This report investigates the factors affecting effective pain management for individuals with dementia in an acute hospital setting. The introduction highlights the prevalence of pain in elderly adults with dementia, the challenges in pain recognition and management due to cognitive impairment, and the impact of inadequate healthcare professional skills and organizational support. The paper aims to identify methods of pain recognition, assessment, and management, and develop decision support interventions for nurses. The background section provides statistics on dementia prevalence and its impact on individuals, families, and healthcare costs, emphasizing the need for improved dementia care training for healthcare staff. The report discusses the challenges nurses face in recognizing, assessing, and managing pain in dementia patients, due to communication difficulties, misinterpretation of pain indicators, and the need for more training in this area. A systematic literature search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with the search terms including pain recognition, pain assessment, pain management, people with dementia, and hospital acute setting. The research articles selected for analysis cover the period between 2010 and September 2017. The report will then explore the methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusions to provide recommendations for improving pain management practices. The challenges faced by nursing staff in recognizing, assessing and managing the pain experiences of dementia patients are also discussed.