Factors Influencing Hijab Wearing in Canada: A Qualitative Study

This report examines the factors influencing hijab-wearing among Muslim female students in Canadian universities. The study, based on interviews with five students and a literature review, investigates how religious, cultural, and personal factors affect their decisions. The research explores the students' perceptions of the hijab, their experiences with discrimination, and their views on balancing their religious identity with their lives in Canada. It also considers the perspectives of teachers and peers. The report highlights the complexities surrounding hijab, addressing stereotypes and challenges faced by Muslim women. The study found that the factors influencing the decision to wear the hijab are varied and include personal beliefs, cultural background, and the desire to maintain a religious identity. The research also addresses the historical context and the impact of global events on the perception of Muslim women and the hijab.

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Factors that influence girls to wear Hijab in Canada
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Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Research Question
“What are the factors affected the Hijab and wearing inside the university to Muslim female
students? How do they see the veil?
Abstract
The Hijab is a famous term; understood in the world reflecting the cultural, traditional, and
religious practices of the Muslim Women. Veiling for female is important in Muslim and it is
an identification symbol, which represents Muslim female different from others in the
society. Although many religious, socio-cultural, political and many other aspects affect
Hijab Wearing, this reflects a discrimination and sometimes people understand this as over
representation of female in the Islam (Bigger 2016). Many research have been done by
scholars to identify the Hijab as being protection or point of discrimination in the society,
because views of the girls or female is important to research because this provide effective
understanding about the concept. A quantitative study including the interviews of Muslim
female students from Canadian understates and a literature review of articles that discuss
many changes in the context is used in this article. There are many facts related to Muslims
Girls and their Hijab those are far from the discussion and affect the Hijab wearing decision
very deeply (Wagner, et al. 2012).

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Objective
The objective of this study is to find the factors that influence girls to wear hijab in
Canada and how these factors develop challenges to girl wearing Hijab to meet the religious
guidelines. There are many stories are prevailing at global level representing the political
opposing by the government or society that represent wearing hijab is not acceptable due to
many reasons. There are many reason given by the people who oppose the wearing Hijab,
some of them are tm manage the equality in the dressing and some are to protect society from
unsocial elements (Khosrojerdi 2015). Hence, the topic selected for this study has very
important value and is a point of discussion from many decades. Hence, this study focuses to
identify and represent Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada. The important
feature of this Anthropology Ethnographic Report is to find the factors opposing the
stereotypes about the Muslim as global level.
Key words
Hijab, restriction or ban over hijab, factors influencing Hijab, history of ban, Muslim Female
Students

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Introduction
Over and done with directing qualitative case studies on Muslim female undergraduates in
Canadian universities this research discovers Canadian Muslim female university students
and their experience of wearing Hijab (Bhowon and Bundhoo 2016). This research discovers
how race, ethnicity, gender, and religion, and their connexion, influence Muslim female
students’ individuality edifice and other factors they deal while taking decision to save their
cultural rights with description of their experience in the college and life out of the university.
Investigation of Muslim female students’ observations and responses headed for, the
dominant stereotypes about Muslim women in Canadian universities is the focused point of
this research. In addition, it explores how Muslim female university students observe factors
affecting their decision to wear the hijab and practising it in Canadian universities (Alibeli
and Yaghi 2012).

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Context
Description of field
The main objective of this research and study is to identify the reason prevailing behind the
over-representation of the Muslim female students wearing Hijab in Canadian universities.
This study includes a cross sectional study conducting an interview of 5 girls who use to wear
Hijab. Aim of this interview was to reflect their perceptions and outlook that represent the
Hijab as part of their own choice and to represent this as not restricting the Muslim girl’s
freedom (Green 2017).
A stereotype is prevailing in the world that Hijab is a restriction for the Muslim girls that tie
them in the limits and does not allow them to educate and be employed. This perception is
becoming string everyday as presently in many countries there is a ban on covering the head,
or wearing a Hijab. A recent example is China that took many decisions to ban Hijab in the
country (Alizai 2017).
This research article focuses that if one part is being discussed continuously than there is
other side that is related to the girls who oppose the ban. Here the question arise are
 Do the Muslim Girls didn’t like freedom?
 Do they understand any other concept that is unfamiliar to others?
 What factors is liable making them to oppose the ban?
Research participants
Research endeavoured to focus the complications allied with the dominant inclination in
western civilisations to wipe away the social, administrative, and ancient specificity of
Muslim women’s lives in the Third World. This research inspected Muslim female students’

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
observations of the dominant typecasts about them in Canadian universities, as well as their
responses headed for those labels. This is a very interesting topic inquiring to find out
whether or not Muslim female students receive or fight the regularized taken-for-granted
accounts of their lives and individualities, which represent a standardized image of them as
overloaded by Islamic patriarchy (Hozein 2015).
This research conducted over the Muslim female students’ perceptions about the veil and
wearing the hijab in Canadian universities. This research also endeavoured to high spot the
requirement for analysing the practice of covering in light of the background specific factors
such as those related to the ethnic and radical contexts related with the contributors’ countries
of birth. In addition Muslim women’s feelings about is important to identify in the study as
the Hijab is a representative of Muslim women’s oppression in Canadian higher educational
system (Shammas 2015).
This article use care and deep analysis of the interview and the literature reviews available for
the observation of the factors affecting the decision of wearing veil in the Muslim female.
This research also focuses the perception of Non-Muslim students towards wearing the veil
of a Muslim girl and over views of the teachers towards these stereotypes and their own
perceptions (Kanwal 2015).
Population
The population discussed in this context and research is the entire Muslim community female
but this study is based on a research conducted in a Canadian university on 5 Muslim girls
and over a literature review.
Historical context

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
In the outcome of a disaster of September 11, 2001, a terrorist attack over changed the entre
representation Muslim and this is still in practice of demonization of Islam, in overall, and the
determined imposing and Orientalist outsets of Muslim women, in precise, have located
Muslim women in the displacement in a very problematic place. The foreign and orientalist
commencements of Muslim women splatter a slanted appearance of their living and
characteristics (Veil, Dillingham and Sloan 2016).
Muslim women, particularly those simply recognized by their look, that is, ‘observable hijab-
wearing female’, were noticeable an on the mark of discrimination amongst the most
susceptible targets of undifferentiating mental and physical stabbings’
This challenging situation made entire world to think upon the identity of a Muslim girl
wearing Hijab as point of concern because she was represented as helpless and tied in the
hooks of religious concept. Surprisingly much female take active part in campaign to
demonstrate that they can deal with the adverse penalties of growing anti-Muslim opinions
and Islam phobia (Riley 2011). Muslim women, ‘the main mark of discrimination,’ have been
at the vanguard in the entire war of fighting against the false representation of Muslims at
global level.
Methods
The method of analysis this research study used was an interview, this interview was planned
for the 15 girls but due to present global emergency in the entire world that is COVID 19
impact of Corona virus this study was done over only 5 girls. Because this was a five-day
study but due to lockdown orders in the entire country this research was done only for three
days.
This research was done as;

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
1st day- Meeting with teachers to communicate about the study and their perceptions
2nd day- Meeting with the 3 Muslim girls and their interviews
3rd day Meeting with 2 Muslim girls and some of their friends
Survey
Girl 1 India 5 years in Canada Wear Hijab
Girl 2 Iraq 15 years in Canada NO
Girl 3 Sudan 1 year in Canada Wear Hijab
Girl 4 Canada Born in Canada 20
years
Wear Hijab
Girl 5 Pakistan 3 years Wear Hijab
Girl 1
The girl was Indian and demonstrate effective involvement in the interview. She represents
the personal experience of bullying and the way she fought to get the equal right. She wants
to live without discrimination on the base of wearing the Hijab. She was doing graduation;
attires the hijab and communicates in English with Canadian accent. She accepts the
development and education as compulsory for the Muslim girls but she supports that she
don’t believe in hiding the identity of being Muslim. She revealed that wearing the veil is her
own decision and inspired with the spiritual beliefs. She told that she has no bound but the
veil is very important for her to manage the dignity of her religion.
Girl 2

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Other girl does not wear the hijab and as she positions, she is far from those who do prayers
five times a day but she has high faith in her religion and tries to protect her religious identity
and tries to be kind Muslim. According to her belief Islam is not limited to wear Hijab but it
is the kindest and most peaceful religion in the world that allows serving the humanity as the
biggest charity and religious outlook. She accepts to be friend of all religion and respect the
girls wearing the Hijab as well.
Girl 3
Belonging from Sudan, this girl used to make efforts to deliver the reality of the religion of
the Islam to her community and belongings. She represented that after watching many kind of
discriminations and situation about the female discrimination especially focused to Hijab
wearing girls she took it as personal responsibility. She supports the development and
education because education is the only means to communicate the change.
Girl 4
The girl was born in Canada hence she has modern thinking of getting the freedom for the
girls but not wearing Hijab is not freedom according to her. She has modern family that focus
to manage the effective and high profile lifestyle and dressing but are related to the roots of
Islam hence she had concept that she of very devotee to her religion and understand the veil
as important factor.
Girl 5
The girl from Pakistan has moderate thinking style, she accept that their religious identity is
on the target of thee western civilisation and due to many country issue she felt worried to be
face any kind of discrimination. Although she has effective communication, skills that help
her to represent her identity more than just veil.

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Teacher’s views
Teachers reflected that their filed is the development and fight against the discrimination
hence they welcome every religion and don’t put any restriction to wear the Hijab.
Companion’s Views
There were limited companions and their views were mixed as some of them present this as
their right and some of them relate it to their stereotype prevailing.
Literature review
According to Ruby, Muslims in Canada face difficulties in managing their identity with Hijab
after many cases of discrimination; and reveals a gap between leading understandings of the
hijab as a symbol of Muslim women's oppression. This article support the voices raised to
solve the issues making the challenges for the voices and demonstrate the effective
involvement of female in this. According to Bigger, education is changing the views of
Muslims about compulsion of the Hijab. With the development of time many educational
system and institutions has welcomed to wear Hijab because they understand that restriction
over Hijab is discrimination. Ban on the veil is seen as the discrimination, many Canadian
Muslim were regular to face violence at workplace that demonstrates their unaccepted
personality after 9/11 (Rahmath, Chambers and Wakewich 2016). Situation become worse to
them, media, and theatres represented the veil as restirciton over Muslims, as like an Indian
movie “Lipstick under my Burkha” and “Secret superstar” represents the narrow concept
prevailing in the society (Mane 2018).
Data analysis

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Data collected in this research was qualitative and was analysed on the theoretical basis of
factors associated with the social and racial as well as religious factor of Muslim’s Hijab.
This research find that present concept of the veil is developed and it has reached to level of
personal identity and self-assessment that reflect that Muslim girls understated the values if
their religion and they find themselves capable to deliver the real idea behind their Hijab.
Usefulness of collected data
The data was very limited but useful, as tit helped me to make effective demonstration of the
real concept that make the girls in the university ton take decisions to wear or not to wear
Hijab. These young girls affected my perception that I had in my mind about coward image
of Muslim girls due to their over representation in the society and at the global level.
Limitation
The findings and data researches for this study is limited and we had only 3 days to meet the
girls and collect data due to many college restrictions. Girls were having regular classes
hence they were not able to give enough time to us, and most importantly there was a
lockdown that affected out limitation very seriously.
Findings and Conclusion
Based on the theoretical analysis of the interview data and reviews of literature and their deep
analysis this report concludes that after the attack od 9/11 in America there were many
changes that negatively affected the life of Muslims at global level. Especially females were
over represented by the social elements, many countries took steps against wearing the Hijab
in the class, society and social gathering. These all made the Muslim girls a point of
discussion that how they accept the wearing Hijab.

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
Present world of Muslim female is not restricted under boundaries, as discussed with the
students they seek the development of female as their own responsibility. This article in the
end represent that veil is just a cover for modern Muslim girls, they observe it as a part not a
restriction to limit their freedom and this thinking allows them to take remarkable steps in
history. The most inspiring example is the Noble Price winner Malala-Yusufjai who
represents a real picture of Islam and its values of humanity and factors making negative
image in the world.
Based on the interview this report concluded that many Muslim females are working in the
social and educational field to represent the reality of Islam and their Hijab as not restrictions
among the world. These girls and women represent that wearing Hijab is not restriction for
them but it is their own faith in their religion.

Factors that influence girls to wear hijab in Canada
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