Strategy and Global Finance Report: Electro-Tech's Investment Analysis

This report analyzes Electro-Tech, a telecommunications company, focusing on its global finance strategies and investment approaches. The report covers the impact of globalization, evaluates investment approaches like income and growth investing, and assesses the influence of global business environment factors such as economic and technological aspects. It then delves into Electro-Tech's potential investment decisions and strategies for its proposed Atlantic expansion project, critically evaluating the buy and hold strategy. Furthermore, the report explains the impact of strategic decisions, including NPV, IRR, and payback period, on Electro-Tech's operations, along with the financial consequences of these decisions. Finally, it identifies potential global risks, such as foreign exchange risk and government legislation, and proposes risk mitigation techniques like exchange-traded funds to safeguard Electro-Tech's investments.

Strategy and Global Finance

INTRODUCTION
Global finance is a system which helps an organization to successfully run its business in
their respective industry or sector. This process helps in investing globally for the business to
make improvement and to expand it as well.
Present report will study about Electro-Tech which was formed in 2008. It is a
telecommunication company and one of the world’s leading suppliers. Electro-Tech employs
21,000 people across 80 countries. Electro-Tech’s mission is to place world-wide
telecommunications to every business. This report will discuss about the concept of globalization
and investment approaches. It will also explain about the global issues which can affect their
business activity.
In the second part of this report, this study will explain about the appropriate finance for
an organization which can be use in investment appraisal techniques. It will also focus on
different aspects of financial risk management as well. Other factors, such as, techniques for risk
recording and monitoring and applied strategies and techniques to mitigate particular business
risks will also be discussed in this report. This assessment will describe the financial statements
which is being used in the identification of organization's financial viability receptively. Lastly it
is explaining the current financial status of company and also recommending suitable strategies
as well.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1(a) Concept of globalization is linked to investment approaches
Globalization has a huge impact on the business activity of any organization. This
process has helped in exchange of markets and products around the world. This process assist
investor to approach new investing opportunities and to evaluate fresh markets at a greater
distance which can be very useful for the organization (Lasserre, 2017). This process has
increased the rate of international investing as well. Globalization induce connected economies
in order to proceed to invest in their economic health and take new profits. For Electro-Tech and
other global companies, like, Verizon Communications Inc., Softbank Group Corporation, etc.
can have a huge benefit of globalization. This will help them in investing globally for their
business in order to increase their productivity and sales. Due to this investment, it will also
assist in them in getting new opportunities as well (Masciandaro, 2017).
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2(b) Evaluating different approaches to investment
There are various approaches which can be used by any organization in order to improve
their business activity, such as, income investing and growth investing. These approaches are
very beneficiary for Electro-Tech and other global company, for example, Verizon
Communications Inc. (Grishunin and Suloeva, 2015).
Income Investing Approach: This strategy helps in generating income from their investment for
organization in the form of dividends, interest or capital gains (Sassen, 2016). Income investing
can be cite to a scheme of buying shares in a company that pays dividends. The generated
income can be calculated by following formula:
Dividend Yield=Annual Dividends Per Share
Price Per Share
Income investing strategy aid to find top-grade companies with the highest dividend yield
which can be useful for Electro-Tech to invest for their business activity.
Growth Investing approach: This is another style or process of investment which can be used
by these organizations to invest for their business. In growth investing method. It mainly focuses
in increase in growth of an investor's capital (Sassen, 2018). This type of approach basically
invests in the growth shares whose income or earnings are expected to increase in market. This
process is very helpful in evaluating company's potential for growth and invest in markets. This
approach focuses on earning growth of companies in which they are investing their money which
helps in reducing the impact of loss.
TASK 2
1(a) Two contrasting global business environment factors
Global business environment factors are those component which can affect their
functionality externally. There are various global factors which can influence their business, such
as, legal, political, social, technological and economic. Analysing these component is very
essential for any enterprise to run it successfully in industry(Giddens, 2018). Two main factors
which has a huge impact are as follows:
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 Economic Factors: These constituent basically include all the economic element which
changes globally. There are various factors such as, rise in living standards which
ultimately increases the demand of products efficiently which helps in increasing their
productivity and sales (Sapolsky and et.al., 2018). Other factors include, increase in the
interest rate, wages, rise in inflation rate etc. all these can affect their overall business
activity.
 Technological factors: For any business technological factors plays an important role in
enhancing their performance. This aid the enterprise to cut down the costs and create
new products. Having new and improved technology can help an organization to provide
the best products and services to their customers which will ultimately increase their sales
and brand value as well (Grishunin and Suloeva, 2016). Technology helps enterprise to
increase competing benefit and is a major driver of globalization.
2(b) Evaluating the impact of each factor on Electro-Tech operations
Electro-Tech working in a telecommunication industry, it is very essential for them to
manage the impact of global business environment factors on their business activity effectively
(Scott and Zachariadis, 2017). Economic and technological factors have a huge impact on their
business, such as:
Economic Impact: In this factor, it is very crucial for Electro Tech to properly manage their
system according this. Increase in the interest rate can affect their overall business's sales and
productivity (Guo and et.al., 2018). Rise in living standards also affects them, such as, it
increases demand for their products and services, which thereby, provides them greater
opportunities for businesses to make profits.
Technological Impact: Working in a telecommunication industry it becomes evident for them to
have all the latest and new technology which can aid them in improving their existing services
and to bring some new products as well. With the advent of modern communication
technologies, technological factors have gained great impetus in the business arena (Ghezzi,
Cortimiglia and Frank, 2015).
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TASK 3
1(a) Explain the potential investment decisions and strategies available to Electro-Tech’s
proposed Atlantic expansion project
For Electro Tech it is very essential to maintain and plan a good decisions and strategies
which can be very helpful for them in making an investment of £150 million for their expansion
of business in Atlantic expansion project (Lee, Kwak and Lee, 2015). For this they can calculate
the overall profit rate from this investment by using method like, net present value (NPV) and
internal rate of return (IRR). There are various strategies which can be opted by Electro Tech,
such as, buy and hold strategy, momentum trading, long short strategy, etc.
2(b) Selecting and critically evaluate the optimum strategy
For Electro Tech, buy and hold strategy will be very beneficial for them. In this strategy,
company will buy their shares or funds and holding them for a long period to get better return.
This is basically a long term investment which can be made by organization to make a good
return which they can invest in their business to make significant improvement (Sharma,
Medudula and Patro, 2015). This can help in entering in market at low price and sell their
products at higher rate. This will aid in increasing their profitability rate.
TASK 4
1(a) Explaining the potential impact of strategic decision on Electro-Tech operations
Strategic decisions are those which helps an organization to plan and process strategies
which can aid Electro Tech to accomplish their mission, values, goals and objectives. The impact
of strategic decisions can also help in decision making which results in profitable consequences
for them (Faccio and Zingales, 2017). There are various decisions which can be used by them to
improve or increase their operation, such as,
 Net Present Value (NPV): It is that value which helps in identifying the variation
between the present value of currency inflows of an organization and its existing value of
currency outflows in a given time period (Petković and et.al., 2016). It can be calculated
by:
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Computation of NPV
Year Cash flows
PV factor @
10% Discounted cash inflow
1 80 0.909 72.73
2 185 0.826 152.89
3 210 0.751 157.78
4 210 0.683 143.43
5 210 0.621 130.39
6 210 0.564 118.54
7 210 0.513 107.76
8 210 0.467 97.97
9 210 0.424 89.06
Sum of discounted cash
flows 1070.55
Less: Initial Investment 150
Net present value (NPV) 920.55
From this method it will be easy for company to identify or evaluate the profit ration of
their investment. From the above table it is showing that, this NPV has a positive growth for
Electro Tech which will contribute in increasing their sales. Positive NPV will prove to be
profitable.
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 Internal Rate of Return (IRR): This process helps in evaluating the potential ration of
their investment which the have company made. If Internal Rate of Return overstep
below the needed rate of return project should be excepted and if its falls, it should be
rejected (Patrick and French, 2016).
Computation of IRR
Year Cash flows
0 -150
1 80
2 185
3 210
4 210
5 210
6 210
7 210
8 210
9 210
Internal rate of return (IRR) 93.6%
From the above report it can be observed that IRR of Electro Tech is positive and higher,
so it will be beneficial in investing in Atlantic expansion project. So they can opt for this project
to do their investment of £150 million.
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Payback period
It is that time period in which company will get return on its investment, which in this
case is 1 year and 4 months respectively.
Year Cash flows
Cumulative cash
flows
1 80 80
2 185 265
3 210 475
4 210 685
5 210 895
6 210 1105
7 210 1315
8 210 1525
9 210 1735
1 + (150 – 80) / 185
= 1.4 years
2(b) Evaluating the potential financial consequences of the strategic decision can have on the
organisation
The potential financial consequences of strategic decisions on Electro Tech can have a
huge impact in positive manner. Such as from both the process, i.e., Net Present Value and
Internal Rate of Return, it will be beneficiary for them in investing their £150 million in Atlantic
expansion project. These processes will be very helpful for them in increasing their profitability
ratio as well.
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TASK 5
1(a) Two global risks that Electro-Tech might be exposed to while implementing the Atlantic
Expansion project.
 Foreign exchange risk :- it is considered as a financial risk that occurs when company
runs internationally. Electro-Tech, might be affected by Foreign exchange risk whenever
it has contractual cash flow. Company might be exposed to this risk by having payables
& receivables influenced by currency exchange rates. Furthermore, it has been
discovered that if a value of currency changes between when the agreement is signed, it
could cause a loss for one of the parties (Epstein, 2018).
 Government legislation :- government based regulations has a greater impact on
telecommunication service industry in several ways. For example, Trade laws, the federal
minimum wage, & also the need for license might affect Electro-Tech. It has been further
revealed that, a policy can be applied by the government by which social behaviour in
the business environment can get influenced. Moreover, unstable conditions might
present challenges which can affect company in the future (Franks, Davis and Scurrah,
2014).
2(b) Two risk mitigation techniques that can be applied.
 Exchange – Traded funds :- for Electro-Tech to mitigate the risk of foreign exchange, it
can seek to have various types of exchange traded funds which pay attention on providing
short & long exposures to many different currencies. It has been suggested that, using
such a fund is considered the best mitigatory for vulnerability.
 Prepare Regulation based plans :- to mitigate the risk of government rules and
regulations, company must kept itself aware of upcoming changes in current legislation.
It is necessary for Electro-Tech to have a backup plan for future risk that might affect it.
Another important thing that need to be considered is that company must follow all
taxation rates, interest rates and other government laws to keep itself safe from other risks
(Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks, 2015).

3(c) Suitability of two risk mitigation techniques.
Exchange Traded funds, refers to an investment fund traded on stock exchanges. It is best
suitable for the company because it provides the easy diversification, tac efficiency if index
funds, and fewer expense ratio. ETF is considered as a good mitigation techniques because it can
be economically acquired and inclined of shares as long term investment for assets. Other
advantages of it are, it creates low capital gains as the have low turnover of their securities,
ETF's can be bought and sold at present market prices during the day of trading, further it
provides an economical way of rebalance portfolio allotment. Secondly, having suitable plan of
action to mitigate government rules or following all laws will be best for Electro-Tech to reduce
its risk factor. As it has been determined that disobeying rules might adversely affect the
company (Morello, 2018). Following the legislation will make it easier for all to fulfil the goals
for an organisation.
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1-b
TASK 1
1(a) Two investment appraisal techniques
Investment appraisal techniques is also known as capital budgeting which consist primary
planning process that facilitate determination of concerned enterprise investments. It can be
determines in long and short both term so that components of the firm included property,
equipments, advertisement campaigns, etc. (Adusumilli Davis and Fromme, 2016). Following
are different techniques of appraisal: Net present value: In this technique cash-in-flow measure whether extra or inadequacy of
finance. With daily basis commitment which met with appropriate outcomes in Morrison.
This technique has objectives to increase positive NPV.
 Accounting rate of return: This technique helps to compare profits earned with
concerned project on the basis of investment of capital (Petković, 2015). Project can
collect amount of initial investment which required in the project of Morrison.
2(b) Contrast and usefulness of the two investment appraisal techniques
Following are contrast and usefulness of two investment appraisal techniques: Net present value: This technique consider mathematical calculation which includes net
cash flow at particular present time for Morrison. Hence, it consists inverse proportional
relation between discount rate and NPV. Greater flexibility and quality of production can
be regulate in positive consideration. In contrast, high discount rate would be reduce
NPV value of capital (Noreen, Brewer and Garrison, 2014). Usefulness of this method is
that high discount rates over tCountry risk management: Before investing money in
foreign areas, Morrison must assess possibility of political risks. Estimation of foreign
country also look towards economic condition and future development. With the help of
different perspective, unemployment rate, purchasing power, inflation can be measure.
Using this information predict that loss of political or economic risk might bring (Ho and
et.al., 2015). After assessment, when investing country satisfied so that investor must
negotiate investment environment and draft for investment agreement. he period
increases results.

 Accounting rate of return: ARR has usefulness is that profit that earned with initial
investment capital amount. Furthermore, it assists to compare profits that expect to make
from investment and amount to invest money. In contrast, among all techniques of
investment appraisal ARR is non discounted capital investment appraisal techniques
which not take time value of money involved (Easton and Monahan, 2016).
3(c) Two international aspects of financial risk management which impact on board's strategy
In international consideration, financial risk consider exposure to unanticipated changes
in exchange of rate between two different nations. Therefore, it is important to pushing forward
the development of international enterprises successfully. Following are two different
international aspects of financial risk management determines impact on board's strategy: Foreign currency exchange risk: According to this aspect, in the international
perspective national currency selected to conduct business of Morrison. In this way,
exchange risk can be eliminate with different opinion. In the invoice quota, foreign
currency create significant impact for foreign exchange with time reference (Bessis,
2015). In this perspective, foreign exchange forward concept measure in which amount of
the transaction and delivery data appropriate amount without any exchange of money,
actual settlement must be considered in successful manner.
 Country risk management: Before investing money in foreign areas, Morrison must
assess possibility of political risks. Estimation of foreign country also look towards
economic condition and future development. With the help of different perspective,
unemployment rate, purchasing power, inflation can be measure. Using this information
predict that loss of political or economic risk might bring (Ho and et.al., 2015). After
assessment, when investing country satisfied so that investor must negotiate investment
environment and draft for investment agreement.
4(d) Cost involved in managing these two aspects
In order to manage this two risks, Morrison reduce stock levels and helping to lower
costs. In this regard, in-store visibility develop craft skills towards particular market street. In
addition to this, they also involved to select free from products. There are 16 different regional
food maker events also organised by the enterprise across Britain. Therefore, they can utilise
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appropriate setting of cost in systematic manner. Master-craft is national competition which
assists to find the best food makers in all over the world (Bessis, 2015).
TASK 2
1. Importance of costs in pricing strategies
Costs should never determine price, but costs do play a critical role in formulating a
pricing strategy. Importance of costs in pricing strategies are stated below:
 Seller's decision of producing which products and in what quantities directly depends
upon cost of production.
 Quantities for manufacturing a product directly depends upon the cost of producing that
particular product.
 By evaluating cost effectively, it is possible to earn effective profit in selling the product.
 A low cost producer can charge lower prices and sell more because it can profitably use
low prices to attract more price sensitive buyers.
 Understanding of cost can help firm in taking correct decisions like pricing.
 Cost calculation also includes variable cost and fixed costs which are associated with
product.
 Costing is important to know real price at which product is produced, so that pricing
could be done in order to gain suitable profits.
 To compete against competitors in market by being more cost effective and efficient
which will in turn attract the customers to buy product.
 Costing is the first step of pricing strategies, so effective pricing cannot be done without
exact costing.
 Prevents company from suffering losses.
2. Evaluation of costing system being used by Morrisons for new product
Morrisons is using cost plus pricing method while introducing its new product i.e. hand
cleaner with rose fragrance. Cost plus pricing is a method of setting the prices of goods and
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services under which direct material cost is added with labour cost and overhead cost of
overhead accompanied by markup percentage in order to derive the price of product.
Advantages of CPP:
 Simple: Company can use this method to derive product cost, as this is very simple in
this type of method of cost plus pricing. Although, overhead allocation method is to be
defined in order to attain consistency in calculating the prices of multiple products.
 The biggest advantage that came out of using cost plus pricing method is that, company
knows exactly the amount of expenditure that has incurred on producing a product which
in turn helps in achieving desired revenue for the organization.
 It has become easier for a company to evaluate the reasons for escalations in expenses,
as company is using its own data for deciding cost.
Disadvantages:
 Future demand of a product are not taken into account for a product which is necessary to
form a base before deciding the price of a product.
 Actions of competitors and effects on pricing of the product are not taken into account. It
could be said that, if one company is solely dependent on cost plus pricing it can lead to
failure of company's product in the market.
 Can lead to over estimation of price of a product, as this method includes sunk cost and
ignores opportunity cost. There is also an element of personal bias while deciding the
profit margin which is to be added for a product.
3. Recommendations for using an appropriate costing system
Morrisons should make use of Penetration method of pricing, as this system would be
more suitable for launching new product i.e. hand cleaner with rose fragrance in an effective
price from which consumers can afford it. It is because retail sector is saturating with time and
due to presence of highly competitive market. Morrisons should avoid using cost plus costing
system instead should start using penetration system of pricing. As, this method would attract
customers to the new product or service in such a Global finance is a system which helps an
organization to successfully run its business in their respective industry or sector. This process
helps in investing globally for the business to make improvement and to expand it as well.
4

Present report will study about Electro-Tech which was formed in 2008. It is a
telecommunication company and one of the world’s leading suppliers. Electro-Tech employs
21,000 people across 80 countries. Electro-Tech’s mission is to place world-wide
telecommunications to every business. This report will discuss about the concept of globalization
and investment approaches. It will also explain about the global issues which can affect their
business activity.
In the second part of this report, this study will explain about the appropriate finance for
an organization which can be use in investment appraisal techniques. It will also focus on
different aspects of financial risk management as well. Other factors, such as, techniques for risk
recording and monitoring and applied strategies and techniques to mitigate particular business
risks will also be discussed in this report. This assessment will describe the financial statements
which is being used in the identification of organization's financial viability receptively. Lastly it
is explaining the current financial status of company and also recommending suitable strategies
as well.
TASK 3
1. Sources of risk and evaluation of some techniques for recording and monitoring these risks
Following are some sources of risk:
1. Financial Risk: It is the possibility that shareholders or other financial stakeholders will
lose money when they invest in a company that has debt and if the company's cash flow
proves inadequate to meet its financial obligations.
2. Technological Risk: It can be said the risk associated with cloud computing and data
storage. Perhaps, the biggest threat to business IT risks management is a data breach.
These are mainly of five types:
 Inadequate Data Backups.
 Old or Inconsistent Hardware and software.
 Inadequate Power Protection.
 Weak Tech Support.
 Insufficient Training.
3. Operational Risk: It summarizes the risks a company undertakes when it attempts to
operate within a given field or industry.
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2. Recommendation of suitable approach
Morrisons should make use of advanced measurement approach as, AMA's qualifying
factors makes a firm risk assessments more forward-looking and reflective of the quality of
control and operating environments. These directives enable the firm that any Operational Risk
Management (ORM) system which aims at qualifying for AMA status, must be aware of the
business strategies and the external factors that could impact risk profile of a firm. It would
benefit Morrisons as AMA matures and gains both the support and the confidence of
management. It is also noticed over a time that AMA is becoming increasingly valuable to the
business. Such alignment must be based on a clear vision of the potential benefits in order to be
successful.
It could be said that company should make use of this approach in order to prevent such
risks.
3. Techniques of mitigating risk
1. Responding to the Level of Uncertainty: The optimal policy is to proceed expediently
in order to increase the present value of the project by completing it as soon as possible if
a project is determined to have a low level of uncertainty.
2. Dealing With High-Impact, Low-Probability Risks: These events cannot be covered
by contingencies in general. In such cases, the computation of the expected loss for an
event of the loss of product, then the event is meaningless.
TASK 4
1. Appropriate strategies and tools to evaluate the value of
tangible and intangible resources
1. Trademark: It is a recognizable badge, or a symbol that denotes a specific product or its
services and legally differentiates it from all other products.
2. Copyright: It refers to a legal right of the owner of rational property. In simple words, it
is the right to copy. This means that the product on which copyright is done can only be
reproduced by the owner itself or the one whom it gives authorization to do so.
3. Patents: It simply means, granting of property right by a sovereign authority to an
inventor. This can provide the inventor with exclusive rights to the patent holder for a
designated period in exchange for a comprehensive disclosure of the invention.
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4. Goodwill: It is an intangible asset that come into existence when one company purchases
another for a premium value. The value of a company’s brand name, good employee
relation, good customer relations, solid customer base and any patents or proprietary
technology represent goodwill.
Task 5-:
1(a)Following are analysis of Financial Ratios Morrisons
Name Year Explanation
2017 2018
Net Margin Ratio 1.87 1.80 This ratio has been calculated by dividing Net
profits upon net sales of Morrisons. The ratio
form last year had decreased because of
increase in cost of goods sold and indirect
expenses.
Asset Turnover Ratio 1.76 1.83 This ratio is being calculated as per dividing
Sales upon Total average assets. The asset
turnover ratio indicates if higher is ratio better
is the company performance. So in this case
there is increase in this ratio which means that
assets of company are utilized much better as
compared to past year.
Return on Equity 7.80 7.23 The return on equity is calculated by dividing
net profit that are available for shareholders
upon no. of shares. So in this case ROE has
been decreased from last year which means
that return on investments of shareholders had
decreased the reason being that there is
decrease in gross margin of company because
had increased.
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Current Ratio .41 .41 This ratio is calculated by dividing current
assets with current liabilities. A ratio under 1
indicates that assets are more than liabilities
which does not mean that company financial
health has gone down but there is possibility
that company had done more investments.
Debt Equity Ratio .38 .27 This ratio is calculated by dividing total
liabilities with shareholders fund which states
that if higher is debt equity ratio company is
taking more of finance with debt. In this case
as there debt equity ratio is gone down from
previous year which means that company has
paid there borrowings.
Return on Invested Capital 6.60 6.86 ROIC is calculated by dividing Net income
less dividends with Total Capital which states
that how well company is using there money
for generating returns. The higher is ratio the
better is performance of the company. So in
this case Morrisons Return On Invested Capital
ratio had been increased which show
effectiveness for utilization of funds.
2(b)Recommendations to board about the redevelopment or replacement.
The Morrisons is growing organisation and is in phase of expansion as this company is
providing higher return as compared with different organisation of same field. Morrisons are
paying there debts as to provide higher returns to shareholders. The assets turnover ratio had
been increased from last year which means that Morrisons is providing goods returns on the
assets that are used by them. The cost of goods sold had been increased from previous year as it
is nothing to worry as it is in normal course of business. The company may go in replacement as
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because there are dynamic change in technology which are to be installed in company. The
redevelopment may be done at lower cost than replacement but it this better to infuse new
technology rather than redeveloping it as because business environment is changing rapidly.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, in its first part, it can be concluded that global financial
investment can have a huge impact on any organization as it will help them in increasing their
sales and productivity. This report has explained about the impact of globalization on Electro
Tech and its investment approach strategy. This has also explained about the impact of global
business environment factors oh Electro Tech operational management. This has discussed about
the impact of strategic decision on Electro Tech operations, such as, they have opted net present
value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) processes. Global risks and its mitigation strategies
were explained in details in this report as well.
In the second part of this report, it has explained about the appropriate finance for an
organization that can be used for their improvement by using investment appraisal techniques,
respectively. And also analyzed the aspects of financial risk management. Different sources that
is available for the organization is also discussed in this study. Other factors, such as, techniques
for risk recording and monitoring and applied strategies and techniques to mitigate particular
business risks. It has also described the financial statements which is used in identifying the
financial viability. In last section, it has described about the current financial status of company
and also recommending suitable strategies as well in enhancing their brand value.
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