This literature review examines the barriers to export performance faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Nigerian agro-industry, focusing on internationalization. It explores various theories of internationalization relevant to SMEs, including the benefits and motivations for international expansion, such as increased market share and profitability. The review provides background on the Nigerian agro-industry and identifies specific barriers to internationalization and export performance, including financial constraints, lack of knowledge, and infrastructural challenges. The role of the government and other institutions in supporting SME internationalization is analyzed. The review concludes with a discussion of a conceptual framework, emphasizing organizational readiness as a key factor for overcoming these barriers and succeeding in international markets. The review highlights the importance of export for the growth of the Nigerian economy and potential for agricultural exports.
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