University Biology Essay: Evolution, Sexual Conflict, and Society

This essay delves into the concept of sexual conflict from an evolutionary perspective, examining its origins in reproductive strategies and genetic variation. It explores how differences in male and female investment in reproduction, mate selection preferences, and behaviors contribute to conflicts. The essay further analyzes the manifestation of sexual conflict in modern society, particularly in the context of gender inequality, addressing income disparities, educational gaps, and societal biases. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these evolutionary dynamics to promote equality and manage conflict effectively, advocating for equal opportunities and the empowerment of all genders to foster societal growth and improve the quality of life. The essay highlights the role of education and understanding in addressing inequality and fostering a more equitable society.

Running Head: BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
Biology Evolution: Sexual Conflict
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
Introduction
According to Grigg (2015), the process that involves in the change of the characteristic of
the organisms change over a successive generation said to be the biological evolution. This is
mainly happen in terms of genetic variation as well as the natural selection. The change, which
takes place in the living organisms and can be noticeable are term as the microevolution. People
often get confused with the evolution along with the biological evolution. The biological evolution
are further divided into two categories namely, microevolution and macroevolution (Honing, ten
Cate, Peretz & Trehub, 2015). The two different concept is being preach in both the type of
evolution. Microevolution deals with the quantum of evolution, which mainly deals with the
observations of living being. On the contrary, macroevolution is any biological change that take
place within the organisms.
Sexual conflict occurs when both the sexes conflict among themselves for the optimal
fitness strategy between the male and female. The differences between the male and the female is
the main reason behind the sexual conflict that arises between both the genders (Cooper, 2016).
The conflict arise in the following differences, which can seen in the society. The topic of conflict
are namely, degree of female fidelity, mating rate, maternal investment as well as female
stimulation threshold along with the toxicity of seminal fluid. This are the few topic of conflict,
which can see in both the genders even today in the society (Burke & Bonduriansky, 2017).
Science behind Sexual Conflict
Scientifically it is been proven that the sexual conflict arises from the initial stage of the
reproduction as there is an energetic costs to reproduce. The female are the ones who provide
greater amount of energy during the reproduction process. This is consider one of the reason for the
conflict that arise between the male as well as in female (Cooper, 2016).

2BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
The conflict also arises with the help of the differences that can view in the investment in
reproduction process. The female after becoming pregnant invest a huge amount of energy in the
process. The invest can be look in different aspects namely, producing eggs, parental care as well
as producing sperms along with that supporting in the growth process of the eggs or young (Burke
& Bonduriansky, 2017). This create a difference between the male and the female as the female
invest much more than that of the male in the process which can also give rise to the conflict
between the two.
According to Ingleby, Flis and Morrow (2015), the male are the ones who provide greater
output in the reproduction process which create a chance for the conflict between the two genders.
This is the reason why male dominate and there is a conflict, which arises in the process. This give
rise to the conflict that arises between the two. It has been view scientifically that male dominate
the females as they provide greater output reproductively. This can see in the animals, they also
conflict sexually.
Sexual conflict often leads to the differences in selecting the mate this is because the female
prefer high quality males at the time of mating. The conflict can even lead to the resource trading
for sex. There is differences in preferences for mate variety, which led by the conflict between the
two. The male are the ones who prefer variety. It can be observe that in human male prefer to watch
new pornographic material and get arousal by the new material rather than the previously watch
material. The preferences changes with the circumstances and with new mate (Cummings, 2018).
The female can change the time of ovulation, which create differences between the male, as
well as female. The conflict can arises at this level as well as the female are gift with this type of
ability to control their ovulation. The behaviour of the female also changes when they are more
fertile in nature. This is type of conflict usually arises between the male and the female (Wright et
al., 2017).

3BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
This are the few conflict, which arises in the initial stage between the male and the female,
and this type of conflict remain unnoticed. The scientist have proven that this type of conflicts are
the ones that arises first between the genders and this cannot be solve as this conflict is there in
every mammals or more precisely between the living organisms. These type of conflicts cannot be
solve, as this are the base level conflict (Palombit, 2015). The sexual conflict, which can be resolve,
is the right of equality or sexual preferences, but this type of conflict will always prevail between
the male and the female. Therefore, it is advisable to cut down the extra conflict as the genders
usually conflict without even knowing that the conflict is there between them.
Gender Inequality in Society
According to Amis et al. (2018), in the modern society, there is a huge chance of gender
inequality, which prevails in the society. The people in the society discriminate male from the
female. The opportunities and chances are also provide to the preferred gender in recent times than
the deserving candidates. This create an equality between both the genders, which give rise to the
conflict, which arises in the modern society. This need to be stop to restore the peace between the
genders and equal chances should be provide to the all candidates irrespective of genders. This will
automatically create a sense of equality between the two, which will help the society to broaden
their thought process and way of thinking regarding a particular gender. Therefore, it is essential in
the recent society to provide equal chances to all the genders.
The inequality with regard to the gender arises from the differences in biology as well as
cultural norms along with the psychology. The inequality in genders is experience in every culture
in the modern society. This inequality can arise with respect to the interests, family, career,
education, political connection, life expectancy as well as personality. This is unethical to do such a
discrimination between the genders, as both the genders deserves equal attention in the society
(Carbone, 2017).

4BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
There are certain parameters about which this discrimination is been made between both the
genders and they are as follows:
Firstly, income disparities between the genders as there are industries, which do such
discrimination between the genders. The wages as well as salaries differs, this create a huge
conflict between the two genders. The salary or wages are not provide according to the
qualification of the candidates (Kabeer, 2015). This is unethical in nature as this sort of
discrimination create a difference between the two and give birth to the conflict between the two.
Secondly, the professional as well as education gap have been narrow down but this gap is
still there in different parts of the world. This sort of difference create a conflict between the
genders and differences is been notice between them (Penner, 2015).
Thirdly, the gender discrimination or inequality can also be notice in the medical field as
well as the women are paid less than that of the male doctors. This inequality create a sense of
conflict between the two and give rise to the domination in the process (Amadiume, 2015). This is
unethical and not justified in nature.
Finally, customer preferences are also dependent on the gender as well as race or creed of
the people who are selling some sort of product to them. People prefer white girl than a black men.
This discrimination should be remove, as people should be judge according to the skills and
knowledge of them as well as how they are able to sale the product in the market (Reay, 2018).
This are the few discrimination, which prevails, in the modern society even today. This act
of inequality should be remove from the society to make it a better place to live. As every person
should be judge according to the knowledge and skill the person possess and not according to the
gender (Alfrey & Twine, 2017). This discrimination create a conflict between the male and the
female and should be remove immediately.

5BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
Managing and Understanding
According to Wang and Degol (2017), the knowledge of equal rights between the genders
help the society to broaden their thinking and equal opportunity is provide to the male as well as
female. This issue should be address properly by the society as both the male and the female are
important to the society. The understanding of equality right help to create a sense of equality
between the two and opportunities are provide to each one of them. Therefore, it is important for
the society to understand that chances should be provide to the deserving candidates only and not to
the preferred gender. This will help the society to grow and equality will be maintain between the
genders.
Previously, women are not provide exposure with respect to the education, job and many
other things but in recent time, the society is changing as they are thinking differently and
providing equal opportunity to the females as well (Williams, 2018). Many people think that by
ending the discrimination with the female their human right will be restore in the society. Every
person whether male or female both should be provide with equal opportunity to build a career as
this comes under the human right act and as per the law the opportunity should be given equally.
In many countries, there are still some level of discrimination, which is still there. This
discrimination should be remove immediately by the government. This discrimination create
differences between the male as well as female. This need to be understand so that the society
become a better place to live without any discrimination. In recent times, the society understood the
effects of discrimination and so equal opportunities are provide in the society (Crane, Matten,
Glozer & Spence, 2019).
In recent time, education is provide to the female, which help them to build a career and live
accordingly. The rural women should be provide with the education, as this will mark the
development of the society as they lack in education (McDowell, 2018). This will enhance the
livelihood of the rural people and help the society to grow in the process. These things should be

6BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
highlight in the society so that the society can know about the discrimination and help others to
grow in the process. The understanding of the problem is require as this help the society to grow
and broaden their mind set.
Therefore, it is important that the inequality issues are address properly by the society,
which will improve the quality of life in the society and help the society to establish a sense of
equality between the male and the female (Stewart, 2016). This will also create equality
opportunity for both the genders and help them to fulfil their dreams and build their career
accordingly. Without empowering the women, the society will not be able to grow and their
mentality will not be broaden. Hence, it is important for the society to empower the women in the
society, which will automatically encourage them to build their career and become motivated in the
process, which will automatically benefit the society (Osanloo & Grant, 2016). The standard of
living will be improve by empowering the women in the process along with that encourage them to
become successful in life. This will ultimately help the society to become a better place to live.
Solution to Sexual Conflict
According to Gerber and Kokko (2016), the conflict should be solve as soon as possible this
will help the society to grow and standard of living will be enhance by it. The gender
discrimination should be eliminate from the society, which will automatically encourage the male,
as well as female to display their skills and knowledge in the society especially in the workplace.
The conflict will also be reduce if discrimination is reduce from the society and equal opportunity
is provide to both of them. In recent society, women are much more efficient and hardworking than
the male, which will help the organization who hire them as well as the earning level of the society,
will increase.
The women should be provide with the proper education. Education will help them to build
their career and grow as a person. It will also help them to become successful in life and their
standard of living will be enhance in the process. This will also eliminate the discrimination

7BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
between the two and help them to build their career (Houge & Lohne, 2017). As education is
necessary for both the female and the male so equal chances should be, provide to both of them.
The differences in the income of the male and female should be eliminated and equal salary
or wages should be provide to both of them as this will motivate them to work hard and help them
to aim for a brighter future. The salary or wages should be provide according to the qualification as
well as skills along with the knowledge, as this will be unbiased for both the genders. This problem
still prevails in the society. Therefore, it is important for all the human being to eliminate this sort
of discrimination which is their in the society. The women should be encourage more to work, as
they should be provide with the equal opportunity like male (Duxbury, Rostant & Chapman, 2017).
This problem have been narrow down to some extent but not completely remove from the society
as there are people who still thinks that women cannot work in the workplace as efficiently as male
do.
In the sales field, women are provide with chances more than the males as they can attract
more number of customers than male do. The society mentality need to be change in this matter as
the male can be more efficient than the female. Equal chances should be provide to each of them
but still the thinking of the society is stagnant in this matter, so it need to be change so that even
male can form a career in the same field. This will automatically display the equality in the society
(Palombit, 2015).
Hence, it is important for the society to broaden their mind-set and give equal opportunity to
both the male as well as the females. The opportunity should be provide according to the ability,
capability as well as education and skill of the male along with the female and not according to the
gender. This will create a difference between the genders so this need to be remove from the
society as early as possible (Dougherty et al., 2017). This will ultimately improve the standard of
living of the society and make it a better place to live in.

8BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
Conclusion
In the end it can be conclude, that the sexual conflict should be eliminate from the society
which will automatically help the society to become a better place to live in. There is a constant
conflict, which prevails in the society between the genders, which need to be stop as soon as
possible. Equal chances should be provide to every person irrespective of gender, caste, creed and
race. This will encourage the male as well as the female to chase their dream, which will
automatically help them to grow in their career and achieve what they have target to achieve in the
future. Therefore, it is important for the society to eliminate the gender inequality, which will
encourage them to work hard in their career. This is how the discrimination should be eliminate
from the society so that it become a better place to live and help them to become successful in
future.

9BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
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10BIOLOGY EVOLUTION: SEXUAL CONFLICT
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