System Analysis and Design: Fall Detection in Smart Homes

This project focuses on the system analysis and design of a fall detection system for elderly individuals within a smart home environment. The assignment begins with an introduction to the problem of fall detection and its importance in elderly care, followed by a case study of Age Concern, a home care provider. The core of the project involves the creation of SysML requirements diagrams for both indoor and outdoor fall detection systems, illustrating the key components and data flow. The second part of the project proposes a system solution, including block diagrams to represent the system architecture, a sequence diagram to illustrate interactions between system entities, and an activity diagram to depict the workflow. The solution aims to reduce fall-related fatalities by implementing a comprehensive system capable of detecting falls and alerting emergency services. The report concludes with a discussion of the system's potential benefits and a bibliography of referenced sources.

Running head: SMART SYSTEMS
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Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
About the case study........................................................................................................................3
Problem solution..............................................................................................................................4
Part 1: requirements identification and modeling............................................................................5
Requirements diagram – Indoor fall detection system................................................................5
Requirements diagram – Outdoor fall detection system..............................................................6
Part 2: design and propose a system solution for this case study....................................................7
Block diagram 1...........................................................................................................................7
Block diagram 2:..........................................................................................................................8
Sequence diagram........................................................................................................................8
Activity diagram..........................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The objective of the assessment is to evaluate the Fall Detection assistive technology. It
has been observed that due to lack of proper fall detection technology it has become difficult to
provide better care towards the elderly people. In this assignment the main focus will be on
producing Sysml requirements diagrams for evaluating the case study. In addition to these the
second part of the report will focus on designing and proposing a system solution after
evaluating the case study.
About the case study
Age concern is the home care in Britain that manages around 100 elderly people. The
home care has seen around 60% of resident’s death due to falls. Thus in order to reduce the death
ratio due to fall’s, it has been decided to implement a new strategy that will protect the elderly
people. An automatic Fall Detection system has been funded for the purpose of preventing the
death ratio. At present, age concern does not have any automated detection system for recording
the automatic call rates. The resident informs the authorities about their well-being by pressing a
telephone button at every 11 clock in the morning. Once the button is pressed by the residents it
becomes easy to understand that they are taking their medicine properly. These buttons are
connected to the central computing systems, which further monitor every activities performed by
the residents. However there is a need to have automated system that will be able to detect the
problems efficiently and within the time.
The main reason behind designing and automated fall detection and alarming system is
that in case any elderly person faces challenge while being alone at home, then the emergency

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response infrastructure will get triggered. This will provide them with emergency support.
Addition to these the Fall Detection system is also designed with proper to facilities so that the
person can trigger the alarm by themselves. There are basically two different types of all
detection systems that will be implemented. These are indoor Fall Detection system and outdoor
Fall Detection system. Age concern group mainly aims at providing Indore Fall Detection
facilities however with the increase in the number of falls accidental there is a need to provide
out of range of services also. With the help of a proper system and alarms implementation it will
become easy to provide support and facilities towards the elderly persons.
Problem solution
Fall Detection system is essential for the age concern group as this will help in reducing
the challenges faced by the residents. The proposed solution will be designed with sensors so that
it becomes easy for them to collect the data of the individuals. Based on the data collected alarm
is will be generated for creating awareness among the medical staffs. The main reason behind
developing this solution is to ensure that proper care is provided to words every individual while
their presence at age concern. In addition to this it will also become easy to check the health
condition of the patients. Hence it can be stated that with the help of the proposed solution it will
become easy to resolve the challenges faced by the age concern recent system

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Part 1: requirements identification and modeling
Requirements diagram – Indoor fall detection system
The above diagram is designed for the purpose of understanding the requirements that
will be needed for managing an indoor Fall Detection system. The main elements that will be
associated with the indoor fall detection system are the operating system, gravity sensor,
application, software, hardware wearable components, Watch details, application of this,
hardware alarm hardware sensor, hardware and sensor related data. The main data that will be
stored within the detection system is the name of the person, age, medical history and the current
location. Every data will be updated in the system time to time depending upon the movements
made by the individual. The sensor is designed within the watch for the purpose of determining

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the environmental condition so that it becomes easy to provide the details regarding the
activities. This will also help in evaluating the fall related activities.
Requirements diagram – Outdoor fall detection system
The outdoor Fall Detection system is designed for the purpose of understanding the
issues that are faced by elderly people outside the age concern. The Fall Detection system will
focus entirely on managing the updates that are received from mobile phones and watches. The
components of fall outdoor detection system are same as the indoor fall detection system. The
only additional components within this diagram are the mobile. Whenever the elderly person
walks out of the residents, the sensors present within the mobile will be capable of sharing the
activities performed by the users.

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Part 2: design and propose a system solution for this case study
Block diagram 1
The block diagram is prepared for the Indoor fall system. With the help of the block
diagram it becomes easy to understand the different components at different stages. The
operating system for indoor fall system is divided into two parts that is software components and
the hardware components (Lin et al. 2019). The software components include the application and
the elements are present within the application. These include the gravity sensor for detecting the
data from the environment. The hardware component contains a hardware sensor, hardware
alarm and the hardware available. Hardware sensors include visual OS and sensor OS. The
hardware available includes the watch that is used to for determining the Fall Detection.

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Block diagram 2:
The operating system for outdoor fall system is divided into two parts that is software
components and the hardware components. The software components include the application and
the elements are present within the application. These include the gravity sensor for detecting the
data from the environment. The hardware component contains a hardware sensor, hardware
alarm and the hardware available. Hardware sensors include visual OS and sensor OS. The
mobile phone is integrated within the outdoor fall system so that it becomes easy to manage the
data.
Sequence diagram
Sequence diagram is mainly used with the motive of understanding the different
components related to software engineering. With the use of sequence diagram it develops easy
to represent the interaction between the entities associated with the system. The main advantages

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that are offered with the use of advanced sequence diagram includes easy to read, efficient UML
specifications for managing sequence diagram centric and ensures that efficient communication
has been developed. This used for the purpose of understanding the interaction that is carried out
between the patient and the other operating systems (Viswanathan and Samuel 2016). Let’s
consider that there are two actors one is the patient and the other one is the user. Patients can
request for reading from the gravity sensors. The gravity sensors are responsible for detecting the
falls effectively and to report it towards the patients. In case any fall is detected by the system,
than the alarm is been provided towards the patients. This will protect the users from possible
accidents.
Activity diagram
Activity diagram is intended for the purpose of understanding the flow of tasks by step by
step procedure. The key reason behind developing an activity diagram is that it offers logic with
the help of an algorithm (Lee 2012). In addition to this activity diagram also helps to describe the
different steps that are used for carrying out a system successfully. The new system is divided

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into two parts that is Indoor Fall Detection system and outdoor fall detection system. Thus it is
important to ensure that proper balance is maintained between both the systems so that it can
offer accurate data. With the help of activity diagram it becomes easy to process the complicated
use cases. The process starts executing from gravity sensor. The gravity sensor shares the data to
the retrieve balance. This data is the further shared to detect fall after that the alert is sent
towards the users and these are lot are received in the form of SOS by the user. With the help of
the new system it is identified that the chances of death due to fall will reduce.
Conclusion
Automated Fall Detection and alarm system is designed for the purpose of providing
better care towards the elderly people of the residents of each concerned. The report has
explained all the crucial elements that are essential for designing the new system. It is expected
that the developed the system will be capable of protecting the lives of elderly person from fall
cases. This system will be designed with several alarms for different situation so that that they

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can directly communicate with the nurses or r their relatives for emergency help. The new
solution for the purpose of resolving the issue is divided into two parts that is Indoor Fall
Detection system and outdoor fall detection system. Hence it can be concluded that with an
effective system it will become easy to prevent the accident chances. The project has designed all
the essential Sysml diagrams representing the solution and the components of the new solution.

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Bibliography
Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Roth, R.M., 2018. Systems analysis and design. John wiley &
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Lee, S., 2012. Unified Modeling Language (UML) for Database Systems and Computer
Applications. International Journal of Database Theory and Application, 5(1), pp.157-164.
Lin, K.P., Chang, T.M., Hsu, M.F., Lin, S.J. and Chao, W.S., 2019, August. A Structure-
Behavior Coalescence Method for Integrating SysML Internal Block Diagram with Activity
Diagram. In 2019 IEEE 10th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC) (pp.
142-145). IEEE.
Maylawati, D.S., Darmalaksana, W. and Ramdhani, M.A., 2018, January. Systematic design of
expert system using unified modelling language. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science
and Engineering (Vol. 288, No. 1, p. 012047). IOP Publishing.
Naim, M.M., Spiegler, V.L., Wikner, J. and Towill, D.R., 2017. Identifying the causes of the
bullwhip effect by exploiting control block diagram manipulation with analogical
reasoning. European Journal of Operational Research, 263(1), pp.240-246.
Van Aken, D., Pavlo, A., Gordon, G.J. and Zhang, B., 2017, May. Automatic database
management system tuning through large-scale machine learning. In Proceedings of the 2017
ACM International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 1009-1024).
Viswanathan, S.E. and Samuel, P., 2016. Automatic code generation using unified modeling
language activity and sequence models. IET Software, 10(6), pp.164-172.