Evidence Based Practice: A Report on Autism Spectrum Disorder

This report provides an analysis of evidence-based practices related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It emphasizes the importance of research in health and social care, differentiating between qualitative and quantitative research methods. The report critically analyzes two articles, one focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on autistic individuals and another discussing the challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior associated with ASD. Methodologies, including survey methods and sampling techniques, are discussed, along with ethical considerations and limitations. The findings highlight the need for professionals to collaborate with autistic individuals and their families to provide adequate support, and the importance of cognitive behavioral therapy and social skills interventions. The report concludes with recommendations for future research and improvements in care practices, focusing on the need for personalized and evidence-based diagnostic methods and support systems.

EVIDENCE BASED
PRACTICE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Importance of research in health and social care ...........................................................................4
1.3 Presenting qualitative and quantitative research.............................................................................4
Article 2.................................................................................................................................................7
Recommendations.................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Evidence based practice include providing the study or the material with support of the suitable
evidence and the proof of stating data and information (Song and So, 2021). Evidence based practice
deeply involve use of the factual information that can be supported with the use of the right evidence in
the study executed. The major emphasis of the evidence based study is over providing the proof related
to data and information that is used to execute the entire study. Evidence based study majorly focuses
over providing the key facts and factual details that can be supported with the use of reliable and
relevant evidence and proof to support the information submitted in the study. Evidence based study is
more factual and proof oriented and also provide the reader the quality information due to the data
collected and information arranged to conduct the entire study. The current study is based on the topic
area that is Autism spectrum disorder. Articles will be analyses in this study over the study area.
Critical basis of the study executed and conducted over the article that are collected by the scholar to
present the finding of the study. Furthermore, this report will also discuss various aspects of the
methodologies that are used in the study. This involves the type of study, approach that has been taken
to execute the whole study. The method or technique used to execute the sampling practice will also
discuss in this project. Ethical consideration will be presented that are become a part of the study.
Limitations and finding of the study will present. In the end recommendations will also provide based
on the finding of the study executed.
1.2 Importance of research in health and social care
The present report is based upon the challenges of caring for an individual with Autism and this

is consider an important part in health and social care because it assist to improve the health outcomes
and this in turn contribute to improve the quality of life as well. Further, it can be stated that by
analysing the challenges pertaining to people suffering from autism analysed and provide reviews to
the same (Spain and et.al., 2021). Also, study determine the ways through which they can ensure about
the people and provide better care as well. In addition to this, the study will be communicating
effectively with individuals, group and organisation so that effective decision can be produced in a well
manner. Thus, it can be stated that the study will be contribute to understand the issue and derive better
solution for the welfare of a public.
1.3 Presenting qualitative and quantitative research
Quantitative research:
This research assist to analyse the result with the help of statistics in order to get unbiased
result. So, providing reliable outcome by conducting primary research will help to get answer of
research questions. The answer generated by the researcher are easy to understand and explained as
well (Lunsky and et.al., 2021). The outcome presented under quantitative study always in a numerical
form and many scholars also analyse outcome of previous research in order to prove the hypothesis.
Another characteristic of quantitative research is such that the outcome of quantitative research can be
used multiple times and sometimes, researcher also make a use of research for similar research problem
which reduces wastage of time.
In addition to this, when scholar uses this method, then data collection instruments include
questionnaire, polls and survey that ensure about accuracy and reliability. Thus, it can be stated that
with the help of this research type, different analysis software will be used which provide best outcome
without any unbiased result. The results will be automatically generated by using software and this
understand to organise the table, charts in an effective manner. That is why, it can be stated that with
the help of quantitative study, scholar will analyse the results in an effective manner by presenting the
conclusion effectively.
Qualitative research:
Qualitative research is completely relied on collecting non-numerical data by using different
methods in order to answer the research questions. So, researcher give more importance to concept
over figures and number. Here, researcher plays an important role because they choose the research
methods and also make a plan more effective in order to meet the defined aim. It is si because
researcher make the right observation and engage participants in a study to answer the research
questions (11 characteristic of qualitative research, 2022). In addition to this, research is also beneficial

for complex reasoning and get the result rather than direct statistical answer. This in turn assist to
explain outcome of research in better manner.
Flexibility is another characteristic of a research because it can change at different stage of a
research and as a result, researcher also make changes in their observation. Along with this, reflexivity
is also considering another important characteristic for opting qualitative research because it focuses
upon the participant’s views. and let reader understand about the trend and relationship with regard to
researcher. Another important characteristic of qualitative research is its new design and at each stage
of a research, the process changes and it helps to collect the data in an effective manner so that best
outcome can be generated. Thus, provide detail discussion about the research topic will be suitable to
get an appropriate answer and derive best outcome as well.
2.0 Article 1
The chosen article is : This may be a really good opportunity to make the world a more autism
friendly place”: Professionals’ perspectives on the effects of COVID-19 on autistic individuals. This
article is written by Debbin Spain in 2021 and the main purpose is determining the challenges as well
as determine how Autistic individual may benefit from psychological support during the time of
pandemic. den Houting (2020) utilised both methods i.e. qualitative and quantitative i.e. mixed
methodology in which questionnaire is designed on the basis of likert scale that helps to derive best
outcome. The author main aim is to highlight the risk faced by Autistic individuals during pandemic
and how it creates a direct impact over their health. Whereas, the main objective of the study is to
determine the risk faced by the individual and how the health care professionals opt the best ways
through which the challenges can be minimised. The study also consider different factors that
contribute to raise the challenge faced by Autism and affect their health as well.
In order to meet the research question, survey method has been adopted in which questionnaire
used which comprises likert scale and free text responses. The survey conducted online because in
pandemic time, it is not possible to conduct the face to face discussion, so online survey conducted.
The strength of opting this method is such that it is cost effective method and engage with participants
for short time in order to generate a better outcome. On the other side, due to low internet access, the
chances of getting accurate views has affected. This in turn causes negative impact over results (Gibbs
and et.al., 2021). Opting this method over other create a positive impact over the result because data
analysed through the means of software and this in turn provide best outcome. The reliability of
questions generated in survey also reflected that it provide best outcome without any bias.
The population for this research are those people who engage in direct work with Autistic
individual and their family. Thus, there were 46 respondents chosen and recruited via gatekeerper at

HSC and academic organisation Autistica network, social media. Yes, the participants help to meet the
defined aim because they all care giver to such people. The sample also stated that they faces
difficulties in coping with loss and changes in regular routine. Also, social communication impairment
is also considered another challenge faced by the people because they face issue to understand Autistic
view of people. This in turn reflected that chosen sample is fair enough to answer the questions and
determine their views as well to generate a better outcome. This in turn shows the reliability and
validity towards a research (Ferguson and et.al., 2021). In this research only challenges has been
discussed and to improve the same, in future when the study has been performed then there is a need to
add what helps need to be added in order to improve the condition except in critical situation. This in
turn assist to generate a better outcome and provide better treatment to health difficulties as well.
The findings reflected from the chosen article is such that professionals should work together
with autistic individual as well as with their families in order to understand the adverse circumstances
so that they can provide support to their families as well. Also, there is abruptive change observed in
the individual due to increasing autism, that is why, there is a need to make action and also make
changes so that it will help to improve the condition of people so that they can survive easily. Also, the
findings indicate that there is a need to balance in person evidence based diagnostic method which
helps to evaluate the feasibility. This in turn shows that all the participants are also generously provide
their views and reflected that there are many challenges faced by them while treating the people and
this in turn shows that they have to make action so that best outcome can be generated effectively.
Overall, the findings reflected that by including cognitive behavioural therapy that assist to
enhance tolerance of uncertainty and social skills intervention assist to meet the defined aim. Further, it
has been reflected that there is a need to due to disruption in the health and social care, there are
different issues faced and this affected the recruited caregivers in negative manner. All the ethical
consideration are also discussed in the research that help to generate a better outcome. Further, selected
participants also responded anonymously and also win the prizes as well (Selick and Jiwa, 2021). Apart
from this, it has been analysed that researcher comply with data protection and this in turn assist to
reflected that all the personal details will be kept private in order to ensure about the work is done
professionally. Also, the participants are also aware with the subject area so that they provide correct
view and also generate a better outcome. The ethical approval is granted by the supervisor in order to
ensure about the research area and this in turn causes positive impact over the result as well. Also, it
can be reflected that by complying all the principle of research. All the participant are also made aware
about the subjected area so that outcome can be generated effectively.

Article 2
Autism spectrum disorder is a condition that influence to the social interaction, communication
and behavior of an individual. This entire issue result into the fact that children do not get to socially
interact with other people further the confidence of the children remain very low due to this problem.
The problem children face in childhood which sustain in the adulthood. The studios reflect the fact that
some children suffer from the autism spectrum contain specialized skill in some art or some field which
make these children unique and different form other children from the same age group. The children
holding this problem face problems in interacting or communication with other people. The key feature
of this problem include repetitive behavior and a need of routine (van’t Hof and et.al., 2021). The key
challenge arises for the parents as they do not hold any idea how to grow or develop the children. The
children facing the problem of autism spectrum disorder lead to any issues like inappropriate touching
or invading the space of other individual. Many children inappropriate touch to other adults due to this
problem which create many social issues especially for the parents. Adults try to keep the distance from
the children due to the habits and behaviors. The children from this issue being very honest in respect
to the appearance of the other person. Flapping hand or spinning around is another issue which children
face in this situation. Many time children become very fascinated with some specific item or a product.
The children extremely displays or contain the affection of the opposite item or product. The biggest
challenge is face by the parents of the children. Due to the habits and behavior of the children many
parents feel guilty, confused, angry and disrespectful most of the times.
Professional and doctors has stated the consequences of the autism spectrum disorder involve
frustration, unresponsive, angry, disregarding to other and many such behavioral effects can be seen on
the child. This study aim to state the clear projection about the information associated with the disease.
The aim is to spread the awareness regarding the children suffering from the autism spectrum disorder.
This entire research is about to disclose all the key facts and features about the disease. The data
collection technique such as secondary method of data collection. This method or technique of
collecting the data and information allow the scholar to collect the secondary sources in order to
generate the required information to execute the whole study. Literature review is collected and the
research is searched that has occurred over the same topic by any other scholar in process to collect the
information. Articles are searched over the topic so that proper information can be collected over the
topic of study. Literature review provide a critical study or collection of information over the study
topic. The literature review cover all aspects of the topic which allow and support to the scholar for
arranging the descriptive information over the topic of study (Banker and et.al., 2021). This study could

allow all the aspects associated with the Autism spectrum disorder that provide te clear understanding
to the reader of the topic. Considering all the aspects and topic area play an important role for the
scholar to state the best suitable information over the topic of study. In order to collect the information
scholar was required to rely on over the available sources of information. The article is arranged over
the topic which became a fundamental basis to conduct the entire study. Further the scholar need to rely
on the significance of the study area. All aspects are covered and the scholar need to summarizes only
the information presented in the scholarly article. Sampling become a key part of every study
conducted. There are certain techniques that can used to execute the practice of sampling. This involve
different methods such as simple random sampling, systematic sampling and such other. The current
study has explored the use of simple random sampling technique to collect te required information over
the topic of study. This sampling allow the scholar to formulate the sampling practice very strategically.
There is not any fundamental basis that scholar creates in this method to execute thee practice of
sampling.
Scholar has validate the sources and article based on the reviews and the comments reader has
made over the article. This could allow the scholar to validate to the article that is used to execute and
deliver the entire study. Validate play an important role for the scholar to execute the entire study in the
best way possible. All principles associated to thee ethical consideration is dealt effectively in this
practice. Different principles such as minimizing the risk of harm, obtaining informed consent,
protecting anonymity and confidentiality, avoiding descriptive practices and providing the right to
withdraw are the major principles associated with the ethical considerations. There are certain
limitations which are associated with the current study is executed (Baweja and et.al., 2022). Thee
limitations involve the fact that scholar only have to rely on over the facts and information that is
presented in the study. Lack of experience and resources become the key limitation related to the study
executed. Due to the lack of experience and resource scholar do not get to support the research study in
the best way possible. The lack of experience could also face an issue in formatting the entire study.
Apart from all the limitations scholar could achieve all the aim and objective set behind executing the
research study over the topic.
Recommendations
 This is recommended that parents should consult with the professional doctor in respect to the
Autism spectrum disorder of the children. This would allow the children to get a right
consultancy eve at a early stage of the disease. Doctor will also guide the parent about how to

handle the situation of the children (Khodatars and et.al., 2021). This will certainly support to
the parents to control the situation and condition of the children.
 This is also recommended that medication is also consultant by many professional and expert to
control the situation (Berger and et.al., 2022). Medication will certainly allow to the children
suffering rom the Autism spectrum disorder to control the emotional quotient of the children.
 This is also recommended that parent should behave in front of the children suffering from the
Autism spectrum disorder in an appropriate manner so that children do not feel emotional
challenged in any situation (Chetcuti and et.al., 2021). This would create a massive difference
in the behavior of the children at such a young stage.
CONCLUSION
Autism spectrum disorder is a medical condition face by the children. This medical condition or
situation allow to the children facing issuing like irritation, irritating at small events and many such
issues. All these issues create a massive challenge for the children as they face the issue related to lack
of confidence and mental situation. Scholar reflected in the article that this medical situation and
condition completely destroy the self-confidence of the children at such a young age. The kids do not
feel confident socially in this condition. This medical situation completely influence to the mental state
of the children. This study has involved the articles over the topic of study. Secondary research has
been done in the study along with primary study. This is important that parent of the child facing the
issue of Autism spectrum disorder in a very appropriate manner to cure the mental state of the children
in an appropriate manner.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Banker, S. M. and et.al., 2021. Hippocampal contributions to social and cognitive deficits in autism
spectrum disorder. Trends in neurosciences. 44(10). pp.793-807.
Baweja, R. and et.al., 2022. COVID-19 pandemic and impact on patients with autism spectrum
disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 52(1). pp.473-482.
Berger, N. I. and et.al., 2022. Characterizing available tools for synchronous virtual assessment of
toddlers with suspected autism spectrum disorder: A brief report. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders. 52(1). pp.423-434.
Chetcuti, L. and et.al., 2021. Temperament in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A
systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review. p.101984.
den Houting, J., 2020. Stepping out of isolation: Autistic people and COVID-19. Autism in
Adulthood. 2(2). pp.103-105.
Ferguson, E.F. and et.al., 2021. Predictors of Satisfaction with Autism Treatment Services During
COVID-19. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, pp.1-12.
Gibbs, V. and et.al., 2021. Autism assessment via telehealth during the Covid 19 pandemic:
Experiences and perspectives of autistic adults, parents/carers and clinicians. Research in
autism spectrum disorders. 88. p.101859.
Khodatars, M. and et.al., 2021. Deep learning for neuroimaging-based diagnosis and rehabilitation of
autism spectrum disorder: a review. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 139. p.104949.
Lunsky, Y. and et.al., 2021. “The doctor will see you now”: Direct support professionals’ perspectives
on supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities accessing health care
during COVID-19. Disability and Health Journal, p.101066.
Selick, A. and Jiwa, M. I., 2021. “The doctor will see you now”: Direct support professionals’
perspectives on supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities accessing
health care during COVID-19.
Song, X. K. and So, W. C., 2021. The influence of child-based factors and parental inputs on
expressive language abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism,
p.13623613211054597.
Spain, D. and et.al., 2021. “This may be a really good opportunity to make the world a more autism
friendly place”: Professionals’ perspectives on the effects of COVID-19 on autistic
individuals. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 83. p.101747.
van’t Hof, M. and et.al., 2021. Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A systematic review and
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Autism challenge faced, 2022. [ONLINE]. Available Through:
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