HP50 Unit VII: Federal Bureaucracy and Judiciary in US Government

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the Federal Bureaucracy and Judiciary within the United States government. It begins by defining the Federal Bureaucracy, detailing its structure, and explaining the roles of various agencies, including Cabinet departments, government corporations, independent agencies, and regulatory agencies. The essay further explores the concept of the Iron Triangle, illustrating the relationships between the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups in the policy-making process. The judiciary system is then examined, outlining the structure of the federal courts (Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, and District Courts) and the role of judicial review in controlling the actions of the bureaucracy and maintaining a system of checks and balances among the three branches of government. The essay concludes by summarizing the interconnectedness of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and their roles in governing the United States.

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Hp50

Columbia Southern University
The Federal Bureaucracy is the backbone of the US Government. The bureaucrats are the non-
elected governmental body in the Executive Branch. The Executive branch of the government
follows the bureaucracy. Federal bureaucracy implement, regulate and administer all the
programs of the executive branch. The President is crowning the pyramid of the structure of
federal bureaucracy. The political and constitutional responsibility of the undertakings of the
executive agencies is on the President. Power of the organizing and dispersing the federal
agencies of the executive branch is on the hand of Congress under the control of the President.
Therefore, the masters of the Bureaucracy are the President and Congress.
According to the Sidlow & Henschen, the bureaucracy falls into four comprehensive types:
The Cabinet departments are regulated by the Secretaries which are seated in the cabinet of the
President. The Secretaries direct the policies for the operation of its department. Government
corporations are not part of any constituent departments. The business of these agencies is
created by the Congress and the agencies of the Government Corporation charge fees for the
service of the agencies. Independent agencies narrowly are similar to Cabinet departments. The
responsibilities of the independent agencies are narrower than Cabinet departments. Independent
agencies are controlled by the President. The Regulatory agencies standardize significant
portions of the economy and generally make the rules for the outsized businesses. These
agencies are not directly controlled by the President. We should consider the federal bureaucracy
as the real government because the functions of the agencies of the federal bureaucracy are very
operational and generally they are the part of the constituents departments (Sidlow & Henschen,
2014).
Relationship between bureaucracy, congressmen and interest group, through the policy creation
process is known as the Iron Triangle. The iron triangle encompasses the policy-making
association between the bureaucracy, congressman and the lobbyists. According to the iron
triangle theory, interested groups make available the statistics to the agencies of the government
and regarding the statistics, interested groups make an approach to the agencies. The Lobbyists

and the bureaucrats have significant interaction with the subcommittee of the Congress who is
giving shape to the laws of the United State which creates an interest of the lobbyists and
bureaucrats (Ford et al., 2016).
The main goal of the congressman is to gain the re-election; the goal of the lobbyists is to
symbolize the company of lobbyists and the entire legislative bill which is in the interest of the
company of lobbyists gets an approval from the government. The Iron triangle maintains the
relationship of all three of them and when these three groups work together, they set the most
policies of the government (Pollack, Helm, & Adler, D., 2018).
The judiciary system is the branch of the federal government which supports in the interpretation
of the Constitution of the United State. In the structure of the judiciary system, the federal courts
have three parts. The Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal and the District Courts. The judiciary
system is structured in the manner of roughly pyramidal (Miller, 2018). The Supreme Court is on
the top of the pyramid structure of the judiciary system. All the appeals from the state court and
federal court are filled in the Supreme Court. The middle part of the pyramid is the Federal
Court. The court of appeal is divided into twelve different provinces. The main role of the
Appellate Court is determined that whether the Trial Court applied the correct law at the time of
passing judgment of any case. The lowest part of the pyramid is the Federal District Courts. The
role of the federal District Courts in determining the case and passes the judgment with the
application of the laws. The judicial system can control the actions of the bureaucracy as the
federal judges have power to issue an injunction on the orders and rules made by the executive
agency. In 1983, the Supreme Court struck down the legislative veto power in the case of INS v
Chadha, which reduced the power of Congress to override pronouncements made by
bureaucratic agencies. The judicial branch can restraint the power of the executive and legislative
branch of the government by using the power of judicial review because these three branches of
the government are interconnected with each other therefore check and balance theory applies on
the executive, judiciary and legislative branch. In the case of Marbury, the Supreme Court strikes
down an act of Congress as unconstitutional by using the power of judicial review. (VERA, L.
2019).
The U.S federal government has three branches; the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.
The Powers of all these branches are interconnected with each other, for the control of the power

of the branches, the federal government has a check and balance theory. The executive branch is
administered by the President. The legislative branch of the U.S government is known as
Congress. The function of the legislative branch is making laws for the citizen of the Country.
The judiciary branch support and interpret the Constitution of the United States.
Reference:
Ford, L., Bardes, B., Schmidt, S. & Shelley, M. (2016), American Government and Politics
Today: No Separate Policy Chapters Version. Cengage Learning, 2016
Miller, M. (2018), Judicial Politics in the United States, Routledge, 2018
Pollack, J., Helm, J. & Adler, D. (2018), International Journal of Managing Projects in
Business, 2018, Vol. 11 Issue 2
Sidlow, E. & Henschen, B. (2014), GOVT6 (6th Ed.), Cengage Learning, 2014
VERA, L. (2019), Harvard Journal on Legislation, Winter2019, Vol. 56 Issue 1