Evidence-Based Practice in Healthcare: A Literature Review

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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
LO1-.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P2.......................................................................................................................................................4
M1.....................................................................................................................................................5
D1......................................................................................................................................................6
LO2-.......................................................................................................................................................7
P3.......................................................................................................................................................7
P4.......................................................................................................................................................8
M2.....................................................................................................................................................9
D2....................................................................................................................................................10
LO3-.....................................................................................................................................................11
P5.....................................................................................................................................................11
P6.....................................................................................................................................................12
M3...................................................................................................................................................14
LO4-.....................................................................................................................................................16
D3....................................................................................................................................................16
P7.....................................................................................................................................................17
P8.....................................................................................................................................................18
M4...................................................................................................................................................19
References...........................................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
The most accurate definition of evidence-based practice (EBP) has been stated by Dr. David
Sackett as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making
decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical
expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research"
(Sackett., 1997). It is considered very important because it aims towards providing the best
possible care which is available and focuses towards improving results and satisfaction.
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LO1-
P1.
Conducting a research is a very crucial step while following an evidence-based practice as it
helps to understand whether or not the practice is resulting in the expected manner (Burns
& Grove., 2010). Research done to enable evidence-based practice in health care are of two
types, qualitative and quantitative. Both qualitative and quantitative methods helps to
gather important knowledge for the practice; however, it is a complex and crucial task to
identify which one amongst both is suitable to gather answers for specific questions
(Östlund., 2011). The first task while conducting a research if to generate a list of questions
to be addressed, after formulating the questions the next step is to review the literature,
post which comes rating the strength and quality of evidence and relating the findings to the
clinical practice (Straus et al., 2018). Research on evidence-based practice takes sufficient
time and meticulous thought process; however, the greatest challenge is the practical
application of the findings.
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P2.
A literature review is an overview of chosen major scholar writings from various sources on
any selected topic (Boaz et al., 2011). It presents a description, summarization, and
evaluation of the mentioned sources. The qualities needed to conduct a literature review in
the field of health and social care includes having a keen observation which helps in
choosing a work topic narrowly and the ability to evaluate the reading materials available.
The ability to organize and being able to present a good description and argument are
necessary as well. Thorough meticulous understanding of the topic and an objective way of
presenting the review is very critical in conducting a good detailed literature review in
health and social care (Schaffer et al., 2013).
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M1.
I have a great interest towards researching, which makes the whole process enjoyable for
me. I am an avid reader and passionate towards health and social care, due to which I am
aware of the topics I would be interested to choose. I believe I will be able to do justice to
the topics I choose to work on, and due to my habit of reading I will be able to collect more
data from various sources and organize it as per the expectation one has from a literature
review. I am well aware that a literature review is not just limited to describing several
articles from various sources, a literature review should be able to depict thorough
understanding of the chosen topic (Schaffer et al., 2013). It should proceed to a meaningful
conclusion while creating a strong argument. I understand that one should have an
objective approach towards the review and the project on hand should complement with
the literature which already exists on the chosen topic (Schaffer et al., 2013).
D1.
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Ethics can be grossly defined as a written or/and unwritten set of rules which are supposed
to be guiding our expectations from self and others (Ciulla., 2014). There is a broad variation
and various agreements and disagreements associated with ethics. Ethical behaviour is
important while conducting a research as it has a significant influence on practice and
provisions in health, care, and support services. While conducting a research the researcher
should posses values like honesty and integrity (Bowling., 2014). The researcher should be
careful and responsible so as to follow all the moral as well as the legal aspects associated
with the research. The researcher should be able to avoid bias in any kind of scenario and
should be open for all outcomes. The researcher should also have respect for intellectual
property and confidentiality. One should be fully aware of the aim of the research and
completely understand their rights and limitations (Owen., 2012).
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LO2-
P3.
The chosen topic for a literature review is "Numeracy in practice." There has been a concern
of including numeracy in the clinical practice. A study was conducted at a nursing school in
United Kingdom, where a sample size of 8 was considered (Marks et al.,2016). While
practising in a clinical background, it is crucial for a professional who is responsible for drug
prescription or administration to be well aware of numeracy. It is important as even a
minute mistake in calculate the dosage of a drug can result in grave consequences as fatal as
death (Marks et al.,2016). The study conducted was a standard example of evident-based
practice as the results were interpreted and evaluated in order to get the results. A focus on
the numeracy is majorly required by a healthcare professional in the calculation of drug
dosage. A recent study conducted with 44 nurses, who were registered and practicing,
showed that almost half of the sample failed at the numeracy test (Lopez., 2016). Every
healthcare professional in their career encounter situations which require them to apply
their numeracy skills (Rogers., 2015). The risk of making an error is directly proportional to
the number of steps involved in the calculation; however, "practice makes perfect" and all
healthcare professionals should make sure that practice and master at the numeracy
involved in their field of expertise(Rogers., 2015).
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P4.
The literature search helped me to understand the value and importance of numeracy in
practice by implying that what would happen if it is not applied in practice ( Shihab., 2014).
Apart from clarifying the benefits of following numeracy in practice, the importance of
applying it is also depicted by the dangers if one fails to do so. Also, the importance of
evidence based practice and studies proving it, the use and importance of evidence-based
practice is made clear. The literature search in the current times pertaining to both
numeracy in practice and evidence-based practice is helpful and crucial in understanding
both and then applying both of them practically in the day to day work so as to improve the
quality, credibility, and value of the care being provided to the patients (Weeks et al., 2017).
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M2.
The literature review done by me in this assignment has been gathered from various
credible sources. All the recent researches have been taken into consideration and proper
credits have been given. These are all primary researches done by various researchers on
the topic associated to numeracy in practice with the background of evidence-based
practice (Marks et al.,2016). I have made sure that the work I have chosen to write about is
strictly related to the topic and is able to paint a correct picture of the importance of
numeracy based practice and evidence-based practice (Hamer, S. and Collinson.,2014 ). I
have taken in consideration various views presented by the researchers. The studies have
been conducted on different sample sizes and in a different background. However, the
importance of following numeracy based practice in healthcare and the value of evidence-
based practice remains unchanged in the researches. All three researches which I have
taken into consideration speak about these practices in great lengths and despite the
possibility of variations due to different sample sizes, focus groups, and point of views of the
researchers, they emphasize on the importance of numeracy in practice and evidence-based
practice.
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D2.
I have written a literature review and made a project proposal on numeracy in practice with
the background of evidence-based practice. The literature review which comprises of
studies from various credible sources provides a foreground to my project proposal. The
literature review puts light on the importance of following a numeracy based practice in
medical line of profession. It explains both the pros and cons of following and not following
numeracy based practice (Rogers., 2015). Keeping the literature review in mind, I was able
to formulate a project proposal which explains the aim and objective of the proposal
keeping in mind both the importance of numeracy in practice and evidence-based practice
(Marks et al.,2016). The literature review was able to direct me towards the methodology
and the ethical concerns of formulating a project proposal which has helped in making my
project proposal likely to be viable in all manners. The project proposal connects to the
literature review in a flow and continuation and is able to function practically as well when
applied.
10
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LO3-
P5.
A significant part of medical expertise is a result of education and practice; however, at the
same time a major contribution in enhancing the knowledge is a result of gathering
information from constant research (Hoffmann et al., 2013). Combining evidences from
numerous research studies which are credible in nature, and then using the findings to
improve the care and treatment of individuals is termed as evidence-based practice.
Standard medical practice when combined with evidence-based medical practice is more
likely to give better results. Evidence-based practice helps in evolving the standard practices
being followed, and without its integration there is a major chance that a patient might be
subjected to outdated services. Following evidence-based practice is likely to increase the
quality of care and patient satisfaction as a direct effect. It is likely to reduce the risks
associated with any treatment, advice, or care, as it keeps in consideration various results
observed after meticulous research and document (Hoe and Hoare., 2012). Implementation
of evidence-based practice helps searching for the best possible option instead of relying on
the age-old practices. For instance, years ago babies were put to sleep on their stomach
considering it is good for their health; however, studies showed that it could be a cause of
sudden infant death syndrome. The breakthrough result led us to the current times, where
it is recommended that infants should be made to lay on their back and not stomach.
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P6.
Project proposal:
Aim: To evaluate the importance of numeracy in practice using evidence-based practice.
Objective:
To evaluate the value of numeracy in practice in context of healthcare practice.
To provide evidence-based literature explaining the idea that numeracy in practice is
crucial in providing healthcare.
Research question:
The research question is how important is numeracy in practice when it comes to
healthcare?
As explained in the literature review, having a thorough understanding of numeracy in
practice is very crucial in reducing the risks associated with the care and treatment of a
patient. Evidence-based practice is likely to explain this by providing facts from previously
done credible research studies. Research studies can provide an insight towards such
incidences taken in consideration where numeracy in practice proved to a breakthrough
factor (Domecq e al., 2014).
Methodology:
Two major methodologies may be followed in order to understand the importance of
evidence-based practice, namely primary and secondary research (Crowe., 2011). Primary
research refers to a study where data is collected by conducting a study on a given sample
size. Whereas, secondary research takes into consideration the studies done previously
which involves the data collected by various studies at different point of time. Search can be
done by finding for related studies done previously with credible sources, and a very
important step is exclusion and inclusion of studies on the basis of their importance (Smith.,
2015).
Ethical consideration:
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