Exegesis of Matthew: Comparing Matthew 10:1-16 with Mark and Luke

This essay presents an exegesis of Matthew 10:1-16, delving into the textual analysis of this portion of the New Testament. It examines the calling of the twelve disciples and their mission, highlighting the power and authority given to them by Jesus. The essay explores the connections between Matthew's Gospel and Judaism, comparing it with the Gospels of Mark and Luke. It discusses the significance of the Matthean community and the Christological perspectives within Matthew's writings, including the portrayal of Jesus as the interpreter of Torah. The essay also touches upon the structure of Matthew's Gospel, the importance of reinterpretation, and the impact of Judaism on early Christianity, concluding with the transformative influence of Matthew's Gospel on the understanding of the Bible. The essay references various scholarly sources to support its arguments.

Running head: EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
Exegesis of Matthew
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
Introduction to Matthew 10:1-16
The exegesis is one of the most critical aspects of the Biblical explanation of the various
texts. The authors of the Matthew’s teachings and Pauline scholars have discussed on various
issues that the research studies on Exegesis of Matthew have revealed. Sometimes this
proposition has faced several problems from the Jewish sources and it has showed the need of
the trust and faith on the Jesus Christ.1 The Exegesis of Matthew will be discussed to highlight
the various developments that took place during this era. The textual analysis of the Exegesis of
Matthew will be done along with the importance of the twelve disciples who were sent by the
God. The Biblical assertions will be very essential in this context since it has many similarities
and differences with that of Mark and Luke’s Gospel. The connections with the Matthean
community will be drawn up in this paper in the coming sections.
Textual analysis of Matthew
Matthew 10:1-16 is a part of the New Testament where the source of the Christianity and
its connections with Judaism has been discussed. The calling upon of the twelve disciples has
been discussed in this part of the New Testament. Inthis part, it has been mentioned that Jesus
gave them power. The meaning of the word power signifies the power, authority and the right to
do anything also. However, Jesus meant them to address all others so they can spread the
message of Christianity all over the world. Instead of doing that, they only betrayed Jesus during
the course of the actions. Jesus also gave them the important directions for the present mission
1 Boring, M. Eugene. "Matthew's Narrative Christology: Three Stories." Interpretation 64.4 (2010): 356-367.

2EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
but ultimately they had deviated from it. God said that the Kingdom of Heaven is at Israel but
they disobeyed the message and did the act that was not at all expected.
“Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils”
Various types of new essence have been discovered in the descriptions of the New
Testament through the Gospel of Matthew. The various components of the exegesis of Matthew
are related to the Jewish descriptions of the God and its beliefs. The traces of the narratives used
by both Luke and Matthew could be found from the stories of King David and Joseph and other
stories. The ancestry of Jesus Christ had been taken back to the times of Abraham by Matthew in
his descriptions. Thus the structures of theological definitions could be completely opposed to
that of Christianity. The Exegesis of Matthew is one of those most important sections through
which the concept of early Christianity and its connections with Judaism have been established.
The narratives of Matthew have focused on the various stories that are also relevant in the New
Testament also. The stories of the Gospel are very entertaining and the Christian faith has been
reflected throughout the Bible. The thoughts and reckonings of Matthew can be named as
‘Matthean Christology’.
The Biblical assertion of the twelve apostles to be sent to the earth is one of the major
facts that had emerged during the time. This has been found in the Gospel of Matthew and this is
definitely one of the most interesting facts in the Bible and it has appeared in the sunmoptic
gospel like the Matthew and its verses. The names like Judas Iscariot and Simon the Zealot are
very important figures in this segment.2 These two figures are really very crucial in this section
2 Boring, M. Eugene. "Matthew's Narrative Christology: Three Stories." Interpretation 64.4 (2010): 356-367.

3EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
because both of them had betrayed Jesus Christ. This is the time when they had to support the
Jesus Christ in His mission but they had actually betrayed from behind. When these twelve
disciples had been sent to the earth they were instructed ““Do not go among the Gentiles or enter
any town of the Samaritans, Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel”. This asserts the fact that all of
these twelve apostles had been sent to the earth so they could protect the Jesus Christ in his bad
times. This event was indeed very shameful for the humanity that would follow Jesus and the
evil within the characters of all human beings was revealed through this. The goodness of Jesus
Christ had been misinterpreted and they broke the faith that humanity is still facing through their
evil intentions.
Compare with Mark and Luke
Some critics have also discussed about the fact that there have been some problems
regarding the titular approach of the Gospel of Matthew. The identity of Jesus Christ has also
been discussed in the New Testament and the Gospel of Matthew also. The Matthew community
is one of those basic things that must not be forgotten while discussing about this scenario. The
Jesus Christ has been named as the second version of Moses many times and thereafter He has
also been recognized the Son of the Lord. Amidst these situations, it must be underlined that the
There are several titles that have been given to the exegesis of Matthew but none of them have
suited properly. In the overall exegesis of Jesus, many roles have been presented to the Jesus
Christ. This is the reason this part of the Christian theology is seen in different ways and this
exegesis of Matthew has occupied an immense place in the theological perspectives. Sometimes
He is projected as Christ only. Sometimes he is known to the world as the King of Son of David.

4EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
Thus, Matthew has been able to portray different types of characters for Jesus. Different
functions and paradigms have been attributed to the Jesus Christ in this manner.3
The Christological transformation of the Gospel of Matthew is definitely one of the most
critical parts in this scenario. Many people have discussed over this issue and it has been the
question of majority of people so they can gain the best information on the Christian theological
transformations.4 He himself became a Christian from Judaism and it was one of his first beliefs
about the Christological transformation that occurred during that time. In this context, the social
structure of Europe and other countries had completely changed. In the writings of Matthew, it
has been asserted that Jesus Christ was the interpreter of Torah and He did it quite authoritatively
as well. The obeying of the rules of the Bible has been discussed as the most integral concepts
for the overall understanding. It is quite clear from his perspective that Jesus is definitely the one
who has the ultimate authority at his disposal. It has been seen in the Biblical stories that Jesus
Christ went up to the mountains and sat there as a teacher with full authority.5 In the sermons,
some of the messages of Jesus have been found. It says:
“Do not think I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but
to fulfill” (5:17).
3 B.B. Thurston, “The Freedom of Obedience,” Center for Christian Ethics, Baylor University, (2008), 11-18.
4 Wilson, Walter T. Healing in the Gospel of Matthew: Reflections on method and ministry. Augsburg Fortress
Publishers, 2014.
5 Powell, Mark Allan, ed. Methods for Matthew. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

5EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
Structure of Matthew
The context of reinterpretation is also very crucial in this scenario. It is because the fact
that community of Matthew got all their teachings through the through the Christian faith. The
Gospel of Mark and Q had been kept as the catechesis in the Gospel of Matthew for a long time.
The critics have opined on this matter that Matthew could have opted to choose the commentary
mode so he could get the update on Q and Mark regarding his church.6 It had also been said that
the Son of God could be found in the false ascriptions of the Devil. The portrayal of the Mark
and Q has been done in the Christology. Matthew community has described the issue that titular
Christology will not play a huge role apart from that of the Son of Man. The mediator of the
revelation describes the fact that Jesus Christ will not be found in the Q.7
Meaning of Matthew for Matthean’s community
The use of Mark and Q could really be used as the mode of worshipping and preaching
altogether. It has been an overwhelming fact neither Matthew nor any other Christian teachers
had made interpretations on the commentaries over the various authoritative texts. This could
have seriously made many differences in the overall understanding of the Biblical theology and
the Gospel of Matthew.8 In this scenario, it must be acknowledged that Matthew had used the
6 Evans, Craig A. "Matthew. New Cambridge Bible Commentary." (2012): 487-499.
7 Card, Michael. Matthew: The Gospel of Identity. InterVarsity Press, 2013.
8 Jeon, Paul. "The Gospel of Matthew: Worship in the Kingdom of Heaven by John Paul Heil." The Catholic
Biblical Quarterly 79.4 (2017): 710-712.

6EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
Biblical mode of retelling. Thus the Gospel of Matthew and its different interpretations have
been shaped. The Biblical interpretation of Matthew has been very important for the
understanding of the impact of Judaism on early Christianity and how it has come to the current
scenario based on the various types of interpretation at different theologians.9
In the concluding section of the essay, it can be said that the Gospel of Matthew and his
community has transformed the Bible completely and it is due to the fact that the people of
earlier times did not properly understand the meaning of the Bible. The Christian theological
institutions went on to think about this matter and they had developed its connections with the
Mark and Q. Still, it says that the interpretations are very crucial by all the circumstances. It must
be maintained that the Exegesis of Matthew has helped the theologians in a number of ways.
Jesus Christ has been established authority over the Christianity and His authority is definitely
the superior most for the Christian faith in different countries.
9 Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its readers: a historical introduction to the First Gospel. Indiana
University Press, 2003.

7EXEGESIS OF MATTHEW
References
B.B. Thurston, “The Freedom of Obedience,” Center for Christian Ethics, Baylor University,
(2008), 11-18.
Boring, M. Eugene. "Matthew's Narrative Christology: Three Stories." Interpretation 64.4
(2010): 356-367.
Card, Michael. Matthew: The Gospel of Identity. InterVarsity Press, 2013.
Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its readers: a historical introduction to the First
Gospel. Indiana University Press, 2003.
Evans, Craig A. "Matthew. New Cambridge Bible Commentary." (2012): 487-499.
Horsley, Richard A. "Early Christian movements: Jesus movements and the renewal of
Israel." HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 62.4 (2006): 1201-1225.
Jeon, Paul. "The Gospel of Matthew: Worship in the Kingdom of Heaven by John Paul
Heil." The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 79.4 (2017): 710-712.
Powell, Mark Allan, ed. Methods for Matthew. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Powell, Mark Allan. God with us: a pastoral theology of Matthew's gospel. Fortress Press, 1995.
Powery, Emerson B. Immersion Bible Studies: Mark. Abingdon Press, 2011.
Wilson, Walter T. Healing in the Gospel of Matthew: Reflections on method and ministry.
Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2014.