Evolution of Democracy: Examining Historical Changes and Impacts

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of democracy, tracing its transformation from direct to representative forms and examining the shifts in electoral systems. It explores the fundamental principles of democracy, including the rule of the majority, equality, and the rule of law. The essay discusses key historical events, such as the post-Cold War democratization wave and the rise of liberal democratic institutions, while also addressing the challenges faced by democracies, including political polarization, economic fragility, and the resurgence of authoritarianism. It examines the impact of globalization, economic inequality, and the rise of populist movements on democratic structures. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of defending and broadening the scope of democracy, highlighting the need for strong democratic institutions and international cooperation to address the threats posed by authoritarian regimes and anti-liberal trends, while also acknowledging the need for constant vigilance and reform to ensure the continued success of democracy.

Running Head : CHANGE OF DEMOCRACY OVER TIME
Change of Democracy over Time
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Introduction
Democracy refers to that structure of government that involves the equal participation
of all the eligible citizens of that particular nation through the mechanism of casting of votes.
One of the fundamental principles of the democratic form of government is the rule of the
majority because of the majority of the consensus, which is not always set at the achievable
targets. The other basic principles include that of promotion of the principle of equality and
the retention of the sound procedures of the rule of law.
Democracy in its starting worked as the direct form of democracy that eventually
evolved into the representative form of democracy when the system of very direct voting
system became cumbersome. After years of inception of refinement of democracy, the system
of elections became even more interesting as a trait of the representative form of democracy.
By the end of 2019, more people were ready to cast the vote more than ever before.
There were nearly almost 2 billion voters in almost 50 countries around the entire
world were made responsible to lead the polls in order to elect the elected representatives .At
the same time, the data structure highlighted the fact that the citizens have put their trust on
their respective government and identified the fact that the rise of the political polarization
everywhere is increasing the weakness and the loopholes in the existing government
structure.
The global economy and the global development standards at the center of the public
policies for the different levels of equity and growth from Argentina cohosted various events
to analyze and assess the different forms of democratic trends that are present and being
existent in the growing and the developing world to roll out the rising levels of implications
for the growth and the different development strategies that results from the various different
electoral reforms that take place in the different country.

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In the post cold war period, there was a rise of a dramatic wave of democratization
movement that began in the early 1970s.The next significant event related to the
democratization movement was the fall of the Berlin Wall in the year 1989 and the collapse
of the Soviet Union in the year 1991 (Frederickson 2016). These two event were significant
enough for the formation or highlighting the need for the formation of liberal democratic
institutions not only in the Eastern European region but also in the regions of America and
the Sub-Saharan African region. The reversal mechanism is also due to the impact of the
euphoric expansion system that took place in the 1990s and in the early 2000s.
Discussion
As the momentum is worn off, several countries have undergone several struggles to
accommodate the different forms of political wings and the rising level of the controversial
debates that remain aligned to the democratic movement. Rapidly, erected forms of the
democratic institutions have under the control of the sustained attacks in the different nations
that behave in an economically fragile manner and are driven by deep-rooted ethnic or class
conflicts.
In the year 2018, the publication of the Freedom of the World, has recorded the 13th
consecutive year of the decline in the global structure of freedom. This reversal pattern has
spanned in a new variety of the different nations in most of the regions, from a long standing
democratic structure like the political set up of the US, to consolidate the different
authoritarian regimes like that of Russia and China. The overall decline are still compared
with the recent gains of the latter half of the 20th century .The pattern has however shown a
consistent and a very ominous pattern (Waldner and Lust 2018).
The rising patterns show highlight the fact that the democracy was on the path of the
retreat(King and Land 2018).In the states that have already an authoritarian structure, they

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earn the Not Free designation mechanism from the highlights of the Freedom House, the
different governments have shown an increasing pattern that have faded away from the thin
façade of the different democratic forms of practices that have been established in the past
decades, at that time when the situation demanded the different forms of international
incentives and the different pressure structure that have resulted in the various reforms to
make the democratic structure stronger.
The different forms of authoritarian regime have a strategy of imposing a ban on the
different opposition parties in the process of jailing its members, conforming with the time
limits structure, it has shown a tightening pattern the screws on any form of independent
media mode that were present (Kawamura 2018).
The nations that have adopted the democratic form of government after the phase of
the Cold War, have shown a different pattern of regression in the phase of the increasing
form of rampant form of corruption, along with the tendencies of the antiliberal form of the
different populist movements that show a tendency for rejecting the basic principles and
norms along with the system of separation of the power structure and in the process target the
minorities in order to avoid the discriminatory form of treatment. There were however
growing incidences of distinctive democratic movements in nations like Malaysia, Ethiopia,
Armenia and Ecuador.
These countries highlight the fact that the global pattern of democracy has a long-
standing appeal as a tool of controlling the leaders in an accountable manner to create such
conditions for providing a better form of life. In the countries of the North American Region
or the different European countries, where the democratic form of the different institutions
are under a lot of pressure, there were incidences of various dynamic forms of civic
movements and reforms for the delivery of justice and to support for a proper inclusion that
will continue to enhance the building up of various level of achievements received from their

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predecessors , the will in the long run work to expand the global scope of the different
capabilities of the citizens and should be the different expectation of a sound democratic
structure.
The resolution of keeping the democratic structure clear and transparent remains the
strongest point. The great cause of the evolution if the democratic pattern over time depends
not only upon the defending its scope but also broadening its causes over time.
With the post-cold war period, there was a wave of critical transition period that has
highlighted a clear shift in the pattern of its global order that has posed a long-term challenge
on the standing democracies of the world, both from its exterior context and from within.
This has led to a rise in the confidence crisis or lack of it, including many citizens who are
known for expressing their doubts whether the democratic structure will serve their interests
or not.
Of the different nation that show an evolution in the different democratic structures,
some of them were consistently ranked according to their democratic structures from 1985 to
the latter half of 2000s resulting in many nations registering a decline in its net scores in the
past years. The crisis in the functioning of the democratic structure for leading a change in
the balance of power structure at the national as well as the international level.
The share in the international power structure held by the by the democratic as well as
the highly industrialized nations is shifting to an authoritarian power structure. India along
with the other industrialized nations increases with time. The shift in the democratic
structures in the recent times is driven by a force of the recent trends and the rise in the
globalization patterns that have been able to unlock the enormous wealth structure that drives
the entire world. The distribution of the different forms of benefits has been highly
disproportionate over time, however it has resulted in the accruing to the either people on the

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wealthiest level on the global scale or to the workers that work with the industrialized
mindsets.
The different categories of low and the medium scale skilled level of workers in the
long industrialized patterns of democracy that have gained a slightly lower form than the
existing levels of expansion , as either stable or the different well paid job structure that have
mainly shown the different combinations of foreign competitors and the level of the
significant technological changes that lead the evolution in the democratic structure.
These significant developments have recently contributed to the increasing anger and
the levels of anxiety in the different nations at the international level regarding the context of
the different issues of economic inequality and the rise in the loss of the personal strengths of
the individuals. The fulcrum on which the political spectrum rests dominates the growing
political structures in the most established democracies of the world that reflect a high degree
of the various changes that are meant to adequately address the issues of disruption along
with the dislocation that have been caused by them (Hertzke and Peters 2016).
These factors have resulted in the various kinds of political opportunities for the new
competitors who have entered the market structure and the competitors who have been able to
cast the existing group of elites who have worked to benefit from, the decline of the living
standards of the citizens and the factors that fade away from the national traditional norms.
The different punitive approaches to the immigration policies have resulted in the abuse of
the global human rights scenario by the standing democracies of the world.
The populist group of global politicians have appealed for an unique and traditional
form of the national values that are vested in those structures of democracies that threaten the
protection of the individual rights as the most universal form of values which will allow the

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states following an authoritarian democratic structure to justify the more egregious human
right violations norms (Hill et. al 2018).
The unilateral forms of practices that assail the different forms of the international
institutions like the UN or the International Criminal judicial system without highlighting the
other serious form of alternatives that makes the antiliberal governments to weaken the
different capacity building measures of the international power. (Young 2017).
The strength of the different threats posed to the stable structure of the global level of
freedom requires the US to shore up and work on its extension its alliances with the fellow
democracies to work more on its commitment regarding the different values that the parties
share. The could be an united front among the leading the democratic nation’s strategies that
leads to a high defense in the democratic set up that eventually leads to the inheritance of the
Western ideas in the structure that will be rolling back in the world’s current authoritarian
scenario and the different anti liberal trends.
In the contrasting view, there is a withdrawal of US from the engagement in the
global level on behalf of a democratic structure and followed by a shift of the different
mercenary relations along with their allies and with the different rivals who will accelerate
the decline in the different democratic norms structure. There should not be any confusion
regarding the fact that there is a certain level of deterioration of the established forms of
democracy that could result in the expansion of freedom at the global level. Neither America
nor its most vibrant allies have ever been able to project itself as the examples of the perfect
role models (Farina, Newhart and Nam 2017).
But in the post-Soviet era of democratization was able to produce the long lasting
gains and came in small parts mainly because of the support system for encouraging the US
and the other leading nations characterized by the stable forms of the democratic structure.

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Despite the forces of the regression in the newly democratized nations, most of the nations
were highlighted who’s status of global freedom status improved between 1988 and the year
2005 have been able to maintain their new status up to the present age.
The major democracies are now giving efforts to flag off their efforts and for these
reasons they sometimes work in the opposite direction, is the main cause of the real alarm.
The truth that however got revealed that the leading form of democracy always needs a
defending and the different traditional champions of the different actors like the US, to make
it stumble , the core democratic forms meant to enhance and restore the levels of peace , the
prosperity levels and to ensure the freedom level of the people who are facing serious threats
around the world in the recent times (Gustavsen 2016).The election system that are being
hollowed out of the different autocratic measures their outcomes while sustaining the level of
competition in the balloting system The poll system in which the outcome is influenced by
the different factors of fraud, different level of corruption or other forms of manipulation
factors that are present.
The indicator as highlighted by the publication of the Freedom House for contesting
the elections have reduced to a significant extent at twice the rate of the overall score level
that lasts globally in the course of the past few years. In a similar such phenomenon, the main
principle that guides the different form of time limits for the different executives present in
the system (Esping-Andersen 2017). The executives present in the system that show an
incidence of long prevalence in the democratic but the spread of these democratic nations that
have shown a massive spread around the entire globe after the Cold War ended or when the
effects of the war was weakening in its structure.
The Freedom of Expression publication has been the subject of rampant controversies,
through the various forms of assaults on both the press and the different form of
encroachments on the right to speak and express the ideas of the general citizens. The reports

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released by the Freedom of the World data highlights the various evidences which show that
there is a decline in the expression rights that was showing a declining trend over the last 13
years with sharp declining trends since the year 2012. In the recent times, the press freedom
has scored at a much lower rate in the various regions of the world.
The different form of violations have become flagrant in nature, which resembles the
imprisonment of the different journalists. The trends have also shown a decline in the
personal expression mechanism, resulting in the cracking down of the governments,
especially that takes place online. The expression of the various criminal based cases are
some of the most shocking examples of the change in structures in the scenario of the global
trend (Egilmez 2018).The offensive measure against the freedom of expression of the general
citizens is being supercharged by a more evolved and an effective form of the digital form of
the authoritarian structure. In the recent phase, the various countries are exporting it
comprehensive form of the different internet censorship techniques and the surveillance
models around the world (Jha 2017).
It offers various forms of trainings , the different forms of seminars and the study
trips that are conducted as well as the advanced equipment that will prove to be advantageous
of the artificial intelligence norms and the various technologies and the strategies that are
formulated related to the facial recognition strategies (Stockemer and Kchouk 2017).
In the recent years, however the internet has taken up a vibrant role in the sphere of
the virtual public space at the cost of the different sophisticated form of the surveillance
measures. The nations’ capacity to enhance the totalitarian ideologies running through the
models of the totalitarian strategies to work on the models of the digitally enhanced the social
control measures that are worked upon to eventually pose a major risk to a democracy at the
global level.

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There are the presence of other several norms that siege the protection rights of the
different forms of the migrants and the refugees who reside. All the countries have the most
legitimate form of authoritative power to regulate the different measures of migration
framework, but the measures must be aligned with the different standards of the human rights
phases and should work in a smooth manner without violating the justice framework and it
associated fundamental principles that provide the backbone of the existing framework of the
laws as enshrined in our constitution ( Economou,Kyriazis and Metaxas 2017).Despite the
pattern of the grim level of the global environmental scenario, there have been common
examples of a positive breakthrough in the various countries that are scattered all over the
globe during the year 2018 that showed a universal resolution pattern of the structure of
democracy that still holds the power in the contemporary scenario.
In all the above cases, there have been a rising trend among the politicians who were ready to
respond or were to the different forms of the public demands domain to bring about a
significant manner of the democratic changes; unexpectedly that disrupts the rising scenarios
of the global levels of repression (Boix 2019).The various forms of openings have always
served as a tool for reminding the people to continue to strive for initiating the freedom
strategies, their accountable strategies to restore the values of dignity including the different
nations where the odds were assumed as the insurmountable elements (Sack 2017).
Conclusion
During the 20th century, there were many countries that possessed the fundamental
forms of the core political institutions of the representative form of government that has
increased significantly over the latest context. At the beginning of the 21sy century , there
were many independent form of observers who have agreed on the fact that most of the
regions of the world and mainly the independent countries elected nominally possessed the

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structure of the democratic institutions structure that becomes comparable to most of the
English speaking countries and the different forms of older democratic structure of the
continental European region .
In the additional context, the different form of institutions , though to some extent gets
defective to some extent , nevertheless was instrumental to provide the historically high
levels of the democratic form of government. Although, the different democratic institutions
and the nearly democratic nations mainly consist of the world’s population structure. There
are various factors that are responsible for the rapid expansion of the different forms of the
democratic institutions.

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