitated by high quality care across the region
and provides best living facilities to them in their end stages of life. On the other hand,
Switzerland, as the country has more number of assisted suicides in the nation as
compared to unassisted suicides, various social care institutes are more concerned to
provide curative treatment and acute care to various patients and provide them with
ultimate solutions for making their lives more enjoyable for if not they are being suggested
to end their life as no more productive efforts are to be produced any-more in their life
(Why is Switzerland behind in palliative care, 2016).
According to Nicola Davis, due to rise in stress in various people residing in nations
of England and Switzerland. The probable cause of stress might include cut throat
competition in life span of various individuals living in both the respective nations. Most of
them with pressure of earning their livelihood prefer to end their lives to avoid pressure of
living their respective life as a below poverty life. As both the nations are well developed
and progressive, due to day to day progress of the nations in various fields many people
are finding it difficult to adopt as per the pace of development. By establishment of various
organisations that followed up principles of End of Life strategy, it helped many people
after getting counselling sessions to change up their minds and move ahead with good
motivation and sense of being happy in various situations of lives.
Social theory refers to various ideas, thought-experiments, hypotheses and
explanatory speculations about the human society. Social theory should encompass the
range of explanatory concepts, heuristic devices and analytic tools, on which various
sociologist as well as social scientists draw their efforts for interpretation of statically or
quantitative data about particular empirical social phenomena. Social theory is a narrow
concept. As social theory in most of its central concerns names only a practice of
systematic theoretical thinking relevant to particular substantive problems or questions in
sociology and other social-science disciplines, some headings in this bibliographical
survey of the field will be found to overlap thematically with other Oxford
Bibliographies entries in sociology (Duflou and et. al., 2018). The main difference between
euthanasia and assisted suicide is who performs the final, fatal act,” said Richard
Huxtable, professor of medical ethics and law at the University of Bristol. Euthanasia refers
to active steps taken to end someone’s life to stop their suffering and the final deed is
undertaken by someone other than the individual, for example a doctor. Assisted suicide is
about helping someone to take their own life at their request – in other words the final

deed is undertaken by the person themselves (Hopeck and Harrison, 2017). Assisted
dying can be used to mean both euthanasia, generally voluntary, and assisted suicide;
however, some campaign groups use it to refer only to assisted suicide of terminally ill
people. One of the dilemmas we have in these ongoing debates is how people use the
various phrases,” says Huxtable. Most, but not all, jurisdictions that allow some form of
euthanasia or assisted suicide require the involvement of medical professionals.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology which was presented by
Abraham Maslow in year 1943. This theory was based on various theories of human
motivation, which helps in boosting up of various efforts being produced in respective
allotted task to them (Vera, 2017). This theory of motivation provides enough motivation to
various individual for performing up of various tasks at their best of abilities and also
enhances their productivity in the task being. It helps in effective utilisation of valuable
resources and develops professionalism of work of an individual (Dustin, MacBeth and
Cunningham, 2017). It suggests that, various individuals working in an organisation posse
some of their basic needs, which is to be fulfilled by management department of the
business firm for bringing in effectiveness of respective efforts being produced in the
operational firm (Edelman, Mandle and Kudzma, 2017). This theory includes 5 stages of
motivational needs which is to provide by various staffs working in an organisation, which
helps in keeping the environment of the operational firm motivated and helps in providing
individual boost to various performances towards achievement of individual as well as
organisation goals of an organisation.
The end of life strategy adopts Maslow’s motivational theory for providing effective
counselling session to various patience came for getting treatment. It helps in boosting up
of moral of various individuals undertaking treatments and also guides them towards a
better future in their respective life span. With addition to that, another theory that could be
related to this Life End strategy is Decision making. This theory is an inclusion of
development of potential skills of an individual towards reacting on various life decision in
an effective manner. It builds up right decision making power in an individual, which
provides better path towards accomplishment of various individual life objectives and
goals.
SUMMARY
The above report presents a short guideline to End of Life strategy. The above
report is an inclusion of a brief about the concept supported with some of its pros and
cons. It addition to that, various individual situations of two countries namely Switzerland

and UK is being taken into consideration. There are various theories related to End of Life
strategy and good discussions are being made in respect to success or failure of the
strategy taking in consideration England and Switzerland nations at a time. it can be
summarized that, various individuals in respective nations after getting counselling
sessions were able to change up their mind of ending their respective life. On the other
hand, some of them with due permission of their family ended their life.
CONCLUSION
From the analysis of above research paper, it can be concluded that End of life
strategies is welcome by various nations, with its advantages and importance identifies by
various individuals. With lighting up to various advantages of this theory it provides a clear
vision of life to various individuals living in various nations. With addition to that, it can be
analysed from the above discussion that in nations like UK and Switzerland, as the
decision taken by respective government bodies of the nation to establish various
organisation that promotes strategy of Ending life more strategically. It can be analysed
that there are lesser number of suicidal count reported in both of the respective nations
and are comparatively lesser number of assisted suicides rather than unassisted suicides
in nations.

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